Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... probability 3 RM = 27 pence); the probability was 0.33 making the EV 10 pence; or the probability was 0.16 making the EV 5 pence (see Fig. 1a). (On the trials on which a reward was not obtained, 0 pence was the RM.) The participants learned in the sets of 30 trials with the different EVs on the righ ...
... probability 3 RM = 27 pence); the probability was 0.33 making the EV 10 pence; or the probability was 0.16 making the EV 5 pence (see Fig. 1a). (On the trials on which a reward was not obtained, 0 pence was the RM.) The participants learned in the sets of 30 trials with the different EVs on the righ ...
Neuronal morphology in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana
... Briefly, selected neurons were required to be relatively isolated and unobscured, to appear fully impregnated with a soma roughly centered within the 120 lm-thick section, and to have as complete dendritic arbors as possible. In order to create a relatively homogeneous cell population for superficia ...
... Briefly, selected neurons were required to be relatively isolated and unobscured, to appear fully impregnated with a soma roughly centered within the 120 lm-thick section, and to have as complete dendritic arbors as possible. In order to create a relatively homogeneous cell population for superficia ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... Recent evidence indicates that brain resident macrophages, microglial cells, are essential for the proper wiring of neuronal networks at postnatal periods 1, 2. The critical process of developmental elimination of inappropriate synapses involves the phagocytic activity of microglia 3, 4, however, th ...
... Recent evidence indicates that brain resident macrophages, microglial cells, are essential for the proper wiring of neuronal networks at postnatal periods 1, 2. The critical process of developmental elimination of inappropriate synapses involves the phagocytic activity of microglia 3, 4, however, th ...
Psilocybin Final Project-PDF
... • Well-ordered correlation state • Not much cross-linking between networks ...
... • Well-ordered correlation state • Not much cross-linking between networks ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... against human placenta] ChAT (German et al., 1985). The antibody •was used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:700 in an avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical procedure employing the Vectastain Elite ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The final immunohistochemical reaction product - ...
... against human placenta] ChAT (German et al., 1985). The antibody •was used at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:700 in an avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) immunohistochemical procedure employing the Vectastain Elite ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The final immunohistochemical reaction product - ...
Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in
... midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negative feedback. These heterogeneous results need further clarification regarding relevant brain areas for positive and negative feedback. Also, the above mentioned s ...
... midbrain activation during negative feedback than during positive, whereas positive feedback did not yield stronger activation than negative feedback. These heterogeneous results need further clarification regarding relevant brain areas for positive and negative feedback. Also, the above mentioned s ...
B-Lymphocyte-Mediated Delayed Cognitive Impairment following
... to dementia, and is potentially treatable with FDA-approved drugs that target B cells. Key words: B-lymphocyte; dementia; immunology; stroke ...
... to dementia, and is potentially treatable with FDA-approved drugs that target B cells. Key words: B-lymphocyte; dementia; immunology; stroke ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... files.wordpress.com/2010/01/supplementary-table-stn.pdf for a detailed overview for the methods, the number of animals and species used in the studies included in this review. The results of these studies are summarized in Figure 1 and ordered by the number of subdivisions reported and the localizat ...
... files.wordpress.com/2010/01/supplementary-table-stn.pdf for a detailed overview for the methods, the number of animals and species used in the studies included in this review. The results of these studies are summarized in Figure 1 and ordered by the number of subdivisions reported and the localizat ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... course experiments (results not shown). An incubation time of 2.5 h at room temperature was found to produce specific labeling of cell bodies in known GABAergic or glutamatergic cell regions, without significant background. In situ hybridization procedures were also carried out using sense DIG-label ...
... course experiments (results not shown). An incubation time of 2.5 h at room temperature was found to produce specific labeling of cell bodies in known GABAergic or glutamatergic cell regions, without significant background. In situ hybridization procedures were also carried out using sense DIG-label ...
Travis, F.T. and Arenander, A. (2006). Cross-Sectional
... Research on Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice1, which spans three decades, reports that frontal (F3-F4) EEG coherence (1) is higher during TM practice compared to eyes-closed rest (Dillbeck, et al., 1981a; Dillbeck, et al., 1981b; Levine, 1976; Orme-Johnson, et al., 1981; Travis, et al., 2002) ...
... Research on Transcendental Meditation (TM) practice1, which spans three decades, reports that frontal (F3-F4) EEG coherence (1) is higher during TM practice compared to eyes-closed rest (Dillbeck, et al., 1981a; Dillbeck, et al., 1981b; Levine, 1976; Orme-Johnson, et al., 1981; Travis, et al., 2002) ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... neural guidance cues.Here we describe the first evidence that the transmembrane Semaphorin 5B is proteolytically processed into a diffusible, repulsive guidance cue. Evidence is presented for processing into at least two fragments, the first as a result of pro‐protein convertase activity, and the ...
... neural guidance cues.Here we describe the first evidence that the transmembrane Semaphorin 5B is proteolytically processed into a diffusible, repulsive guidance cue. Evidence is presented for processing into at least two fragments, the first as a result of pro‐protein convertase activity, and the ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... 37. Rats do not learn to avoid a cued moving region in a stationary environment but they learn to avoid the cued region if it is stationary in a moving environment K. BLAHNA, B. OSECKÁ, V. MAŇÁSKOVÁ, D. KLEMENT, Prague 38. Are inertial stimuli and/or motor skills sufficient for successful navigation ...
... 37. Rats do not learn to avoid a cued moving region in a stationary environment but they learn to avoid the cued region if it is stationary in a moving environment K. BLAHNA, B. OSECKÁ, V. MAŇÁSKOVÁ, D. KLEMENT, Prague 38. Are inertial stimuli and/or motor skills sufficient for successful navigation ...
Development of Pitch and Music Perception
... referred to as chroma. When listeners are asked to rate the similarity of pairs of tones, they take into account both pitch height and pitch chroma, and perceived similarity can be represented geometrically by a helix (Shepard 1982) (Fig. 8.1). Although the particular chroma used differ across music ...
... referred to as chroma. When listeners are asked to rate the similarity of pairs of tones, they take into account both pitch height and pitch chroma, and perceived similarity can be represented geometrically by a helix (Shepard 1982) (Fig. 8.1). Although the particular chroma used differ across music ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective stat ...
... the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior, it is now apparent in animal models and clinical studies that estrogens exert many actions outside of reproductive function, including actions on brain areas that are important for learning and memory and for emotions and affective stat ...
Reflecting on the debate
... Second, the statistical symbolism approach is more empirical than the traditional symbolic approaches. For instance, the impressive ability of LSA to predict psychological phenomena emerges directly from the words themselves or, more accurately, from the statistical properties of words taken from na ...
... Second, the statistical symbolism approach is more empirical than the traditional symbolic approaches. For instance, the impressive ability of LSA to predict psychological phenomena emerges directly from the words themselves or, more accurately, from the statistical properties of words taken from na ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
... whereas middle levels facilitate these measures, giving a characteristic “invertedU” shaped doseresponse curve (see [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or ...
Okamoto Devel Neurbiol Review
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
... tion of neural circuits regulating monoaminergic systems. Fish and amphibian habenulae can be subdivided into dHb and vHb based on differences in cytoarchitecture (Braford and Northcutt, 1983; Kemali and Làzàr, 1985). The zebrafish dHb projects to the IPN (Aizawa et al., 2005; Gamse et al., 2005) a ...
Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early
... survey the entire brain for patterns of functional connectivity predictive of both the intermediate brain phenotype (Ce nucleus metabolism) and the high-risk phenotype (AT). Specifically, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-resolution 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission t ...
... survey the entire brain for patterns of functional connectivity predictive of both the intermediate brain phenotype (Ce nucleus metabolism) and the high-risk phenotype (AT). Specifically, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high-resolution 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission t ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... been the focus of an extensive debate. These neurons are active both when a monkey observes an action and when it executes the same action. Clustered in the ventral premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule, these areas form the so-called mirror neuron system. Multiple brain imaging studies have ...
... been the focus of an extensive debate. These neurons are active both when a monkey observes an action and when it executes the same action. Clustered in the ventral premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule, these areas form the so-called mirror neuron system. Multiple brain imaging studies have ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... have been shown to be neuroprotective. Administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) after experimental TBI significantly reduces mitochondrial dysfunction (Sullivan et al, 1999c), cortical damage (Scheff and Sullivan, 1999; Sullivan et al, 2000b, c), and cytoskeleton and axonal dysfunction (Okonkwo et al, ...
... have been shown to be neuroprotective. Administration of cyclosporine A (CsA) after experimental TBI significantly reduces mitochondrial dysfunction (Sullivan et al, 1999c), cortical damage (Scheff and Sullivan, 1999; Sullivan et al, 2000b, c), and cytoskeleton and axonal dysfunction (Okonkwo et al, ...
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to `AIP`
... determined by visual observation and muscle palpation. The response at each site was defined as the movement or muscle contraction that was evoked at threshold- the stimulus intensity at which the response occurred on 50% of the trials. The results of physiological mapping were entered into a custom ...
... determined by visual observation and muscle palpation. The response at each site was defined as the movement or muscle contraction that was evoked at threshold- the stimulus intensity at which the response occurred on 50% of the trials. The results of physiological mapping were entered into a custom ...
Sample
... 11) Which of the following is not a function of glial cells? a. Guiding specialized neurons to their correct location during brain development b. Storing and releasing neurotransmitters Correct: Glial cells do not store or release neurotransmitters, though they do all of the tasks identified in the ...
... 11) Which of the following is not a function of glial cells? a. Guiding specialized neurons to their correct location during brain development b. Storing and releasing neurotransmitters Correct: Glial cells do not store or release neurotransmitters, though they do all of the tasks identified in the ...
gross_neuroanatomy-1
... an early ontogenetic development • Morphology of CS and LS is similar between subjects and these sulci are a common landmark also in non-human primates’ brain • On the lateral surface of the brain, CS separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, while LS separates the frontal and parietal lo ...
... an early ontogenetic development • Morphology of CS and LS is similar between subjects and these sulci are a common landmark also in non-human primates’ brain • On the lateral surface of the brain, CS separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, while LS separates the frontal and parietal lo ...
22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... behaving primates (and, rarely, humans). Until the late 1970s, most human mental processes, including complex motor control, were not amenable to direct experimental analysis. Since that time, however, several different approaches have been developed to characterize the neural substrates of informat ...
... behaving primates (and, rarely, humans). Until the late 1970s, most human mental processes, including complex motor control, were not amenable to direct experimental analysis. Since that time, however, several different approaches have been developed to characterize the neural substrates of informat ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.