Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... images of flashing lights sometimes followed by other images. His former wife reported that he fully recovered from the first four seizures, and that his intellectual faculties seemed entirely normal before the 1984 seizures (see below). Periodic neurological evaluations after seizures from 1964 to ...
... images of flashing lights sometimes followed by other images. His former wife reported that he fully recovered from the first four seizures, and that his intellectual faculties seemed entirely normal before the 1984 seizures (see below). Periodic neurological evaluations after seizures from 1964 to ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these animals. However, all of the conclusions and obse ...
... (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these animals. However, all of the conclusions and obse ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... REM Sleep • Most dreams occur during REM sleep • In first 90 minutes of sleep: – go from stage 1 to 4 of NREM, – go up to stage 2 of NREM – to REM sleep ...
... REM Sleep • Most dreams occur during REM sleep • In first 90 minutes of sleep: – go from stage 1 to 4 of NREM, – go up to stage 2 of NREM – to REM sleep ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... Geretitzoff (1940) who first proposed that cortical activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more pro ...
... Geretitzoff (1940) who first proposed that cortical activation occurred via sensory collaterals acting on the brain stem R.F. Further evidence preceding the 1949 paper of Magoun and Moruzzi included the discovery by Magoun, Lindsey, and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more pro ...
View/Open
... control signals from two major sources: (1) corticofugal fibers returning in a backward direction from the primary visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selec ...
... control signals from two major sources: (1) corticofugal fibers returning in a backward direction from the primary visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus, and (2) reticular areas of the mesencephalon. Both of these are inhibitory and, when stimulated, can turn off transmission through selec ...
PDF file
... it does not want to do that again. In the human brain, coping with stress may be learned from the release of serotonin in the brain and pleasure may be learned through the rise of the level of dopamine (Robbins & Everitt, 1996; Solomon & Corbit, 1973, 1974). The roles of serotonin and dopamine fall ...
... it does not want to do that again. In the human brain, coping with stress may be learned from the release of serotonin in the brain and pleasure may be learned through the rise of the level of dopamine (Robbins & Everitt, 1996; Solomon & Corbit, 1973, 1974). The roles of serotonin and dopamine fall ...
Methamphetamine Users in Sustained Abstinence
... methamphetamine-dependent subjects followed longitudinally. Wang et al24 examined glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography and reported normalized thalamic metabolism following protracted abstinence (⬎12 months) relative to reduced metabolism assessed after a shorter abstinence interval ...
... methamphetamine-dependent subjects followed longitudinally. Wang et al24 examined glucose metabolism using positron emission tomography and reported normalized thalamic metabolism following protracted abstinence (⬎12 months) relative to reduced metabolism assessed after a shorter abstinence interval ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... response was a slow rise in spiking above baseline to peak during the first 1.5 s of sucrose infusion. The elevation typically persisted as a moderate and sustained plateau of firing throughout the remainder of the 10-s infusion (Figs. 3 and 4 and Fig. S1). Only DAMGO microinjection in the NAc magnifie ...
... response was a slow rise in spiking above baseline to peak during the first 1.5 s of sucrose infusion. The elevation typically persisted as a moderate and sustained plateau of firing throughout the remainder of the 10-s infusion (Figs. 3 and 4 and Fig. S1). Only DAMGO microinjection in the NAc magnifie ...
Dissociating Hippocampal Subregions: A Double
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...
... fiber system that connect DG neurons to CA3 neurons. The separation of patterns is accomplished due to the low probability that any two CA3 neurons will receive mossyfiber input synapses from a similar subset of DG cells. Shapiro and Olton (1994) also suggested that pattern separation may be facilit ...
Preview Sample 2
... • Plasticity is greatest in young children within whom the hemispheres are not yet completely lateralized. • Aging eventually leads to a reduction in the number of synapses. • Aging is also associated with a loss of gray matter in the cerebellum. This may be the underlying cause of balance problems ...
... • Plasticity is greatest in young children within whom the hemispheres are not yet completely lateralized. • Aging eventually leads to a reduction in the number of synapses. • Aging is also associated with a loss of gray matter in the cerebellum. This may be the underlying cause of balance problems ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
VALUE-DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE BRAIN: SIMULATION IN
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
... to the value system itself was shown to significantly improve behavioral performance. This plasticity also allowed learning of a simulated auditory discrimination task when a visual stimulus was used as a secondary reinforcer, even when the visual stimulus proper did not elicit any intrinsic or inna ...
PDF - Stanford University
... weeks later, participants were asked to recall as many of these film clips as possible. The number of recalled films was found to be positively correlated with the relative level of glucose metabolism in the right amygdala; importantly, this relation was obtained only for the emotional ...
... weeks later, participants were asked to recall as many of these film clips as possible. The number of recalled films was found to be positively correlated with the relative level of glucose metabolism in the right amygdala; importantly, this relation was obtained only for the emotional ...
Cortex, Cognition and the Cell: New Insights into the Pyramidal
... centuries by theologians, philosophers and scientists alike. In his best-selling book, An Astonishing Hypothesis: A Scientific Search for the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or les ...
... centuries by theologians, philosophers and scientists alike. In his best-selling book, An Astonishing Hypothesis: A Scientific Search for the Soul, Francis Crick refined the view that these qualities are determined solely by cortical cells and circuitry. Put simply, cognition is nothing more, or les ...
Central nervous System Lesions Leading to Disability
... Human motor systems may produce either a change in muscle length and result with change in joint angles, as when we reach for an object, or merely a change in tension, as when we tighten our grasp on an object already within our hand. To accomplish these different goals, the motor systems must take ...
... Human motor systems may produce either a change in muscle length and result with change in joint angles, as when we reach for an object, or merely a change in tension, as when we tighten our grasp on an object already within our hand. To accomplish these different goals, the motor systems must take ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
... in a 10×10-mm area around the center of the recording cylinder. The electrodes were advanced through the intact dura by a hydraulic microdrive. Signals were conventionally amplified, band-pass filtered, and digitally stored for off-line analysis. Extracellular responses were collected either while t ...
Autism and the development of face processing
... upright faces, although group differences in strategy emerged for upside-down faces [57]. Similarly, others have reported that individuals with ASD look with normal frequency toward caregivers [58], or at a person’s face when attention is drawn [59,60]. The divergence among these data may reflect a co ...
... upright faces, although group differences in strategy emerged for upside-down faces [57]. Similarly, others have reported that individuals with ASD look with normal frequency toward caregivers [58], or at a person’s face when attention is drawn [59,60]. The divergence among these data may reflect a co ...
THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION Ralph F
... Memory and behavior. Impairment of memory (amnesia) may be caused by injury to several different regions of the thalamus, including the anterior or dorsomedial nucleus, as well as the intralaminar or midline nuclei. Disruption of the tract from the mammillary bodies to the thalamus may also contribu ...
... Memory and behavior. Impairment of memory (amnesia) may be caused by injury to several different regions of the thalamus, including the anterior or dorsomedial nucleus, as well as the intralaminar or midline nuclei. Disruption of the tract from the mammillary bodies to the thalamus may also contribu ...
Principles of Neural Science
... store, which the busie and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, From Experience. In that all of our Knowledge is founded; and from that it ultimately derives itself. It was thi ...
... store, which the busie and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, From Experience. In that all of our Knowledge is founded; and from that it ultimately derives itself. It was thi ...
Conditioned and unconditioned regulation of human activity
... Braking of conditioned reflexes is possible since the first days of life of the child, basically with the help of external braking. At children of the first year of life both external and internal braking easily arises. Long action of irritant can brakes even rough reaction. Immaturity of the brai ...
... Braking of conditioned reflexes is possible since the first days of life of the child, basically with the help of external braking. At children of the first year of life both external and internal braking easily arises. Long action of irritant can brakes even rough reaction. Immaturity of the brai ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... to be composed of two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The reason for designating two distinct divisions is to make the study of the nervous system easier. In this chapter, we discuss the part of the nervous system that lies at the center of ...
... to be composed of two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The reason for designating two distinct divisions is to make the study of the nervous system easier. In this chapter, we discuss the part of the nervous system that lies at the center of ...
Opposite Effects of Amphetamine Self
... basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein et al., 2002; Franklin et al., 2002; Matochik et al., 2003). Fu ...
... basal and drug-induced changes in metabolic activity (Volkow et al., 1992; Paulus et al., 2002; Adinoff et al., 2003; Bolla et al., 2003), DA receptor levels (Volkow et al., 1993; London et al., 2000) and gray matter volume in OFC (Fein et al., 2002; Franklin et al., 2002; Matochik et al., 2003). Fu ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.