Study Objectives
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
... 4. Identify and briefly describe experimental approaches used to examine cerebral lateralization in humans. 5. Describe Sperry's and Gazzaniga's work with split-brain patients. What did their results reveal about the functions of the two cerebral hemispheres? 6. Define aphasia and list at least thr ...
High reward expectancy during methylphenidate depresses the
... other systems beyond the striatum that modulate striatal activity and are themselves modulated by dopaminergic manipulations. In our gambling paradigm (Camara et al., 2010), participants chose between two levels of reward amplitude on each trial. Although this choice induced reward expectancy, at fe ...
... other systems beyond the striatum that modulate striatal activity and are themselves modulated by dopaminergic manipulations. In our gambling paradigm (Camara et al., 2010), participants chose between two levels of reward amplitude on each trial. Although this choice induced reward expectancy, at fe ...
6.12 Dorsal and Ventral Streams in the Sense of Touch
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
... The ventral stream – transmitted through the inferotemporal cortex – is the putative ‘what’ pathway. These cortical areas analyze the visual signals to derive cognitive information about the size, shape, and color of the stimulus. These intrinsic properties allow us to recognize such stimuli as dist ...
Atonia-Related Regions in the Rodent Pons and Medulla
... reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical distribution of atonia-inducing stimulation sites in the brain stem of the rat. Muscle atonia could be elicited by electrical stimulation of the nuclei reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis in ...
... reticular formation inhibits muscle tone in cats. In this report, we present an analysis of the anatomical distribution of atonia-inducing stimulation sites in the brain stem of the rat. Muscle atonia could be elicited by electrical stimulation of the nuclei reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis in ...
... In this dissertation we address the issue of understanding the phenomenon of human emotions. To do so we pose the question of how we can construct biologically plausible embodied models of emotions. The motivation to ask this question is based on our strong belief that we can understand the nature o ...
Astrocytes - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... is unknown. Because the ratio of NaⳭ to KⳭ channels is low in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is mor ...
... is unknown. Because the ratio of NaⳭ to KⳭ channels is low in adult astrocytes, these cells are not capable of regenerative electrical responses like the action potential. One consequence of the high KⳭ selectivity of astrocytes, compared to neurons, is that the membrane voltage of astrocytes is mor ...
Table of Contents
... tagged chemicals serve as markers of blood flow or metabolic activity in the brain that are monitored by X-ray – (MRI) magnetic resonance imaging - uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computer enhancement to image brain structure – (fMRI)functional magnetic resonance imaging – RealTable of Conten ...
... tagged chemicals serve as markers of blood flow or metabolic activity in the brain that are monitored by X-ray – (MRI) magnetic resonance imaging - uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and computer enhancement to image brain structure – (fMRI)functional magnetic resonance imaging – RealTable of Conten ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
... Stimulus reduction is an effective way to study visual performance. Cues such as surface characteristics, colour and inner lines can be removed from stimuli, revealing how the change affects recognition and neural processing. An extreme reduction is the removal of the very stimulus, defining it with ...
Processes Changes in Acetylcholine Extracellular Levels
... the most elementary forms of learning. Rats placed in novel environments, either an arena with objects or a Y maze, showed a 150%–200% increase in ACh release from the cerebral cortex (Giovannini et al. 1998). If the rats were placed in the arena for only 2 min, no habituation occurred. However, if ...
... the most elementary forms of learning. Rats placed in novel environments, either an arena with objects or a Y maze, showed a 150%–200% increase in ACh release from the cerebral cortex (Giovannini et al. 1998). If the rats were placed in the arena for only 2 min, no habituation occurred. However, if ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology (2004)
... basis of expectancies of emotionally significant events. Recent human imaging studies support this claim [53]. On the other hand, the anatomical relations among the OFC and sensory regions (discussed later) are consistent with an important role for the OFC’s use of information from a variety of sens ...
... basis of expectancies of emotionally significant events. Recent human imaging studies support this claim [53]. On the other hand, the anatomical relations among the OFC and sensory regions (discussed later) are consistent with an important role for the OFC’s use of information from a variety of sens ...
The neurobiology of Meditation and its clinical effectiveness in
... neurophysiological systems, and on behavioural symptoms in psychiatric disorders. With the increasing growth of well designed and well-controlled Meditation studies, however, future studies will be needed that compare between different Meditation techniques in order to shape out the technique-specifi ...
... neurophysiological systems, and on behavioural symptoms in psychiatric disorders. With the increasing growth of well designed and well-controlled Meditation studies, however, future studies will be needed that compare between different Meditation techniques in order to shape out the technique-specifi ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... fact that psychology and neuroscience are accumulating a huge body of evidence on detailed phenomena related to cognition, brain, and behaviour, but they often fail to produce coherent and unified theoretical accounts of these phenomena. We consider theoretical cumulativity the most significant adde ...
... fact that psychology and neuroscience are accumulating a huge body of evidence on detailed phenomena related to cognition, brain, and behaviour, but they often fail to produce coherent and unified theoretical accounts of these phenomena. We consider theoretical cumulativity the most significant adde ...
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity
... and the amygdala (Gianaros et al., 2008). Importantly, across these prior studies theoretical interest was almost exclusively directed at characterising the neural correlates of exaggerated peripheral stress responses, presumably because of their epidemiological association with markers of disease r ...
... and the amygdala (Gianaros et al., 2008). Importantly, across these prior studies theoretical interest was almost exclusively directed at characterising the neural correlates of exaggerated peripheral stress responses, presumably because of their epidemiological association with markers of disease r ...
Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense
... Division of Human Brain Research, Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan ...
... Division of Human Brain Research, Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan ...
Mercury and the Developing Brain
... Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
... Another extension of the cell body includes dendrites, which extend from the neuron cell Figure 3. The Healthy Neuron ...
Soghomonian J.J., Sethares C., and Peters, A
... Perfection V700 photo scanner using the Epson scan plug-in for Photoshop CS3 and saved as 150dip tif files. These scans were imported into ImageJ 1.40g (Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health) and the areas of the profiles of the terminals and their mitochondria measured and expressed in squar ...
... Perfection V700 photo scanner using the Epson scan plug-in for Photoshop CS3 and saved as 150dip tif files. These scans were imported into ImageJ 1.40g (Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health) and the areas of the profiles of the terminals and their mitochondria measured and expressed in squar ...
Dreaming and narrative theory
... is more than usually true for narratologists. From a narrative point of view, dreaming in itself is both familiar and alien: on the one hand the virtuality of dream experience has long been invoked as the archetypal instance of immersion in a fiction; on the other hand, this same sense of dreamin ...
... is more than usually true for narratologists. From a narrative point of view, dreaming in itself is both familiar and alien: on the one hand the virtuality of dream experience has long been invoked as the archetypal instance of immersion in a fiction; on the other hand, this same sense of dreamin ...
Cover page
... experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesity, binge eating, and other eating disorders. Previous studies support a simple model for hunger-dependent processing of food cues: During states of satiety, food cue information enter ...
... experimentally induced states of hunger modulate neural representations of food cues, and the consequences for obesity, binge eating, and other eating disorders. Previous studies support a simple model for hunger-dependent processing of food cues: During states of satiety, food cue information enter ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
... Abstract—In the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderately severe dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease, donepezil (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent aff ...
Dissertation 20161009 Text Citations
... untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with both highly trustworthy and highly untrustworthy faces. The quadratic response in the amygdala is consistent with two separate, but compatible hypotheses regarding why trustworthiness ...
... untrustworthy faces, most current research suggests a quadratic response, with increased activation associated with both highly trustworthy and highly untrustworthy faces. The quadratic response in the amygdala is consistent with two separate, but compatible hypotheses regarding why trustworthiness ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
... task-selective activity during the localizer scans. To identify these regions for each subject, we modeled the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in the localizer scans using a general linear model (GLM) with separate regressors for face task trials, word task trials, task instructions, an ...
Rewardguided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus
... acquisition of an association between reward and environmental stimuli that predict that reward. For example, in some of the experiments examining the phasic activity of DA cells elicited by reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and sub ...
... acquisition of an association between reward and environmental stimuli that predict that reward. For example, in some of the experiments examining the phasic activity of DA cells elicited by reward, monkeys were trained to associate a stimulus with the delivery of juice (Waelti et al., 2001) and sub ...
Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis
... the hippocampal circuitry. However, the incorporation of AHN into current concepts of hippocampal network function and behaviour is complex. Learning and memory The implication of AHN in learning and memory is supported by some correlative and ablation studies, as well as by computational modelling. ...
... the hippocampal circuitry. However, the incorporation of AHN into current concepts of hippocampal network function and behaviour is complex. Learning and memory The implication of AHN in learning and memory is supported by some correlative and ablation studies, as well as by computational modelling. ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
... circuits and long-range fiber pathways. This complex network forms the structural substrate for distributed interactions among specialized brain systems [1–3]. Computational network analysis [4] has provided insight into the organization of large-scale cortical connectivity in several species, includ ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.