FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... and tufted cells to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another Granule cells have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells ...
... and tufted cells to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another Granule cells have no axons and make reciprocal synapses with lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells ...
J.H. Meijer, S. Michel, M.J. Vansteensel
... correlation of a change in membrane properties with an increase in mper1 expression could be demonstrated on a single cell level (Quintero et al., 2003). In this minireview, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of light on the mammalian circadian system and illustrate some of the tec ...
... correlation of a change in membrane properties with an increase in mper1 expression could be demonstrated on a single cell level (Quintero et al., 2003). In this minireview, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of light on the mammalian circadian system and illustrate some of the tec ...
Recombinant AAV-mediated gene delivery to the central nervous
... at high concentrations on neurons, preventing diffusion at distance from the injection site. Convection-enhanced delivery, consisting of applying a pressure gradient during infusion of the viral suspension through the brain parenchyma, was also shown to increase viral spread and transduction efficie ...
... at high concentrations on neurons, preventing diffusion at distance from the injection site. Convection-enhanced delivery, consisting of applying a pressure gradient during infusion of the viral suspension through the brain parenchyma, was also shown to increase viral spread and transduction efficie ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... understanding of agent goals and intentional action are related to mirror neuron activity only insofar as the process of understanding an intentional action necessarily involves the capability of assigning a “structural description” to the action. In particular, we argue that mirror activity is invo ...
... understanding of agent goals and intentional action are related to mirror neuron activity only insofar as the process of understanding an intentional action necessarily involves the capability of assigning a “structural description” to the action. In particular, we argue that mirror activity is invo ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... relation of oscillatory activity to general principles that govern visual processing in IT. These issues are taken up in the present paper. In this study, we have used a simulation-based approach to characterize oscillatory activity and related phenomena in networks consisting of populations of neur ...
... relation of oscillatory activity to general principles that govern visual processing in IT. These issues are taken up in the present paper. In this study, we have used a simulation-based approach to characterize oscillatory activity and related phenomena in networks consisting of populations of neur ...
Click here for Biopsychology information pack
... its axon, it has travelled as an action potential, or a pulse of electricity. However, there is no cellular continuity between one neuron and the next; there is a gap called synapse. The membranes of the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons are separated from each other by the fluidfilled synaptic ...
... its axon, it has travelled as an action potential, or a pulse of electricity. However, there is no cellular continuity between one neuron and the next; there is a gap called synapse. The membranes of the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons are separated from each other by the fluidfilled synaptic ...
It`s Got A Beat, and You Can Think to It
... If beta is better than gamma, why is gamma so prevalent in the nervous system? An answer, it turns out, depends on the question “better for what?” Long-distance communication is one criterion; the formation of so-called cell assemblies is another. A cell assembly is a collection of neurons whose syn ...
... If beta is better than gamma, why is gamma so prevalent in the nervous system? An answer, it turns out, depends on the question “better for what?” Long-distance communication is one criterion; the formation of so-called cell assemblies is another. A cell assembly is a collection of neurons whose syn ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Þ A concentration of nervous tissue in many animals forms a brain, an information-processing centre Þ Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system, they receive nerve impulses from other neurons via the cell body and dendrites Þ There are various types of glia, which help nourish, insulate, and ...
... Þ A concentration of nervous tissue in many animals forms a brain, an information-processing centre Þ Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system, they receive nerve impulses from other neurons via the cell body and dendrites Þ There are various types of glia, which help nourish, insulate, and ...
Neurobiologically Inspired Robotics: Enhanced Autonomy through
... how sequential organization of tasks can be acquired from social learning interactions with people, Sousa and colleagues presented a model that was inspired by the hypothesis that the nervous system uses the off-line re-activation of initial memory traces to incrementally incorporate new information ...
... how sequential organization of tasks can be acquired from social learning interactions with people, Sousa and colleagues presented a model that was inspired by the hypothesis that the nervous system uses the off-line re-activation of initial memory traces to incrementally incorporate new information ...
Biological Psychology Basic Structure of a Neuron 1. What are the
... a. Cells that process incoming signals and respond by sending out signals of their own and are considered the basic building blocks of the brain’s anatomy are called neurons b. Cells that aid in the transferring of a signal and help keep the basic structure of the nervous system intact and are neces ...
... a. Cells that process incoming signals and respond by sending out signals of their own and are considered the basic building blocks of the brain’s anatomy are called neurons b. Cells that aid in the transferring of a signal and help keep the basic structure of the nervous system intact and are neces ...
ECM Proteins Influence Cell Morphology and Function in Rat Neural
... sequences bind specific cell surface receptors, collagens, proteoglycans, or other ECMs. Adhesion molecules in the nervous system are involved in axon elongation and mediate interactions between growth cones and substrates. In addition to HFN and LM, the glycoproteins N-cadherin, NCAM, and other mem ...
... sequences bind specific cell surface receptors, collagens, proteoglycans, or other ECMs. Adhesion molecules in the nervous system are involved in axon elongation and mediate interactions between growth cones and substrates. In addition to HFN and LM, the glycoproteins N-cadherin, NCAM, and other mem ...
Artificial Neural Networks
... capabilities can improve the performance of an intelligent system over time. The most popular approaches to machine learning are artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. This lecture is dedicated to neural networks. ...
... capabilities can improve the performance of an intelligent system over time. The most popular approaches to machine learning are artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms. This lecture is dedicated to neural networks. ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... interval of 24 h, to a complete autopsy, including examination of the placental disk, umbilical cord and membranes in perinatal deaths. In all cases an in-depth histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Researc ...
... interval of 24 h, to a complete autopsy, including examination of the placental disk, umbilical cord and membranes in perinatal deaths. In all cases an in-depth histological examination of the autonomic nervous system was made, according to the protocol routinely followed by the ‘‘Lino Rossi Researc ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
... Image-Pro Plus software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD) to measure fluorescence intensity relative to background (adjacent non-TH region). For each group of wake-active neurons, the total number of nucleated wake neurons on all relevant sections were counted, and the percentage of these neuro ...
Neural Mechanisms of Bias and Sensitivity in Hiroshi Nishida Muneyoshi Takahashi
... Hiroshi Nishida1 , Muneyoshi Takahashi2 , Gary D. Bird3 , and Jan Lauwereyns4 , Non-members ABSTRACT Animals perceive stimuli in their environment and are required to make motor responses according to this perception. The perception-to-action mechanisms rely on the accumulation of neural activity in ...
... Hiroshi Nishida1 , Muneyoshi Takahashi2 , Gary D. Bird3 , and Jan Lauwereyns4 , Non-members ABSTRACT Animals perceive stimuli in their environment and are required to make motor responses according to this perception. The perception-to-action mechanisms rely on the accumulation of neural activity in ...
Representations in the Human Prefrontal Cortex
... in the temporal organization of speech and behavior. It distinguishes between PFC representations and processing but asserts that the PFC is both a permanent memory store and the site of processes such as working memory, attention, monitoring, and planning. (See Wood & Grafman, 2003, for further dis ...
... in the temporal organization of speech and behavior. It distinguishes between PFC representations and processing but asserts that the PFC is both a permanent memory store and the site of processes such as working memory, attention, monitoring, and planning. (See Wood & Grafman, 2003, for further dis ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... neurons combine to form local circuits and to exhibit the function of each cortical area. We will discuss some new methodological innovations that tackle these challenges. Keywords: inferior temporal cortex; pair-association memory; prefrontal cortex; top-down signal; fMRI of macaque monkeys; local ...
... neurons combine to form local circuits and to exhibit the function of each cortical area. We will discuss some new methodological innovations that tackle these challenges. Keywords: inferior temporal cortex; pair-association memory; prefrontal cortex; top-down signal; fMRI of macaque monkeys; local ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
... A total of 106 cells were recorded in the intraparietal sulcus of two left hemispheres of two macaque monkeys in response to various visual, vestibular, and oculomotor paradigms, and active-passive head-movement comparisons. Posterior Parietal Vestibular Neurons during Pursuit Head Movements Posteri ...
PhD Thesis - Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Development
... cell-type-specific promoters and by cell-type-specific antibodies and were scored via multiplex cytofluorometry and immunocytofluorescence. A detailed picture of Emx2 and Foxg1 activities in cortico-cerebral histogenesis resulted from this study. Unexpectedly, we found that both genes inhibit glioge ...
... cell-type-specific promoters and by cell-type-specific antibodies and were scored via multiplex cytofluorometry and immunocytofluorescence. A detailed picture of Emx2 and Foxg1 activities in cortico-cerebral histogenesis resulted from this study. Unexpectedly, we found that both genes inhibit glioge ...
This is all we can do!
... energy used in neurons and muscle cells maintaining resting potential • Sodium-potassium “pump” actively moves + ions out of cell so that inside cell is -70mV relative to outside • Happens at sub-microscopic molecular level (“pump” is protein structures in cell membrane) • Happens at micro-time scal ...
... energy used in neurons and muscle cells maintaining resting potential • Sodium-potassium “pump” actively moves + ions out of cell so that inside cell is -70mV relative to outside • Happens at sub-microscopic molecular level (“pump” is protein structures in cell membrane) • Happens at micro-time scal ...
Serotonin synaptic receptors in the mammalian central
... application of 5-HT or d-LSD but are not altered appreciably by 2-bromo-LSD, a psychedelically inactive LSD analogue (2, 14). Forebrain neurons that received anatomically and physiologically defined 5HT input from the raphe nuclei are also inhibited by exogenously applied 5-HT; d-LSD is weaker as an ...
... application of 5-HT or d-LSD but are not altered appreciably by 2-bromo-LSD, a psychedelically inactive LSD analogue (2, 14). Forebrain neurons that received anatomically and physiologically defined 5HT input from the raphe nuclei are also inhibited by exogenously applied 5-HT; d-LSD is weaker as an ...
Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits
... the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) has been considered to be primarily involved in the behavioural expression of conditioned fear responses. CEA output neurons, most of which are located in its medial subdivision (CEm), project to downstream targets in the brainstem and in the hypothalamus wh ...
... the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) has been considered to be primarily involved in the behavioural expression of conditioned fear responses. CEA output neurons, most of which are located in its medial subdivision (CEm), project to downstream targets in the brainstem and in the hypothalamus wh ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.