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funding for- profit social enterprises
funding for- profit social enterprises

An Investigation into the Impact of Debt Financing
An Investigation into the Impact of Debt Financing

... return to shareholders whilst the use of equity does not enjoy such benefit. Besides the tax advantage, cost of debt is generally low as compared to equity due to the lower risk associated with debt as debt holders has the first claim in the case of insolvency (Damodaran, 1999:103). Debt also makes ...
Report
Report

... Payment system – operational arrangement that enables individuals and institutions to transfer funds Settlement system – enables transfer of securities and cash to settle trades Liquidity system – inter-bank lending, repos, etc. ...
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Bulgaria
Financial Development and Economic Growth in Bulgaria

... example, several bankers complained that business owners who request credit are reluctant to provide information about their business. They are concerned that the banks will pass this information to the ir competitors or that the bank inspector him/herself will take advantage of the project idea. Al ...
Greene County Bancorp 10K - The Bank of Greene County
Greene County Bancorp 10K - The Bank of Greene County

... interest income to that of another institution or in analyzing any institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in ...
SPIRE INC (Form: 424B2, Received: 02/23/2017 15:27:05)
SPIRE INC (Form: 424B2, Received: 02/23/2017 15:27:05)

... In our Gas Marketing segment, we continue to invest in contractual pipeline and storage assets and experienced personnel necessary to provide a competitive alternative for reliable natural gas supply to wholesale and other large commercial and industrial users of natural gas located in the central U ...
Managing Risks and Designing Products for Agricultural
Managing Risks and Designing Products for Agricultural

... and other calamities affect the yield of crops— substantially in extreme cases. For example, in 2003 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that the third successive year of widespread crop failures in Malawi (due to excessive rains, floods, hailstorms, and in some areas ...
ALMADEN MINERALS LTD
ALMADEN MINERALS LTD

... acquired 100% of the Elk gold deposit in Merritt, British Columbia and Almaden retains a 2% NSR (“Net Smelter Return”) royalty in the project. Under the terms of the agreement, Almaden received 35 million common shares of Gold Mountain and recorded a gain on sale in the amount of $4,122,166 and mana ...
WellsTrade Customer Account Transfer
WellsTrade Customer Account Transfer

Bank leverage and monetary policy`s risk-taking - ECB
Bank leverage and monetary policy`s risk-taking - ECB

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

... cash generated from the Company's initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock. Interest expense, which is allocated among all categories of costs and expenses, was less than $50,000 in both 1995 and 1994. The Company's effective tax rate increased to 43.5% in 1995 from 40.5% in 1994. This in ...
Fiscal Year July 1, 2011 - June 30, 2012
Fiscal Year July 1, 2011 - June 30, 2012

The Equity Premium Stock and Bond Returns since 1802
The Equity Premium Stock and Bond Returns since 1802

... invested in various asset classes in The average nominal arithmetic 1802 would have accumulated to (or mean) return on stocks is 9.0 by the end of 1990. These series per cent per year over the entire are referred to as total return period. Although this can be inindexes, because they assume terprete ...
Bonds Payable
Bonds Payable

...  To provide greater security for bondholders, the bond agreement may specify that the issuing corporation make annual deposits of cash into a special fund—called a sinking fund—to be used to pay off the bond issue when it comes due.  The sinking fund may be controlled by either the corporation or ...
The use of intangible assets as loan collateral
The use of intangible assets as loan collateral

M - About TELUS
M - About TELUS

... Preliminary 2010E capex outlook ($B) ...
HD VIEW 360 INC.
HD VIEW 360 INC.

... The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertain Income Tax Positions. When tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the p ...
issue price: 101%
issue price: 101%

... recommendation by the Issuer to enter into any transaction with respect to the Securities. Each prospective investor contemplating a purchase of the Securities should make its own independent investigation of the risks associated with a transaction involving the Securities. An investment in the Secu ...
The Determinants of the Bank`s Excess Liquidity and the Credit Crisis
The Determinants of the Bank`s Excess Liquidity and the Credit Crisis

Exchange Rate Risk and Interest Rate: A Case
Exchange Rate Risk and Interest Rate: A Case

Portfolio Optimisation - Hearthstone Investments
Portfolio Optimisation - Hearthstone Investments

... Ref: August 2012 ...
Active Equity Risk - University of California Regents
Active Equity Risk - University of California Regents

... ‹ Measures of risk are estimates of volatility, and show the amount by which asset values could increase or decrease over a given time period ‹ Portfolio risk measures are based on the volatility of each security, the size of each position, and the degree to which security prices move together ‹ Uni ...
Interest Tax Shield Benefit
Interest Tax Shield Benefit

... Stockholder-Manager Agency Costs – occur to the extent that if the incentives of the managers are not perfectly identical to those of the stockholders, managers will make some decisions that benefit themselves at the expense of the stockholders. Using debt financing provides managers with incentives ...
How to assess a manager recovery skill - ORBi
How to assess a manager recovery skill - ORBi

... In this section, we compare the ranking of all the risk measures we have selected with each others. We compute the risk measures for the 4,136 mutual funds in our data set over the entire period (January 2000 to March 2010). We then rank the mutual funds according to their level of risk for each ris ...
Asset Pricing Theory with an Imprecise Information Set
Asset Pricing Theory with an Imprecise Information Set

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Securitization

Securitization is the financial practice of pooling various types of contractual debt such as residential mortgages, commercial mortgages, auto loans or credit card debt obligations (or other non-debt assets which generate receivables) and selling their related cash flows to third party investors as securities, which may be described as bonds, pass-through securities, or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Investors are repaid from the principal and interest cash flows collected from the underlying debt and redistributed through the capital structure of the new financing. Securities backed by mortgage receivables are called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), while those backed by other types of receivables are asset-backed securities (ABS).Critics have suggested that the complexity inherent in securitization can limit investors' ability to monitor risk, and that competitive securitization markets with multiple securitizers may be particularly prone to sharp declines in underwriting standards. Private, competitive mortgage securitization is believed to have played an important role in the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, off-balance sheet treatment for securitizations coupled with guarantees from the issuer can hide the extent of leverage of the securitizing firm, thereby facilitating risky capital structures and leading to an under-pricing of credit risk. Off-balance sheet securitizations are believed to have played a large role in the high leverage level of U.S. financial institutions before the financial crisis, and the need for bailouts.The granularity of pools of securitized assets can mitigate the credit risk of individual borrowers. Unlike general corporate debt, the credit quality of securitized debt is non-stationary due to changes in volatility that are time- and structure-dependent. If the transaction is properly structured and the pool performs as expected, the credit risk of all tranches of structured debt improves; if improperly structured, the affected tranches may experience dramatic credit deterioration and loss.Securitization has evolved from its beginnings in the late 18th century to an estimated outstanding of $10.24 trillion in the United States and $2.25 trillion in Europe as of the 2nd quarter of 2008. In 2007, ABS issuance amounted to $3.455 trillion in the US and $652 billion in Europe. WBS (Whole Business Securitization) arrangements first appeared in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and became common in various Commonwealth legal systems where senior creditors of an insolvent business effectively gain the right to control the company.
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