Chapter 4: Life is based on molecules with carbon (organic
... 2. variety partially because carbon tends to bond to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus hydrocarbons – contain only hydrogen and carbon single carbon-carbon bonds allow rotation around them and lend flexibility in molecules 3. building of organic macromolecules also leads ...
... 2. variety partially because carbon tends to bond to carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus hydrocarbons – contain only hydrogen and carbon single carbon-carbon bonds allow rotation around them and lend flexibility in molecules 3. building of organic macromolecules also leads ...
Petroleum C Notes
... * P.E.T in polyethylene terephalate (soft drink bottles) * H.D.P.E is high density polyethylene (clear milk jugs, distilled and spring water, punch drink bottles and colored container such as Tide, Downy, Ivory, etc.) ...
... * P.E.T in polyethylene terephalate (soft drink bottles) * H.D.P.E is high density polyethylene (clear milk jugs, distilled and spring water, punch drink bottles and colored container such as Tide, Downy, Ivory, etc.) ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... 4 single covalent bonds 2 single & 1 double covalent bond 2 double covalent bonds 1 single & 1 triple covalent bond ...
... 4 single covalent bonds 2 single & 1 double covalent bond 2 double covalent bonds 1 single & 1 triple covalent bond ...
Biopolymers
... • Literally means ‘water added to carbon” • Contains ONLY carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in empirical formula • Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in empirical formulae is generally 2:1 (i.e. C6H12O6) • Have caloric value of appx. 4 cal/gram • May be used for energy flow or structure ...
... • Literally means ‘water added to carbon” • Contains ONLY carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in empirical formula • Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in empirical formulae is generally 2:1 (i.e. C6H12O6) • Have caloric value of appx. 4 cal/gram • May be used for energy flow or structure ...
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
... One of several organic compounds that have same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangements of atoms around double bond ...
... One of several organic compounds that have same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangements of atoms around double bond ...
End of chapter exercises
... 2. What is the reason for the trend of increasing boiling points seen in compounds 1 to 5? 3. Despite the fact that the length of the carbon chain in compounds 8,9 and 10 is the same, the boiling point of propan-1,2,3-triol is much higher than the boiling point of propan-1-ol. What is responsible fo ...
... 2. What is the reason for the trend of increasing boiling points seen in compounds 1 to 5? 3. Despite the fact that the length of the carbon chain in compounds 8,9 and 10 is the same, the boiling point of propan-1,2,3-triol is much higher than the boiling point of propan-1-ol. What is responsible fo ...
Addition reactions
... formed are split up again into the alcohol and carboxylic acid they are made from. This happens when water reacts with the ester link. This is a hydrolysis reaction. A hydrolysis reaction is one where a large molecule is split into two smaller molecules by reaction with water. When an alcohol reacts ...
... formed are split up again into the alcohol and carboxylic acid they are made from. This happens when water reacts with the ester link. This is a hydrolysis reaction. A hydrolysis reaction is one where a large molecule is split into two smaller molecules by reaction with water. When an alcohol reacts ...
Word - chemmybear.com
... identify the “parent chain” looking at a structural formula give examples of substituted hydrocarbons. draw and name isomers of substituted hydrocarbons. build a model of a double bond using two carbon atoms connected by two springs. demonstrate that double bonds cannot rotate like a singl ...
... identify the “parent chain” looking at a structural formula give examples of substituted hydrocarbons. draw and name isomers of substituted hydrocarbons. build a model of a double bond using two carbon atoms connected by two springs. demonstrate that double bonds cannot rotate like a singl ...
c - kyoussef-mci
... • All living organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon ...
... • All living organisms are made up of chemicals based mostly on the element carbon ...
Organic Chemistry PowerPoint
... group is joined to two other hydrocarbon groups Using the IUPAC system, find the longest hydrocarbon chain that contains the carbonyl group. The “e” ending of the hydrocarbon is replaced by “one”. If the carbonyl group of a ketone could occur at several places on the chain, then its position is desi ...
... group is joined to two other hydrocarbon groups Using the IUPAC system, find the longest hydrocarbon chain that contains the carbonyl group. The “e” ending of the hydrocarbon is replaced by “one”. If the carbonyl group of a ketone could occur at several places on the chain, then its position is desi ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 03 JULY 2014 Lesson Description
... The boiling point of each alcohol is much higher than that of the alkane of comparable relative molecular mass. Explain this observation by referring to the type and strength of the intermolecular forces in alkanes and alcohols. ...
... The boiling point of each alcohol is much higher than that of the alkane of comparable relative molecular mass. Explain this observation by referring to the type and strength of the intermolecular forces in alkanes and alcohols. ...
Alkanes – Molecules w/o functional Groups
... • Go = -RT ln K (in kcal/mol) • Negative Go - release of energy • Free energy change – changes in bond strength (enthalpy H) & degree of order ...
... • Go = -RT ln K (in kcal/mol) • Negative Go - release of energy • Free energy change – changes in bond strength (enthalpy H) & degree of order ...
Pre DP Chemistry 2 Organic Chemistry
... Pearson etext topic 10 fractional distillation of crude oil ...
... Pearson etext topic 10 fractional distillation of crude oil ...
Summary of Organic Compounds -Functional Groups and Reactions
... Summary of Organic Compounds- Functional Groups and Reactions ...
... Summary of Organic Compounds- Functional Groups and Reactions ...
to get Period 2 8
... hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Hydrocarbons are flammable. When hydrocarbons burn they release a great deal of energy. Hydrocarbons are used for fuel in stoves. ...
... hydrocarbons mix poorly with water. Hydrocarbons are flammable. When hydrocarbons burn they release a great deal of energy. Hydrocarbons are used for fuel in stoves. ...
ALCOHOLS - Chemistry Geek
... Step 6: The number can be placed before name or between the parent chain and –ol ...
... Step 6: The number can be placed before name or between the parent chain and –ol ...
Hydrocarbons - Haiku for Ignatius
... The double-single bonds exist in resonance, and are more like a hybrid, or a combination of a double and single bond. The structure is incredibly stable, and is very important in organic reactions. Benzene is also a very important solvent for non-polar chemicals (benzene is to organics as water is t ...
... The double-single bonds exist in resonance, and are more like a hybrid, or a combination of a double and single bond. The structure is incredibly stable, and is very important in organic reactions. Benzene is also a very important solvent for non-polar chemicals (benzene is to organics as water is t ...
Notes - HCC Learning Web
... b) it may be straight, branched, or arranged in closed rings c) some carbon skeletons have double bonds, which vary in number & location. d) atoms of other elements can be bonded to the skeletons at available sites. C. Hydrocarbons 1. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and ...
... b) it may be straight, branched, or arranged in closed rings c) some carbon skeletons have double bonds, which vary in number & location. d) atoms of other elements can be bonded to the skeletons at available sites. C. Hydrocarbons 1. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and ...
Things to remember in the last hour before the
... with a – (5) don’t forget di- (two), tri- (three), tetra- (four). (5) list substituents alphabetically i.e. ethyl before methyl BUT remember dimethyl is “m” and not “d”. Alkanes C-C; alkenes C=C; alkynes C≡C; haloalkanes R-X, primary amines R-NH2; alcohols R-OH, carboxylic acids R-COOH. Isomers (sam ...
... with a – (5) don’t forget di- (two), tri- (three), tetra- (four). (5) list substituents alphabetically i.e. ethyl before methyl BUT remember dimethyl is “m” and not “d”. Alkanes C-C; alkenes C=C; alkynes C≡C; haloalkanes R-X, primary amines R-NH2; alcohols R-OH, carboxylic acids R-COOH. Isomers (sam ...
Tips for Organic Chemistry Success
... Skeletal Structures: carbon atoms at each line junction, assume enough H’s; draw all heteroatoms & their H’s. ...
... Skeletal Structures: carbon atoms at each line junction, assume enough H’s; draw all heteroatoms & their H’s. ...
CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT II MODULE I Alkanes and Alkenes
... Methane, ethane, propane, pentane, octane and an alkane with 32 carbons. 7. Combustion of methane – state the following: Exothermic or endothermic Carbon to hydrogen bond strength Enthalpy of combustion Oxygen to oxygen double bond strength Carbon to oxygen double bond strength Hydroge ...
... Methane, ethane, propane, pentane, octane and an alkane with 32 carbons. 7. Combustion of methane – state the following: Exothermic or endothermic Carbon to hydrogen bond strength Enthalpy of combustion Oxygen to oxygen double bond strength Carbon to oxygen double bond strength Hydroge ...
File
... Functional Groups • To get reactivity out of an organic molecule, functional groups have to be added. • Functional groups control how a molecule functions. • More complicated functional groups contain elements other than C or H (heteroatoms). • Functional group containing molecules can either be sa ...
... Functional Groups • To get reactivity out of an organic molecule, functional groups have to be added. • Functional groups control how a molecule functions. • More complicated functional groups contain elements other than C or H (heteroatoms). • Functional group containing molecules can either be sa ...
Chapter 25. The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
... In straight-chain hydrocarbons the C atoms are joined in a continuous chain. • In a straight-chain hydrocarbon no one C atom may be attached to more than two other C atoms. • Straight chain hydrocarbons are not linear. • Each C atom is tetrahedral, so the chains are bent. Branched-chain hydrocarbons ...
... In straight-chain hydrocarbons the C atoms are joined in a continuous chain. • In a straight-chain hydrocarbon no one C atom may be attached to more than two other C atoms. • Straight chain hydrocarbons are not linear. • Each C atom is tetrahedral, so the chains are bent. Branched-chain hydrocarbons ...
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is a saturated hydrocarbon. Alkanes consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and all bonds are single bonds. Alkanes (technically, always acyclic or open-chain compounds) have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. For example, Methane is CH4, in which n=1 (n being the number of Carbon atoms). Alkanes belong to a homologous series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a molecular mass of 14.03u (mass of a methanediyl group, —CH2—, one carbon atom of mass 12.01u, and two hydrogen atoms of mass ≈1.01u each). There are two main commercial sources: petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas.Each carbon atom has 4 bonds (either C-H or C-C bonds), and each hydrogen atom is joined to a carbon atom (H-C bonds). A series of linked carbon atoms is known as the carbon skeleton or carbon backbone. The number of carbon atoms is used to define the size of the alkane e.g., C2-alkane.An alkyl group, generally abbreviated with the symbol R, is a functional group or side-chain that, like an alkane, consists solely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, for example a methyl or ethyl group.The simplest possible alkane (the parent molecule) is methane, CH4. There is no limit to the number of carbon atoms that can be linked together, the only limitation being that the molecule is acyclic, is saturated, and is a hydrocarbon. Waxes include examples of larger alkanes where the number of carbons in the carbon backbone is greater than about 17, above which the compounds are solids at standard ambient temperature and pressure (SATP).Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity. All alkanes are colourless and odourless. Alkanes can be viewed as a molecular tree upon which can be hung the more biologically active/reactive portions (functional groups) of the molecule.