Jasmonate Controls Leaf Growth by Repressing
... have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on leaf growth regulation were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants altered in JA syn ...
... have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on leaf growth regulation were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants altered in JA syn ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... Therefore, in order to identify the vacuolar membrane translocation components, we generated a chimera of prApe1 fused to the HIS3 gene. Our initial screen was based on the idea that a his3 mutant strain of yeast would not be able to grow in the absence of histidine if the chimera was efficiently deli ...
... Therefore, in order to identify the vacuolar membrane translocation components, we generated a chimera of prApe1 fused to the HIS3 gene. Our initial screen was based on the idea that a his3 mutant strain of yeast would not be able to grow in the absence of histidine if the chimera was efficiently deli ...
A Simple and Efficient Method for Isolating Trichomes for
... and full-length cDNAs are available for a large percentage of the genes (Seki et al. 2002a, Seki et al. 2002b). Although a wealth of information has been obtained from both genetic and molecular analyses of trichome development, the biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis trichomes has lagged behind. Th ...
... and full-length cDNAs are available for a large percentage of the genes (Seki et al. 2002a, Seki et al. 2002b). Although a wealth of information has been obtained from both genetic and molecular analyses of trichome development, the biochemical analysis of Arabidopsis trichomes has lagged behind. Th ...
Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Plant Cell Growth
... caused by actin-depolymerizing drugs, indicating that these mutant phenotypes are generated by defects in the actin cytoskeleton (66, 86). Besides defects in trichome development, root hair growth under certain conditions is disturbed in Arp2/3 mutants (64, 65). The root hair phenotype varies from w ...
... caused by actin-depolymerizing drugs, indicating that these mutant phenotypes are generated by defects in the actin cytoskeleton (66, 86). Besides defects in trichome development, root hair growth under certain conditions is disturbed in Arp2/3 mutants (64, 65). The root hair phenotype varies from w ...
Actin Cytoskeleton in Plants: From Transport Networks to Signaling
... impacts on expression of the eukaryotic genome (Ingber, 1993; Ingber et al., 1994; Chicurel et al., 1998). The hunt for IFs in plants is, after the first promising results (Dawson et al., 1985; Miller et al., 1985; McNulty and Saunders, 1992), still an open race (Menzel, 1993) and it seems that, as ...
... impacts on expression of the eukaryotic genome (Ingber, 1993; Ingber et al., 1994; Chicurel et al., 1998). The hunt for IFs in plants is, after the first promising results (Dawson et al., 1985; Miller et al., 1985; McNulty and Saunders, 1992), still an open race (Menzel, 1993) and it seems that, as ...
Implications for Cancer Biology
... possible models for how TOR functions in the network. A simple and prevalent model accounting for these observations places TOR downstream of PI3K/Akt in a linear fashion (Figure 2A). This model is consistent with the existence of an insulin-sensitive phosphorylation site in TOR (Nave et al., 1999). ...
... possible models for how TOR functions in the network. A simple and prevalent model accounting for these observations places TOR downstream of PI3K/Akt in a linear fashion (Figure 2A). This model is consistent with the existence of an insulin-sensitive phosphorylation site in TOR (Nave et al., 1999). ...
The linkage between cell wall metabolism and fruit
... cell walls from tomato fruit than those of any other plant species. However, it is important to emphasise that, while many of the general ideas about how fruit softening is regulated have been drawn from the ‘tomato model’, some of which may be applicable to other fruits, there are clearly features ...
... cell walls from tomato fruit than those of any other plant species. However, it is important to emphasise that, while many of the general ideas about how fruit softening is regulated have been drawn from the ‘tomato model’, some of which may be applicable to other fruits, there are clearly features ...
Mitochondrial Dynamics and the ER: The Plant Perspective
... targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is followed by selective fusion (Twig et al., 2008b): differences in membrane potential become evident in daughter mitochondria after a fission event (Twig et al., 2008a). As memb ...
... targeting to autophagosomes (Twig et al., 2008b). In mammalian cells mitochondrial fusion triggers fission which in turn is followed by selective fusion (Twig et al., 2008b): differences in membrane potential become evident in daughter mitochondria after a fission event (Twig et al., 2008a). As memb ...
A C-terminus Mitochondrial-localization Region and BH3 Domain of
... Huntington's disease (Higgins et al. 2010; Portera-Cailliau et al. 1995; Vila & Przedborski 2003). Because it plays such a crucial role in both healthy and diseased tissue, a more complete understanding of the key proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis will be important for the development ...
... Huntington's disease (Higgins et al. 2010; Portera-Cailliau et al. 1995; Vila & Przedborski 2003). Because it plays such a crucial role in both healthy and diseased tissue, a more complete understanding of the key proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis will be important for the development ...
Effects of the regulatory proteins MITF and TFEB on
... Autophagy is a fundamental process in cell biology and is an essential part of normal cell function. Autophagy is a degradation pathway in which the cell digests organelles and worn-out parts of itself and is able to recycle metabolites from the digested material. This system is vital for cell clean ...
... Autophagy is a fundamental process in cell biology and is an essential part of normal cell function. Autophagy is a degradation pathway in which the cell digests organelles and worn-out parts of itself and is able to recycle metabolites from the digested material. This system is vital for cell clean ...
CELL MOTILITY: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of
... ical properties of cytoplasm are dependent on the speeds of physical deformations within the cell. The large number of subcellular structures, organelles and macromolecules creates a crowded environment where ability to move is strongly dependent on the size of the individual component. Movement ove ...
... ical properties of cytoplasm are dependent on the speeds of physical deformations within the cell. The large number of subcellular structures, organelles and macromolecules creates a crowded environment where ability to move is strongly dependent on the size of the individual component. Movement ove ...
Misregulation of autophagy and protein degradation systems in
... apoptosis in Col6a1-null mice. Similar effects were elicited in Col6a1-null mice by prolonged fasting, as well as by treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor that it is widely used to induce autophagy (Klionsky et al., 2012), or with cyclosporine A, a drug acting on mitochondria membrane potentia ...
... apoptosis in Col6a1-null mice. Similar effects were elicited in Col6a1-null mice by prolonged fasting, as well as by treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor that it is widely used to induce autophagy (Klionsky et al., 2012), or with cyclosporine A, a drug acting on mitochondria membrane potentia ...
AMPK regulates ER morphology and function in
... Experimental lipotoxicity constitutes a model for -cell demise induced by metabolic stress in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fatty-acid excess induces ER stress, which is accompanied by ER morphological changes whose mechanisms and relevance are unknown. We found that the GTPase DRP1, a key regulator ...
... Experimental lipotoxicity constitutes a model for -cell demise induced by metabolic stress in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fatty-acid excess induces ER stress, which is accompanied by ER morphological changes whose mechanisms and relevance are unknown. We found that the GTPase DRP1, a key regulator ...
Diatoms
... Diatoms grow hydrated silica “shells” to protect themselves from harm. These cell walls often form in two pieces that fit together like a box and a lid. There is a wide diversity in how they look. Tiny pores in the silica allow for gas exchange Different types of diatoms ...
... Diatoms grow hydrated silica “shells” to protect themselves from harm. These cell walls often form in two pieces that fit together like a box and a lid. There is a wide diversity in how they look. Tiny pores in the silica allow for gas exchange Different types of diatoms ...
Tese Hugo Fraga
... reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant tissue culture encompasses a range of biotechnology tools that enable the conservation and plant breeding. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) morphogenetic route can be employed for mass clonal propagation of eli ...
... reinforcing the need for further studies aimed at their preservation and propagation. Plant tissue culture encompasses a range of biotechnology tools that enable the conservation and plant breeding. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) morphogenetic route can be employed for mass clonal propagation of eli ...
Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 is involved
... (mpk6–/– MPK3RNAi) is developmentally arrested at the cotyledon stage. In a different study, Bush and Krysan (2007) reported that several development programmes are influenced by MPK6. In that work, it was observed that mpk6 null mutant alleles had defects in anther and embryo development, and displ ...
... (mpk6–/– MPK3RNAi) is developmentally arrested at the cotyledon stage. In a different study, Bush and Krysan (2007) reported that several development programmes are influenced by MPK6. In that work, it was observed that mpk6 null mutant alleles had defects in anther and embryo development, and displ ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... to degrade ubiquitinated substrates. (III) After escaping from the phagosome to the cytosol, some bacterial pathogens initiate actin-based motility; most pathogens studied so far promote actin polymerization by using the ARP2/3 complex. Actin polymerization propels the bacteria through the cytosol a ...
... to degrade ubiquitinated substrates. (III) After escaping from the phagosome to the cytosol, some bacterial pathogens initiate actin-based motility; most pathogens studied so far promote actin polymerization by using the ARP2/3 complex. Actin polymerization propels the bacteria through the cytosol a ...
Text - Enlighten: Publications
... The protocol developed here for live labeling of root hairs is both simple and convenient, and is outlined in Figure 1. The elimination of fixation, dehydration and embedding is advantageous especially for handling such fragile specimens as root hairs. This methodology also does not require sectioni ...
... The protocol developed here for live labeling of root hairs is both simple and convenient, and is outlined in Figure 1. The elimination of fixation, dehydration and embedding is advantageous especially for handling such fragile specimens as root hairs. This methodology also does not require sectioni ...
Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... and the increase in their PPi content, provided that the latter increase did not exceed about 150 pmol/mg of cell protein. However, when the change in PP1 exceeded this value, for example in the presence of glucagon and vasopressin together, little additional increase in lightscattering was observed ...
... and the increase in their PPi content, provided that the latter increase did not exceed about 150 pmol/mg of cell protein. However, when the change in PP1 exceeded this value, for example in the presence of glucagon and vasopressin together, little additional increase in lightscattering was observed ...
Using monoclonal antibodies to label living root hairs: a novel tool
... The protocol developed here for live labeling of root hairs is both simple and convenient, and is outlined in Figure 1. The elimination of fixation, dehydration and embedding is advantageous especially for handling such fragile specimens as root hairs. This methodology also does not require sectioni ...
... The protocol developed here for live labeling of root hairs is both simple and convenient, and is outlined in Figure 1. The elimination of fixation, dehydration and embedding is advantageous especially for handling such fragile specimens as root hairs. This methodology also does not require sectioni ...
Isoflavone and Pterocarpan Malonylglucosides and ß -l,3
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
... pan malonylglucosides of chickpea has not been proven clearly until yet. Apart from the accumulation of phytoalexins the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins is an especially prominent reaction of plants after microbial infection or elicitation [18]. Recent in vestigations have identified dif ...
as a PDF
... positioned to form organized arrays is not known. Plant cortical microtubule arrays are dynamic structures (8), continually reorganizing in response to environmental and developmental cues (2,9). In epidermal cells of the root or shoot axis, interphase microtubules show a progressive change in organ ...
... positioned to form organized arrays is not known. Plant cortical microtubule arrays are dynamic structures (8), continually reorganizing in response to environmental and developmental cues (2,9). In epidermal cells of the root or shoot axis, interphase microtubules show a progressive change in organ ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.