General anaesthesia: from molecular targets to neuronal
... eliminates their ability to prevent the response to a painful stimulus, but it has little or no effect18 on the actions of alphaxalone, halothane or enflurane. Subsequent work showed that the mutation has no effect on the reduction in motor activity that is caused by etomidate39. A similar study19 i ...
... eliminates their ability to prevent the response to a painful stimulus, but it has little or no effect18 on the actions of alphaxalone, halothane or enflurane. Subsequent work showed that the mutation has no effect on the reduction in motor activity that is caused by etomidate39. A similar study19 i ...
Short frontal lobe connections of the human brain
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
... along natural lines of cleavage. With this method Rosett described the main orientation of the short fibres of most the gyri and sulci of the human brain, but he was not able to visualize their entire course and terminal projections. In more recent years the study of U-shaped connections continued i ...
The impact of iconic gestures on foreign language word learning
... front of themselves, to rub their legs, and turn their heads, for example. Moreover, for each word, the meaningless gestures were randomly interchanged at every single trial during the training sessions. By doing this, our aim was to prevent these gestures becoming symbolic and possibly supporting a ...
... front of themselves, to rub their legs, and turn their heads, for example. Moreover, for each word, the meaningless gestures were randomly interchanged at every single trial during the training sessions. By doing this, our aim was to prevent these gestures becoming symbolic and possibly supporting a ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... functional properties of cortical neurons, such as their OCULAR DOMINANCE or their selectivity for the orientation or colour of objects. Development of the thalamocortical pathway requires the delivery of thalamic axons along a complex three-dimensional route to the cortex, the arrival of thalamic a ...
... functional properties of cortical neurons, such as their OCULAR DOMINANCE or their selectivity for the orientation or colour of objects. Development of the thalamocortical pathway requires the delivery of thalamic axons along a complex three-dimensional route to the cortex, the arrival of thalamic a ...
Autistic spectrum disorders: A review of clinical features, theories
... and Fabbri-Destro, 2010). The mirror neuron system enables individuals to understand the action of others, and facilitates social cognitive functions, such as empathy and emotional states (Gallese, 2007). It is also known that mirror neurons promote the coordination between the motor cortex and high ...
... and Fabbri-Destro, 2010). The mirror neuron system enables individuals to understand the action of others, and facilitates social cognitive functions, such as empathy and emotional states (Gallese, 2007). It is also known that mirror neurons promote the coordination between the motor cortex and high ...
Essential Tremor Followed by Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
... and their brains were prospectively collected. At postmortem, 1 of 89 had PD and 11 others had PSP, including 1 with PSP + PD. None of the remaining 77 ET brains had PD or PSP. There were 11 patients with ET + PSP (Tables 1Y3), including 9 (81.8%) women. All had had an ET diagnosis during life assig ...
... and their brains were prospectively collected. At postmortem, 1 of 89 had PD and 11 others had PSP, including 1 with PSP + PD. None of the remaining 77 ET brains had PD or PSP. There were 11 patients with ET + PSP (Tables 1Y3), including 9 (81.8%) women. All had had an ET diagnosis during life assig ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... which genes are responsible for creating the rhombomeric segments of the brainstem, each of which has a separate identity, properties and physiological functions (Champagnat et al. 2009). This in turn clarifies the organization of the reticular formation, which is so devoid of clear boundaries or di ...
... which genes are responsible for creating the rhombomeric segments of the brainstem, each of which has a separate identity, properties and physiological functions (Champagnat et al. 2009). This in turn clarifies the organization of the reticular formation, which is so devoid of clear boundaries or di ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... complex (choose a mate or a career path). Decision making occupies most of our cognitive capacity, and its failure results in devastating behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the neuronal mechanisms of decision formation is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. In recent yea ...
... complex (choose a mate or a career path). Decision making occupies most of our cognitive capacity, and its failure results in devastating behavioral and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the neuronal mechanisms of decision formation is a central goal of cognitive neuroscience. In recent yea ...
Monoaminergic dysfunction in recreational users of
... coupling (Jueptner and Weiller, 1995). For instance, Jenkins and co-workers (Jenkins et al., 2004) have shown that phMRI adequately assesses DA dysfunction, as dAMPH-induced hemodynamic changes correlated well with loss of DAT densities measured in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ...
... coupling (Jueptner and Weiller, 1995). For instance, Jenkins and co-workers (Jenkins et al., 2004) have shown that phMRI adequately assesses DA dysfunction, as dAMPH-induced hemodynamic changes correlated well with loss of DAT densities measured in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ...
No Binocular Rivalry in the LGN of Alert Macaque Monkeys
... refer here to the physiological ability to drive an LGN cell, and not the perceptual state of the animal.) From human psychophysics (Levelt, 1965), it is known that reducing contrast to one eye during rivalry increases the fraction of time that eye is suppressed. The entire set of seven conditions w ...
... refer here to the physiological ability to drive an LGN cell, and not the perceptual state of the animal.) From human psychophysics (Levelt, 1965), it is known that reducing contrast to one eye during rivalry increases the fraction of time that eye is suppressed. The entire set of seven conditions w ...
Synaptogenesis in the human cortex occurs between - UvA-DARE
... has been shown that social grouping alone cannot account for cerebral effects of the enriched environment alone (Rosenzweig et al., 1987). In general, the „enriched‟ animals are kept in larger cages and in larger groups with the opportunity for social interaction. The environment is complex and is v ...
... has been shown that social grouping alone cannot account for cerebral effects of the enriched environment alone (Rosenzweig et al., 1987). In general, the „enriched‟ animals are kept in larger cages and in larger groups with the opportunity for social interaction. The environment is complex and is v ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rete Multidisciplinare Tecnologica, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy ...
... Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, and Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rete Multidisciplinare Tecnologica, via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy ...
Traditional Posters: Neuroimaging
... We estimated brain regions whose damages are responsible for the deterioration in abstract reasoning ability measured by Ravenfs colored progressive matrices (CPM) in 37 patients with Alzheimerfs disease (AD) (n=19) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=18) using VBM with non-linear registration ...
... We estimated brain regions whose damages are responsible for the deterioration in abstract reasoning ability measured by Ravenfs colored progressive matrices (CPM) in 37 patients with Alzheimerfs disease (AD) (n=19) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=18) using VBM with non-linear registration ...
Probabilistic Anatomic Mapping of Cerebral Blood Flow Distribution
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
... hence, the automated anatomic labeling of individual brain imaging data. Methods: In the current study, probabilistic maps of the blood flow distribution of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were developed using the basal and MCA brain SPECT images. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 6 SD, 54.6 6 6.1 y) ...
Frontal lobe dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
... atrophy or ventricular dilation, which may have affected the stereotactic normalization of the PET scans (see below). MRI images were acquired using a Picker 1.0 Tesla HPQ Vista MRI system. The scans consisted of a T r weighted 3D RF spoiled scan (TR = 21, TE = 6, flip angle 35%). The CT scans consi ...
Does the End Justify the Means?
... magnetic stimulation (TMS) in subjects requested to observe grasping movements performed by an experimenter. At the end of the observation period TMS was applied to their motor cortex and motor-evoked potentials were recorded from hand muscles. The pattern of muscular response to this stimulus was f ...
... magnetic stimulation (TMS) in subjects requested to observe grasping movements performed by an experimenter. At the end of the observation period TMS was applied to their motor cortex and motor-evoked potentials were recorded from hand muscles. The pattern of muscular response to this stimulus was f ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... Activation of the immune system by e.g. bacteria induces the acute-phase-response and sickness behaviour. The latter encompasses among other things fever, lethargy, anorexia and hyperalgesia. An often used model to study sickness behaviour is the intravenous injection of the gram negative bacterial ...
... Activation of the immune system by e.g. bacteria induces the acute-phase-response and sickness behaviour. The latter encompasses among other things fever, lethargy, anorexia and hyperalgesia. An often used model to study sickness behaviour is the intravenous injection of the gram negative bacterial ...
American Journal of Public Health Research
... when feelings of anxiety or fear are involved (Roozendaal et al, 2009) while the Hippocampus which is situated just below each amygdala play important role in memory formation (Marsis and Barcim, 2012). During stress the hippocampus is particularly responsible for cognitive processes such as prior m ...
... when feelings of anxiety or fear are involved (Roozendaal et al, 2009) while the Hippocampus which is situated just below each amygdala play important role in memory formation (Marsis and Barcim, 2012). During stress the hippocampus is particularly responsible for cognitive processes such as prior m ...
Neural Crest - bthsresearch
... – Dorsal root ganglia and sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglia, melanocytes - ALL pigment cells of body! ...
... – Dorsal root ganglia and sensory neurons, sympathetic ganglia, melanocytes - ALL pigment cells of body! ...
Sympathetic nervous system and inflammation: A conceptual view
... attention, arousal, sleep/wakefulness, and circadian timing (state). The three general input systems to the motor systems communicate bidirectionally with each other (upper part of the figure). Integral components of behavior are sensations, affective– motivational processes and cognitive processes w ...
... attention, arousal, sleep/wakefulness, and circadian timing (state). The three general input systems to the motor systems communicate bidirectionally with each other (upper part of the figure). Integral components of behavior are sensations, affective– motivational processes and cognitive processes w ...
Is neocortex essentially multisensory?
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
... perception and cognition into unimodal components. That is, the neurobiological data reviewed here suggest that focusing solely on unisensory processes will continue to provide us only with an impoverished view of both brain and behavior. The recent recognition of this fact by many scientists has le ...
The Neurology of Music for Post-Traumatic-Stress
... Secondly, the person also has to experience intrusion symptoms (distressing memories; distressing dreams; dissociative reactions; prolonged or intense psychological distress; or intense psychological reactions when exposed to cues that resemble an aspect of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be ...
... Secondly, the person also has to experience intrusion symptoms (distressing memories; distressing dreams; dissociative reactions; prolonged or intense psychological distress; or intense psychological reactions when exposed to cues that resemble an aspect of the event). Thirdly, there also has to be ...
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to
... MDD is characterized by impaired cortico-limbic functioning, including dysfunction in (1) the cortical brain regions that mediate attention, reward-based decision making, and monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that ...
... MDD is characterized by impaired cortico-limbic functioning, including dysfunction in (1) the cortical brain regions that mediate attention, reward-based decision making, and monitoring of emotional salience (Ressler and Mayberg, 2007; Seminowicz et al, 2004); (2) the subcortical brain regions that ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
WHAT SHOULD WE KNOW ABOUT MARIJUANA goes to ARTCLES
... associated with the use of cannabis in vulnerable individuals. Our understanding of marijuana's long-term brain effects is limited. Research findings on how chronic cannabis use affects brain structure, for example, have been inconsistent. It may be that the effects are too subtle for reliable detec ...
... associated with the use of cannabis in vulnerable individuals. Our understanding of marijuana's long-term brain effects is limited. Research findings on how chronic cannabis use affects brain structure, for example, have been inconsistent. It may be that the effects are too subtle for reliable detec ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.