Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
... found that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex show higher activation when expecting a small piece of apple than when expecting cereal. However, when in another trial block the cereal is replaced by a piece of raisin that is even more preferred by the animal, the same neurons show higher activity fo ...
Reading therapy strengthens top–down
... recordings were acquired in an anechoic chamber by a single female speaker, and the sound files were normalized for mean amplitude. Patients were required only to attend to the word pairs. The brief presentation duration was employed to suppress a letter-by-letter reading strategy: although 500 ms i ...
... recordings were acquired in an anechoic chamber by a single female speaker, and the sound files were normalized for mean amplitude. Patients were required only to attend to the word pairs. The brief presentation duration was employed to suppress a letter-by-letter reading strategy: although 500 ms i ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
Print this article - University of Toronto Journal of Undergraduate Life
... periods of levodopa exposure [19, 24]. In addition to experimental investigations, numerous observational studies have shown that the severity and the duration of PD, the duration of levodopa therapy and high initial dose of levodopa are major risk factors associated with LIDs [20, 25, 26]. All toge ...
... periods of levodopa exposure [19, 24]. In addition to experimental investigations, numerous observational studies have shown that the severity and the duration of PD, the duration of levodopa therapy and high initial dose of levodopa are major risk factors associated with LIDs [20, 25, 26]. All toge ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... with this experimental approach were concerned with dramatic changes in affectiveaggressive reactions of animals following complete or partial decortication (Bard, 1928; Kluver and Bucy, 1937). In decorticate cats and dogs Bard observed "rage-like" reactions,.designated "sham" rage, readily provoked ...
... with this experimental approach were concerned with dramatic changes in affectiveaggressive reactions of animals following complete or partial decortication (Bard, 1928; Kluver and Bucy, 1937). In decorticate cats and dogs Bard observed "rage-like" reactions,.designated "sham" rage, readily provoked ...
Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative
... the computer screen. The to-be-learned material was then displayed. The Armenian letters and the syllables were arbitrarily mapped, with a different mapping for each participant. On each trial, an Armenian letter was displayed on the screen for 2 sec. The paired auditory syllable occurred with a sti ...
... the computer screen. The to-be-learned material was then displayed. The Armenian letters and the syllables were arbitrarily mapped, with a different mapping for each participant. On each trial, an Armenian letter was displayed on the screen for 2 sec. The paired auditory syllable occurred with a sti ...
Stereoscopic Processing of Absolute and Relative Disparity in
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
... signal should be a consequence of the reduction in response from adapted neurons selective for the attribute being tested. The major advantage of this approach is that it targets specific subpopulations of neurons, as response differences can be referred back to adaptation-tagged neurons (Grill-Spec ...
The epistemic value of brain-machine systems for the study of the
... Indeed, after a short learning period, the monkeys became relatively proficient in brain-controlling the cursor, both directly (Figure 2) and indirectly (Figure 3). The authors note that, at the very beginning of the “brain control” phase, arm movements were still produced even though they were no ...
... Indeed, after a short learning period, the monkeys became relatively proficient in brain-controlling the cursor, both directly (Figure 2) and indirectly (Figure 3). The authors note that, at the very beginning of the “brain control” phase, arm movements were still produced even though they were no ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... from the amygdala, associated with emotional memory, and from medial temporal and thalamic structures associated with long-term memory. Prefrontal cortices are linked with motor control structures related to their specific roles in central executive functions. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas project ...
... from the amygdala, associated with emotional memory, and from medial temporal and thalamic structures associated with long-term memory. Prefrontal cortices are linked with motor control structures related to their specific roles in central executive functions. Caudal lateral prefrontal areas project ...
Z-Score LORETA Neurofeedback as a Potential Therapy for ADHD
... or 7, and affects four times more boys than girls. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (easily distracted or bored, difficulty focusing, not following instructions), hyperactivity (inability to stay still), and impulsivity (impatient, inappropriate). Symptoms may vary from person to person, making ...
... or 7, and affects four times more boys than girls. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (easily distracted or bored, difficulty focusing, not following instructions), hyperactivity (inability to stay still), and impulsivity (impatient, inappropriate). Symptoms may vary from person to person, making ...
Do cortical areas emerge from a protocottex?
... originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of projection neuron from which they arise54'55'57; the subset retained in the adult varies between areas. The ou ...
... originally elaborates. Although just a subset is retained by a given area, these early, widespread projections are made only to specific sets of targets appropriate for the general class of projection neuron from which they arise54'55'57; the subset retained in the adult varies between areas. The ou ...
Musical rhythm spectra
... Quartet Op. 18. No. 1 (score, Upper). The representation shown is schematic: actual durations were extracted from the Humdrum kern format (Materials and Methods). (B) (Left) The spectrum of the rhythm raster from A has power that decays linearly (in a log-scale) with frequency as 1/f (gray dots). Th ...
... Quartet Op. 18. No. 1 (score, Upper). The representation shown is schematic: actual durations were extracted from the Humdrum kern format (Materials and Methods). (B) (Left) The spectrum of the rhythm raster from A has power that decays linearly (in a log-scale) with frequency as 1/f (gray dots). Th ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... advance and are supplemented by techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a picture of human PPC function is emerging that is compatible with monkey neurophysiology and at times makes new advances. The purpose of this review is to summarize these re ...
... advance and are supplemented by techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a picture of human PPC function is emerging that is compatible with monkey neurophysiology and at times makes new advances. The purpose of this review is to summarize these re ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... to gratings of a range of different contrasts, in the presence or absence of extraclassical stimuli, with V1 either intact or ablated. To characterize how different extraclassical stimuli modulated the activity of LGN neurons, the Michaelis-Menten equation was fitted to response versus contrast func ...
... to gratings of a range of different contrasts, in the presence or absence of extraclassical stimuli, with V1 either intact or ablated. To characterize how different extraclassical stimuli modulated the activity of LGN neurons, the Michaelis-Menten equation was fitted to response versus contrast func ...
Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
... world objects can be grasped in many different ways depending on the situation. It is not clear how PMv circuits could flexibly link either the same action to multiple objects or multiple actions to the same object. In this study, we used multielectrode arrays to record neural ensemble activity in P ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Spatial generalization from learning dynamics of
... holding the handle of a manipulandum. The location of their hand was displayed directly above their hand via a video projector on a horizontal screen that was mounted at ⬍1 cm above the handle. B, Performance was measured in three small work spaces, each a semicircle of radius 10 cm. When the hand w ...
... holding the handle of a manipulandum. The location of their hand was displayed directly above their hand via a video projector on a horizontal screen that was mounted at ⬍1 cm above the handle. B, Performance was measured in three small work spaces, each a semicircle of radius 10 cm. When the hand w ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.