Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
... Feedback to the apical dendrite might be used to modify learning in the basal dendrite so as to refine the receptive fields of nodes (Rolls and Treves, 1998). Apical inputs could thus act to coordinate learning between regions. Even when learning is unsupervised, the apical inputs to a particular re ...
Chapter 12: Nervous System III: Senses
... b. The osseous labyrinth is a bony canal in the temporal bone. c. The membranous labyrinth is a tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth and has a similar shape. d. Perilymph is located in osseous labyrinth. e. Endolymph is located in membranous labyrinth. f. The three parts of the labyrinths are ...
... b. The osseous labyrinth is a bony canal in the temporal bone. c. The membranous labyrinth is a tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth and has a similar shape. d. Perilymph is located in osseous labyrinth. e. Endolymph is located in membranous labyrinth. f. The three parts of the labyrinths are ...
unit 3 study sheet - El Camino College
... other structures serve to protect the CNS? 7. What is the difference between gray and white matter? Information covered in lecture 1. What are the metabolic requirements of neural tissue? 2. What is the organization of the spinal cord and how do afferent and efferent signals travel? 3. What are the ...
... other structures serve to protect the CNS? 7. What is the difference between gray and white matter? Information covered in lecture 1. What are the metabolic requirements of neural tissue? 2. What is the organization of the spinal cord and how do afferent and efferent signals travel? 3. What are the ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... and the oscillation frequency of individual place cells was faster than that of the simultaneously recorded LFP theta (Fig. 1D). As reported previously (9, 11, 20, 22, 23), the theta-scale time lag (τ) and the distance between the preferred locations of cell pairs were correlated (Fig. 1 E and F). T ...
... and the oscillation frequency of individual place cells was faster than that of the simultaneously recorded LFP theta (Fig. 1D). As reported previously (9, 11, 20, 22, 23), the theta-scale time lag (τ) and the distance between the preferred locations of cell pairs were correlated (Fig. 1 E and F). T ...
Ncbo-anatomy-2006-intro
... application ontology • The same artefact (i.e. file) is used for both ontology editing and data annotation • This has worked reasonably well until now • We may encourage making a distinction – application views (aka GO slims) • currently only used to present a very small subset of GO • consider wide ...
... application ontology • The same artefact (i.e. file) is used for both ontology editing and data annotation • This has worked reasonably well until now • We may encourage making a distinction – application views (aka GO slims) • currently only used to present a very small subset of GO • consider wide ...
Article PDF
... from Charles Rivers Laboratories (Wilmington, M A). Pregnancies were timed from the day after breeding (E0). Birth usually occurred on E21. Surgical procedures and injection of the retroviral supernatant into the lateral ventricles of the fetal rat brains are described in detail elsewhere (Walsh and ...
... from Charles Rivers Laboratories (Wilmington, M A). Pregnancies were timed from the day after breeding (E0). Birth usually occurred on E21. Surgical procedures and injection of the retroviral supernatant into the lateral ventricles of the fetal rat brains are described in detail elsewhere (Walsh and ...
Chorioamnionitis induced by intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide
... kept at 4°C in the dark. Flow cytometry All samples were run on an FACScalibur flow cytometry system (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), equipped with an argon ion laser (488 nm). Analysis was done using the Cell Quest Pro software (BD Biosciences). Forward and sideward light angle scatters were collect ...
... kept at 4°C in the dark. Flow cytometry All samples were run on an FACScalibur flow cytometry system (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), equipped with an argon ion laser (488 nm). Analysis was done using the Cell Quest Pro software (BD Biosciences). Forward and sideward light angle scatters were collect ...
The Psychopathology of Pain
... – This non-opioid receptor activity is also implicated in opioid reward, craving and withdrawal – As well as opioid-induced hyperalgesia ...
... – This non-opioid receptor activity is also implicated in opioid reward, craving and withdrawal – As well as opioid-induced hyperalgesia ...
Cortical inputs to the CA1 field of the monkey hippocampus originate
... the demonstration of anterogradely transported label and will be used to illustrate the terminal field of CA 1 cortical afferents. The cytoarchitectonic organization of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices has been described previously [I, 3]. The border between areas 36 or TF and the lateral ...
... the demonstration of anterogradely transported label and will be used to illustrate the terminal field of CA 1 cortical afferents. The cytoarchitectonic organization of the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices has been described previously [I, 3]. The border between areas 36 or TF and the lateral ...
Learning by localized plastic adaptation in recurrent neural networks
... Since there is no evidence that a neural network can transfer feedback information antidromically, such a signal should propagate through the extracellular space. A feedback signal to change the strength of synapses in a larger region could possibly be delivered by monamine releasing neurons. It is ...
... Since there is no evidence that a neural network can transfer feedback information antidromically, such a signal should propagate through the extracellular space. A feedback signal to change the strength of synapses in a larger region could possibly be delivered by monamine releasing neurons. It is ...
PDF
... that human NSCs grafts in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A rats and mice as well as in nontransgenic rodents with or without experimental lesions differentiate extensively into neurons. In SOD1 G93A rodents, these NSCs grafts protect motor neurons from degeneration, delay disease onset, and prolong life ...
... that human NSCs grafts in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A rats and mice as well as in nontransgenic rodents with or without experimental lesions differentiate extensively into neurons. In SOD1 G93A rodents, these NSCs grafts protect motor neurons from degeneration, delay disease onset, and prolong life ...
The spinal trigeminal nucleus — considerations on the
... Large neurons (average 22 µ) are also found at this level and are pear-shaped, fusiform, multipolar or bipolar in appearance. The large multipolar neurons send out dendrites externally connected to neighbouring small neurons of the magnocellular core and project the axon internally to be incorporate ...
... Large neurons (average 22 µ) are also found at this level and are pear-shaped, fusiform, multipolar or bipolar in appearance. The large multipolar neurons send out dendrites externally connected to neighbouring small neurons of the magnocellular core and project the axon internally to be incorporate ...
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
... Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the ...
... Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the ...
Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue Nervous
... à Module 12.1: Overview of the Central Nervous System ...
... à Module 12.1: Overview of the Central Nervous System ...
Regular Spiking and Intrinsic Bursting Pyramidal Cells
... cells (Beaver et al., 2001; Diamond et al., 1994; Erchova et al., 2003; Wilbrecht et al., 2010). Conversely, most of the studies on structural plasticity to date have investigated spine plasticity of LV neurons (Hofer et al., 2009; Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Wilbrecht et al., 2010). LV is a major ou ...
... cells (Beaver et al., 2001; Diamond et al., 1994; Erchova et al., 2003; Wilbrecht et al., 2010). Conversely, most of the studies on structural plasticity to date have investigated spine plasticity of LV neurons (Hofer et al., 2009; Trachtenberg et al., 2002; Wilbrecht et al., 2010). LV is a major ou ...
Action potential
... Can have complex effects on perception, motor control, and emotional states ...
... Can have complex effects on perception, motor control, and emotional states ...
Topography of Modular Subunits in the Mushroom Bodies of the
... pedunculus and then bifurcate to form the a and the b lobes. At the pedunculus and the lobes, Kenyon cells make synaptic connections with dendrites of extrinsic (output) neurons. Previously, we reported that the a lobe of the cockroach MB consists of repetitive modular subunits (Mizunami et al. [199 ...
... pedunculus and then bifurcate to form the a and the b lobes. At the pedunculus and the lobes, Kenyon cells make synaptic connections with dendrites of extrinsic (output) neurons. Previously, we reported that the a lobe of the cockroach MB consists of repetitive modular subunits (Mizunami et al. [199 ...
Hebbian modification of a hippocampal population
... Because intracellular stimulation of a single neuron could not be achieved in freely moving animals we chose to use very low intensity microstimulation to activate a circumscribed group of cells. In this method, recording tetrodes were placed close to the cell bodies of pyramidal cells. The number o ...
... Because intracellular stimulation of a single neuron could not be achieved in freely moving animals we chose to use very low intensity microstimulation to activate a circumscribed group of cells. In this method, recording tetrodes were placed close to the cell bodies of pyramidal cells. The number o ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experim ...
... neurons were nearly always restricted to the region of overlap of the two populations of single-labeled neurons. We concluded from this observation that the two branches of a bifurcating axon terminate in cortical regions representing the same portion of the visual field. Since then, several experim ...
Stuff and things - Memorial University of Newfoundland
... averaged to reveal changes in brain activity specifically associated with different aspects of cognitive processing. The temporal precision of ERPs is superior to all other currently available neuroimaging techniques. ...
... averaged to reveal changes in brain activity specifically associated with different aspects of cognitive processing. The temporal precision of ERPs is superior to all other currently available neuroimaging techniques. ...
THE SPECIAL SENSES
... receptor cells – To smell a particular odor it must be volatile and it must be dissolved in the fluid coating the olfactory epithelium – Axons of the olfactory receptor cells synapse in the olfactory bulbs sending impulses down the olfactory tracts to the thalamus, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and ot ...
... receptor cells – To smell a particular odor it must be volatile and it must be dissolved in the fluid coating the olfactory epithelium – Axons of the olfactory receptor cells synapse in the olfactory bulbs sending impulses down the olfactory tracts to the thalamus, the hypothalamus, amygdala, and ot ...
Frequency decoding of periodically timed action potentials through
... pitch detection [25,26]. Frequency discrimination through frequency-dependent network activity patterns as proposed here might therefore occur in these laminae. Simultaneous recordings from many interconnected neurons within one lamina would be required for an experimental test of this hypothesis. N ...
... pitch detection [25,26]. Frequency discrimination through frequency-dependent network activity patterns as proposed here might therefore occur in these laminae. Simultaneous recordings from many interconnected neurons within one lamina would be required for an experimental test of this hypothesis. N ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
... to form complex globular synapses called olfactory glomeruli Olfactory bulbs also contain periglomerular cells which are inhibitory neurons connecting one glomerolus to another ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.