Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She will most likely become a(n): ...
... Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior. She will most likely become a(n): ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... were made to hand stimuli and foot responses to foot stimuli), whereas the Incompatible group made counter-mirror responses (hand to foot and foot to hand). Comparison of these groups revealed that, after training to respond in a counter-mirror fashion, the relative action observation properties of ...
... were made to hand stimuli and foot responses to foot stimuli), whereas the Incompatible group made counter-mirror responses (hand to foot and foot to hand). Comparison of these groups revealed that, after training to respond in a counter-mirror fashion, the relative action observation properties of ...
the distribution of the cells of origin of callosal projections in cat
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
... callosum to the adjacent cingulate gyri. This diffusion of HRP was sufficient to produce retrograde filling of neurons in the thalamus. In the animals used in this report, the thalamic label included a primary focus of HRP-filled neurons within the anterior nuclear group with additional light label ...
... studies have shown that addiction alters the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic circuitry of self-control and incentive salience to subserve the transition from voluntary drug use to habitual, compulsive drug abuse. Some have analysed if cocaine alterations are associated with consumption patterns, effe ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
... accompanied by a correlated increase in the synchrony of the entrained neurons. This relation of LFP and neuronal firing can be explained by the fact that LFPs are produced by postsynaptic potentials, and periodicity in neuronal firing would be associated with periodicity in LFPs. They also document ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
... mechanisms. The importance of arousal is undeniable: It is closely related to other phenomena such as sleep, attention, anxiety, stress, and motivation. Dampened arousal leads to drowsiness and, in the limit, sleep. Heightened arousal (brought on by the sudden appearance of an environmentally salien ...
Stress, serotonin, and hippocampal neurogenesis
... normal conditions, the stress response is integral to survival and proper biological and psychological functioning. However, an individual subjected repeatedly to stress, especially where it finds itself unable to neutralize the source of stress, may eventually succumb to despair. In this case, the a ...
... normal conditions, the stress response is integral to survival and proper biological and psychological functioning. However, an individual subjected repeatedly to stress, especially where it finds itself unable to neutralize the source of stress, may eventually succumb to despair. In this case, the a ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
The analog/digital distinction in the philosophy of mind
... defines analog computation as the operation of automated working models - computation by means of functional analogy. Analogy of function can of course be modeled formally, and most members of this group are not opposed to rationalist cognitivism. Those who, in the empiricist style, wish to naturali ...
... defines analog computation as the operation of automated working models - computation by means of functional analogy. Analogy of function can of course be modeled formally, and most members of this group are not opposed to rationalist cognitivism. Those who, in the empiricist style, wish to naturali ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... Following these pioneering and memorable experiments, several intriguing studies by Fetz and other researchers have been published. Recently, for example, Kobayashi et al. (2010) has demonstrated a remarkable capacity of single neurons to be driven by volition by adapting to specific operant require ...
... Following these pioneering and memorable experiments, several intriguing studies by Fetz and other researchers have been published. Recently, for example, Kobayashi et al. (2010) has demonstrated a remarkable capacity of single neurons to be driven by volition by adapting to specific operant require ...
International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation - Cirrie
... organizational strategies, visual imagery and verbal labelling. In addition, other techniques are also used in rehabilitation, such as implicit tasks, speech, and mnemotechnic methods (Cicerone et al. 2000). So far, it has been proven that education techniques of compensatory strategies for memory d ...
... organizational strategies, visual imagery and verbal labelling. In addition, other techniques are also used in rehabilitation, such as implicit tasks, speech, and mnemotechnic methods (Cicerone et al. 2000). So far, it has been proven that education techniques of compensatory strategies for memory d ...
Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the
... World monkeys (Elston et al. 1999b) and strepsirrhine primates (Elston et al. 2005c), there are currently no data concerning regional differences in dendritic complexity of any great ape species (i.e. chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), humans’ closest living relatives. Such data are cr ...
... World monkeys (Elston et al. 1999b) and strepsirrhine primates (Elston et al. 2005c), there are currently no data concerning regional differences in dendritic complexity of any great ape species (i.e. chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), humans’ closest living relatives. Such data are cr ...
AP8_Lecture_3 - Forensic Consultation
... When an electrical impulse reaches a nerve ending, the ending is stimulated to release a chemical, called a neurotransmitter (NT), that travels across the synaptic space to receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons ...
... When an electrical impulse reaches a nerve ending, the ending is stimulated to release a chemical, called a neurotransmitter (NT), that travels across the synaptic space to receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... with the brain through primary sensory receptors, they come in different sensory modalities and act on the brain without specialised receptors. Thus, the rewarding aspects of environmental stimuli need to be extracted from a variety of primary sensory sources. Rewards cannot be described by their ph ...
... with the brain through primary sensory receptors, they come in different sensory modalities and act on the brain without specialised receptors. Thus, the rewarding aspects of environmental stimuli need to be extracted from a variety of primary sensory sources. Rewards cannot be described by their ph ...
Age-related changes in processing speed: unique contributions of
... largely because processing speed is not a unitary construct and does not involve a single neural system, but is rather a reflection of coordinated activity across multiple neural networks. Even the simplest processing speed tasks require stimulus perception, decision making and planning, motor perfo ...
... largely because processing speed is not a unitary construct and does not involve a single neural system, but is rather a reflection of coordinated activity across multiple neural networks. Even the simplest processing speed tasks require stimulus perception, decision making and planning, motor perfo ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... The Golgi–Cox method was first described by Cox in 1891 and continues to be widely used among other Golgi modifications. In this method, potassium dichromate and potassium chloride are used in the impregnation steps, similar to other methods; however, mercuric chloride can also be added to this meth ...
... The Golgi–Cox method was first described by Cox in 1891 and continues to be widely used among other Golgi modifications. In this method, potassium dichromate and potassium chloride are used in the impregnation steps, similar to other methods; however, mercuric chloride can also be added to this meth ...
Chapter 2: Biological Bases of Behavior MULTIPLE CHOICE 1
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
... b. Charles’ cognitive function will deteriorate, but his personality should not dramatically change. c. Charles will have to take medication for many months, but it is possible to cure his disease. d. The course of Alzheimer’s is difficult to describe. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's: Understand REF: 2.1 ...
BRAIN - ESPN.com
... Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can trigger the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by the widespread deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) as neurofibrillary tangles (Corsellis and Brierley, 1959; Corsellis et al., 1973 ...
... Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can trigger the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegeneration characterized by the widespread deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) as neurofibrillary tangles (Corsellis and Brierley, 1959; Corsellis et al., 1973 ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... was compared to that of a previous monkey, which had received a similar WGA-HRP injection (0.4 ~1, 2.5%) into the riMLF. In situ hybridization for GAD mRNA In situ hybridization was performed to visualize the mRNA encoding the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD. One macaque monkey was killed with an overd ...
... was compared to that of a previous monkey, which had received a similar WGA-HRP injection (0.4 ~1, 2.5%) into the riMLF. In situ hybridization for GAD mRNA In situ hybridization was performed to visualize the mRNA encoding the GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD. One macaque monkey was killed with an overd ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirically testable explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent wit ...
... However, the associative hypothesis currently has three advantages. First, it provides a straightforward, empirically testable explanation for the differences between monkeys and humans that have led some researchers to question the existence of a ‘mirror neuron system’. Second, it is consistent wit ...
Anatomical Changes in Human Motor Cortex and Motor Pathways
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
... Using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM; Friston et al. 1995), the 3 T1weighted images from each subject were coregistered and averaged. The averaged image was bias corrected using the SPM5 unified segmentation (Ashburner and Friston 2005). The bias-corrected images were segmented and spatially nor ...
judasMRT99
... Some recently published results, however, have shown that the virtual absence of NOS activity fails to prevent the formation of ocular dominance columns in the ferret visual cortex or cortical barrels in the mouse somatosensory cortex (Finney and Shatz, 1998). Whereas the findings of Finney and Shat ...
... Some recently published results, however, have shown that the virtual absence of NOS activity fails to prevent the formation of ocular dominance columns in the ferret visual cortex or cortical barrels in the mouse somatosensory cortex (Finney and Shatz, 1998). Whereas the findings of Finney and Shat ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:403-450. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by PALCI on 10/16/08. For personal use only. ...
... Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2005.28:403-450. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by PALCI on 10/16/08. For personal use only. ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.