Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... exposures H3 (Fig. 2B and E) and six hypoxic exposures H6 (Fig. 2C and F) groups. After three or six hypoxic exposures, the number of p-p38 MAPK positive cells in the frontal cortex (H3: 43.0 3.6, H6: 35.3 0.9 versus H0: 18.1 2.0, p < 0.05, n = 3) and the CA1 region of hippocampus (H3: 32.3 ...
... exposures H3 (Fig. 2B and E) and six hypoxic exposures H6 (Fig. 2C and F) groups. After three or six hypoxic exposures, the number of p-p38 MAPK positive cells in the frontal cortex (H3: 43.0 3.6, H6: 35.3 0.9 versus H0: 18.1 2.0, p < 0.05, n = 3) and the CA1 region of hippocampus (H3: 32.3 ...
Molecular and functional analysis of Drosophila single
... 3 to 15 h of embryonic development but not later. The RC transcript is observed weakly at 0–3 h but then strongly at all stages of embryonic and postembryonic development. These results closely match Northern blot and RNA-Seq experiments (Crews et al., 1988; Graveley et al., 2011). sim is expressed ...
... 3 to 15 h of embryonic development but not later. The RC transcript is observed weakly at 0–3 h but then strongly at all stages of embryonic and postembryonic development. These results closely match Northern blot and RNA-Seq experiments (Crews et al., 1988; Graveley et al., 2011). sim is expressed ...
The Big Picture File
... and spinal cord, following all the minor contours of the brain (called gyri and sulci) • The pia is pierced by blood vessels which travel to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries are responsible for nourishing the brain ...
... and spinal cord, following all the minor contours of the brain (called gyri and sulci) • The pia is pierced by blood vessels which travel to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries are responsible for nourishing the brain ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... the motor cortex part of the brain concerned with motor function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neu ...
... the motor cortex part of the brain concerned with motor function and cerebellar cortex concerned with motor function, equilibrium and balance. Neuronal damage was very severe in both the regions. In the case of cerebral cortex there was 60-70% neuronal loss was documented. Further the surviving neu ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems this question is asked by studies on the physiology of perception (Parker and Newsome, 1998), involving simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity and the subject’s behavior and percept. ...
... question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems this question is asked by studies on the physiology of perception (Parker and Newsome, 1998), involving simultaneous measurement of neuronal activity and the subject’s behavior and percept. ...
An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
... 267). Receptors associated with muscle movements are cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors and visceral receptors (Fox, 2013, p. 268). Energy acts as a stimulus to the receptors that are specialized to receive it. Upon stimulation, the energy is converted into an electrical signal that can be transmit ...
... 267). Receptors associated with muscle movements are cutaneous receptors, proprioceptors and visceral receptors (Fox, 2013, p. 268). Energy acts as a stimulus to the receptors that are specialized to receive it. Upon stimulation, the energy is converted into an electrical signal that can be transmit ...
Hippocampal contributions to language
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...
... CHAPTER 1: SIGNIFICANCE AND SPECIFIC AIMS This thesis brings together the study of two quintessential human capacities, memory and language, by examining the role of the hippocampal declarative memory system (HDMS) in language processing and use. At the heart of this proposal is the idea that the sa ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
... are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be concerned with the same problem—namely, evaluating the appropriatenes ...
... are used to facilitate the development of adaptive motor programs. Although the reinforcement learning function attributed to the mesencephalic dopamine system and the error-processing function associated with the ERN appear to be concerned with the same problem—namely, evaluating the appropriatenes ...
Nervous System Module - Year 2 Semester 1 Number of Credit – 8
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
... 2. List the errors of refraction, describe how they occur and explain the basis of correcting each of them. 3.Explain the term accommodation as applied to the eye. 4. Explain the basis of the accommodation-convergence reflex and pupillary light reflex. 5. Explain the principles underlying visual acu ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal forebrain network, which is made up of large neurons that communicate with one another using a ...
... structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to the next neuron in the network. One of the most studied networks in the human brain is the basal forebrain network, which is made up of large neurons that communicate with one another using a ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... focuses first on the anatomy (primarily in monkeys). Second, we review functional activation of cortico-basal ganglia reward circuitry to explore points of convergence between primate anatomy studies and human functional MRI studies. Clearly, imaging methods to date do not have the resolution capabi ...
... focuses first on the anatomy (primarily in monkeys). Second, we review functional activation of cortico-basal ganglia reward circuitry to explore points of convergence between primate anatomy studies and human functional MRI studies. Clearly, imaging methods to date do not have the resolution capabi ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... distributed networks of temporal synchronization can be detected that can characterize RS networks (RSNs). With a short acquisition time of less than 10 minutes, RS functional MR imaging can be applied in special populations such as children and patients with dementia. Some RSNs are already present ...
... distributed networks of temporal synchronization can be detected that can characterize RS networks (RSNs). With a short acquisition time of less than 10 minutes, RS functional MR imaging can be applied in special populations such as children and patients with dementia. Some RSNs are already present ...
Circadian and histaminergic regulation of the sleep
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
... During 6-hours of sleep deprivation, the histamine release was constantly upregulated and comparable to its level during wakefulness, whereas when the sleep deprivation ceased, the release of histamine immediately dropped to the baseline level. Constant administration of histamine into the basal for ...
Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms
... A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts ...
... A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... unbalanced neuronal circuit formation [3,15]. Such wiring defects are thought to be involved in the etiology of various neurological disorders, including autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy and it is, therefore, important to further investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating tangential migration ...
... unbalanced neuronal circuit formation [3,15]. Such wiring defects are thought to be involved in the etiology of various neurological disorders, including autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy and it is, therefore, important to further investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating tangential migration ...
Nucleus Accumbensμ-Opioids Regulate Intake of a High
... solitary tract (Brog et al., 1993), and rostral basal amygdala (Wright and Groenewegen, 1996). In addition to processing critical orosensory information, the nucleus accumbens projects to the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area ...
... solitary tract (Brog et al., 1993), and rostral basal amygdala (Wright and Groenewegen, 1996). In addition to processing critical orosensory information, the nucleus accumbens projects to the lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, substantia nigra, ventral pallidum, and ventral tegmental area ...
Physiological origins and functional correlates of EEG rhythmic
... Communication among neurons is mediated by changes in the membrane that surrounds the cell and its axonal and dendritic processes. When at rest, current gradients maintain a small electrical potential across the cell membrane. Excitatory impulses reaching the cell release transmitter substances that ...
... Communication among neurons is mediated by changes in the membrane that surrounds the cell and its axonal and dendritic processes. When at rest, current gradients maintain a small electrical potential across the cell membrane. Excitatory impulses reaching the cell release transmitter substances that ...
Cortical connections of the visuomotor parietooccipital
... anterior bank of parietooccipital sulcus, where area V6A can be functionally recognized on the basis of the criteria previously described by Galletti and coworkers (1999b). Some V6A cells encountered along this penetration were activated by complex visual stimuli (light/dark gratings and corners of ...
... anterior bank of parietooccipital sulcus, where area V6A can be functionally recognized on the basis of the criteria previously described by Galletti and coworkers (1999b). Some V6A cells encountered along this penetration were activated by complex visual stimuli (light/dark gratings and corners of ...
Mietzsch U, McKenna J 3rd, Reith RM, Way SW, Gambello MJ. Comparative analysis of Tsc1 and Tsc2 single and double radial glial cell mutants. J Comp Neurol. 2013 Nov. 521(16):3817-31.
... and glia lack either Tsc1 and/or Tsc2. We generated Tsc1f/-;cre, Tsc2f-;cre, and Tsc1f/-; Tsc2f-;cre animals. Our analysis indicates that loss of Tsc1 and/or Tsc2 in radial glia cause comparable brain pathology, but the loss of both proteins appears to have an additive effect on mortality. There wer ...
... and glia lack either Tsc1 and/or Tsc2. We generated Tsc1f/-;cre, Tsc2f-;cre, and Tsc1f/-; Tsc2f-;cre animals. Our analysis indicates that loss of Tsc1 and/or Tsc2 in radial glia cause comparable brain pathology, but the loss of both proteins appears to have an additive effect on mortality. There wer ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... with neglect has proven difficult owing to lesion variations and the emergence of neural and behavioural compensations following neglect-inducing damage to posterior parietal cortex. The detailed study of neglect requires a stable experimental model of the syndrome. To that end, we have studied the ...
... with neglect has proven difficult owing to lesion variations and the emergence of neural and behavioural compensations following neglect-inducing damage to posterior parietal cortex. The detailed study of neglect requires a stable experimental model of the syndrome. To that end, we have studied the ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... topography of the areas are according to the present as well as previous results (see Galletti et al., 1999a, 1999b). Encircled numbers (1±4) indicate the approximated locations of tracer injections in four cases (see top left). Right: Medial view of the hemisphere. The POM is shown partially open. ...
... topography of the areas are according to the present as well as previous results (see Galletti et al., 1999a, 1999b). Encircled numbers (1±4) indicate the approximated locations of tracer injections in four cases (see top left). Right: Medial view of the hemisphere. The POM is shown partially open. ...
Repetition suppression - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... performed by subpopulations of neurons. Nevertheless, there are now well-validated strategies that can be used to refine the coarse resolution of the fMRI signal which provide a means to investigate neural activity at the meso-scale, the level of neural representations. Two fMRI techniques are curre ...
... performed by subpopulations of neurons. Nevertheless, there are now well-validated strategies that can be used to refine the coarse resolution of the fMRI signal which provide a means to investigate neural activity at the meso-scale, the level of neural representations. Two fMRI techniques are curre ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... ischemia and seizures. However, the beneficial or detrimental role played by COX-2 in inflammatory and neurodegenerative brain pathologies is still controversial. The present article will review new data in this area, focusing on some major human neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS ...
... ischemia and seizures. However, the beneficial or detrimental role played by COX-2 in inflammatory and neurodegenerative brain pathologies is still controversial. The present article will review new data in this area, focusing on some major human neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... the total) were shown to originate from corresponding locations within the connected cortical areas. The NFP make an important contribution to the connectivity profile of each area. These findings have important consequences for understanding cortical physiology and large-scale models of the cortex. T ...
... the total) were shown to originate from corresponding locations within the connected cortical areas. The NFP make an important contribution to the connectivity profile of each area. These findings have important consequences for understanding cortical physiology and large-scale models of the cortex. T ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.