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... heart of disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy, as discussed in “Sleep gone awry.” The third article, “Dying to sleep,” documents what happens when people go without enough sleep. Chronic sleep deprivation poses more serious health risks than many had thought, research shows. In sleep, the very ...
... heart of disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy, as discussed in “Sleep gone awry.” The third article, “Dying to sleep,” documents what happens when people go without enough sleep. Chronic sleep deprivation poses more serious health risks than many had thought, research shows. In sleep, the very ...
The functional role of dorso-lateral premotor cortex
... direction deviating from a target light with a certain angle. They found that the neuronal population vector of the motor cortex – a measure indicating the direction of upcoming movements – changed its direction already prior to the execution of the movement. Based on these and other observations, i ...
... direction deviating from a target light with a certain angle. They found that the neuronal population vector of the motor cortex – a measure indicating the direction of upcoming movements – changed its direction already prior to the execution of the movement. Based on these and other observations, i ...
Deep Brain stimulation in the Treatment of Dystonia – The
... Externus] Adapted from Breakefield et al.2 ...
... Externus] Adapted from Breakefield et al.2 ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
Negative mood-induction modulates default mode network resting
... mood-induction might require more cognitive effort from their healthy participants whereas neutral recall might require less cognitive effort. Given previous findings of task induced deactivation of the DMN they expected that the sad vs neutral mood induction would lead to reduced DMN connectivity [10] ...
... mood-induction might require more cognitive effort from their healthy participants whereas neutral recall might require less cognitive effort. Given previous findings of task induced deactivation of the DMN they expected that the sad vs neutral mood induction would lead to reduced DMN connectivity [10] ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...
... transported tracers into the SC in order to label neurons in cortex.14–18 Studies based on injections in the SC allow the magnitudes and visuotopic pattern of projections of different cortical areas to be directly compared, as corticotectal neurons in a number of areas are labeled by each injection ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... part, the occurrence in some invertebrate species of alternate forms of energetic metabolism which may limit the effectiveness of the method or complicate the interpretation of its results. Insects, for example, make use of trehalose and fatty acids, in addition to glucose and glycogen, as intermedi ...
... part, the occurrence in some invertebrate species of alternate forms of energetic metabolism which may limit the effectiveness of the method or complicate the interpretation of its results. Insects, for example, make use of trehalose and fatty acids, in addition to glucose and glycogen, as intermedi ...
No Slide Title
... HEADACHE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Andrew Charles, M.D. Professor Director, Headache Research and Treatment Program David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ...
... HEADACHE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Andrew Charles, M.D. Professor Director, Headache Research and Treatment Program David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA ...
mechanisms of visual attention in the human cortex
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
... firing rate and a single poor stimulus elicited a low firing rate, the response to the paired stimuli was reduced compared with that elicited by the single good stimulus. This result indicates that two stimuli present at the same time within a neuron’s RF are not processed independently, but rather ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... did not have to worry about spreading their $3 dollar budget over the taste of the food, or it may asses its caloric content. If this issue is not different items and they could treat each trial as if it were the only deciproperly addressed, one could erroneously attribute WTP computations sion that ...
... did not have to worry about spreading their $3 dollar budget over the taste of the food, or it may asses its caloric content. If this issue is not different items and they could treat each trial as if it were the only deciproperly addressed, one could erroneously attribute WTP computations sion that ...
Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the
... (de Kloet et al., 1998). Due to this differential occupation of MR and GR, a difference in function has been proposed, with a more tonic inhibitory control function for the MR and a role for the GR in the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis during stress or at circadian peak (Bradbury et al ...
... (de Kloet et al., 1998). Due to this differential occupation of MR and GR, a difference in function has been proposed, with a more tonic inhibitory control function for the MR and a role for the GR in the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis during stress or at circadian peak (Bradbury et al ...
PT 311 NEUROSCIENCE
... Now let’s turn our attention from gray matter to white matter. There are three bundles of axons in the hemisphere that have already been identified on mid-sagittal views: the corpus callosum, anterior commissure and fornix (see the tutorial, Medial Surface of the Brain). One additional system of axo ...
... Now let’s turn our attention from gray matter to white matter. There are three bundles of axons in the hemisphere that have already been identified on mid-sagittal views: the corpus callosum, anterior commissure and fornix (see the tutorial, Medial Surface of the Brain). One additional system of axo ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at what Marr (1982) called the implementational level of description. On this view, psychological theory s ...
... One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at what Marr (1982) called the implementational level of description. On this view, psychological theory s ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical a ...
... visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical a ...
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... feedback for online adaptation of rapid postural and escape responses. Given the need for rapid predator avoidance in animals with vastly different body types, the expression of these responses has been necessarily altered to suit the sensorimotor requirements of each anatomical form. Hale et al. (2 ...
... feedback for online adaptation of rapid postural and escape responses. Given the need for rapid predator avoidance in animals with vastly different body types, the expression of these responses has been necessarily altered to suit the sensorimotor requirements of each anatomical form. Hale et al. (2 ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
... The fusion and subsequent separation of the neural tube and surface ectoderm results from differential adhesion of the two tissue types. The neural tube expresses N-CAM and N-cadherin whereas the surface ectoderm expresses E-cadherin. No separation of the neural tube occurs when one side of the frog ...
... The fusion and subsequent separation of the neural tube and surface ectoderm results from differential adhesion of the two tissue types. The neural tube expresses N-CAM and N-cadherin whereas the surface ectoderm expresses E-cadherin. No separation of the neural tube occurs when one side of the frog ...
Afferents to the Optic Tectum of the Leopard Frog: An HRP Study
... Scalia and Colman, '75 . Apparently forebrain visual areas do not influence the tectum directly, although a pretectal or tegmental relay may exist. Neary ('76) recently demonstrated ipsilateral retinotectals in several families of anurans. Our study did not reveal this pathway. However, in ranid fro ...
... Scalia and Colman, '75 . Apparently forebrain visual areas do not influence the tectum directly, although a pretectal or tegmental relay may exist. Neary ('76) recently demonstrated ipsilateral retinotectals in several families of anurans. Our study did not reveal this pathway. However, in ranid fro ...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
... leagues at the University of Chicago re- in mental activities, known as executive timeliness and goal-directed behavior: it ported that children with ADHD were functions, that help them deflect dis- provides the means for hindsight, foremore likely than others to have a partic- tractions, recall goa ...
... leagues at the University of Chicago re- in mental activities, known as executive timeliness and goal-directed behavior: it ported that children with ADHD were functions, that help them deflect dis- provides the means for hindsight, foremore likely than others to have a partic- tractions, recall goa ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... are particularly great in social percepts. We differ from being criminals to saints. These differences, responsible for different goals, count socially more than differences in memory and intelligence important for achieving these goals. We certainly do not respect intellectually gifted criminals. I ...
... are particularly great in social percepts. We differ from being criminals to saints. These differences, responsible for different goals, count socially more than differences in memory and intelligence important for achieving these goals. We certainly do not respect intellectually gifted criminals. I ...
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... Abstract: A wealth of research focuses on the decision-making processes that animals and humans employ when selecting actions in the face of reward and punishment. Initially such work stemmed from psychological investigations of conditioned behavior, and explanations of these in terms of computation ...
... Abstract: A wealth of research focuses on the decision-making processes that animals and humans employ when selecting actions in the face of reward and punishment. Initially such work stemmed from psychological investigations of conditioned behavior, and explanations of these in terms of computation ...
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex - LIRA-Lab
... layers IV and II than in the other layers. All neurons expressing the 67 kDa isoform of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), a GABAergic marker, are positive (+) for GAT-1, whereas not all cells expressing GAT-1 mRNA are GAD67+; of the latter, some are pyramidal neurons (which are glutama ...
... layers IV and II than in the other layers. All neurons expressing the 67 kDa isoform of the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), a GABAergic marker, are positive (+) for GAT-1, whereas not all cells expressing GAT-1 mRNA are GAD67+; of the latter, some are pyramidal neurons (which are glutama ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
... The appearance of the neocortex, its expansion, and its differentiation in mammals, represents one of the principal episodes in the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of ...
Insights into Rapid Modulation of Neuroplasticity by Brain Estrogens
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
... focusing on synapse structure and function; and 4) explore the cellular mechanisms and pathways that potentially underlie estrogen-induced neuroplasticity in excitatory neurons. By use of this body of literature, we will attempt to establish a model by which estrogenic modulation of neuroplasticity ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.