Barley MLA Immune Receptors Directly Interfere
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...
Integrin inside-out signaling and
... releases an interface between the headpiece and lower legs and yields an extended-closed conformation also with low affinity. Swing-out of the hybrid domain at its interface with the bI domain is connected through the bI a7-helix to rearrangements at the bI interface with the b-propeller domain that ...
... releases an interface between the headpiece and lower legs and yields an extended-closed conformation also with low affinity. Swing-out of the hybrid domain at its interface with the bI domain is connected through the bI a7-helix to rearrangements at the bI interface with the b-propeller domain that ...
the Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Engrailed-2
... that determine the early identity of cells and tissues (14). We and others have shown that HOX gene dysregulation occurs in most common cancers, with evidence that targeting HOX/PBX binding has therapeutic value (15–19). We have studied Engrailed-2 (En2), another member of this group which show a ve ...
... that determine the early identity of cells and tissues (14). We and others have shown that HOX gene dysregulation occurs in most common cancers, with evidence that targeting HOX/PBX binding has therapeutic value (15–19). We have studied Engrailed-2 (En2), another member of this group which show a ve ...
Arterial-venous endothelial plasticity
... veins (Fig. 3A). In the cephalic region, NRP1 was observed in the internal carotid artery, but not in the anterior cardinal vein (Fig. 3C). Adjacent sections hybridized with TIE2 probes showed TIE2 expression in virtually all EC of the trunk region (Fig. 3B). In the cephalic region, TIE2 expression ...
... veins (Fig. 3A). In the cephalic region, NRP1 was observed in the internal carotid artery, but not in the anterior cardinal vein (Fig. 3C). Adjacent sections hybridized with TIE2 probes showed TIE2 expression in virtually all EC of the trunk region (Fig. 3B). In the cephalic region, TIE2 expression ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... desmosomal cadherins, which, similar to the classical cadherins of adherens junctions, are part of the cadherin superfamily. Desmogleins 1-4 and desmocollins 1-3 are found in the human epidermis (Fig. 2). The intracellular ends of desmosomal cadherins are inserted in the molecular network of adaptor ...
... desmosomal cadherins, which, similar to the classical cadherins of adherens junctions, are part of the cadherin superfamily. Desmogleins 1-4 and desmocollins 1-3 are found in the human epidermis (Fig. 2). The intracellular ends of desmosomal cadherins are inserted in the molecular network of adaptor ...
AKAP MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION Jennifer J. Carlisle
... myocardium with fibrofatty tissue, and it is considered to be a significant cause of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in adolescents and young adults (60). ARVD has been linked to mutations at one of several genetic loci (59). One locus found on chromosome 14q between markers D14S62 and D14S6 ...
... myocardium with fibrofatty tissue, and it is considered to be a significant cause of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death in adolescents and young adults (60). ARVD has been linked to mutations at one of several genetic loci (59). One locus found on chromosome 14q between markers D14S62 and D14S6 ...
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine
... reinhardtii, a 2.5- to 3-fold increase of the ODC halflife was observed during transition to the cell division phase, accompanied by a 3-fold increase of ODC activity (Voigt and Bohley, 2000). For mammalian cells, it has been reported that degradation of ODC is not mediated by ubiquitination (Bercov ...
... reinhardtii, a 2.5- to 3-fold increase of the ODC halflife was observed during transition to the cell division phase, accompanied by a 3-fold increase of ODC activity (Voigt and Bohley, 2000). For mammalian cells, it has been reported that degradation of ODC is not mediated by ubiquitination (Bercov ...
Regulation of Vascular Development - Size
... continuity must be maintained across this growth zone. The primary vascular system also retains a capacity for modification. For instance, fully expanded leaves may develop additional vascular connections in the stem, and older stems can still form new vascular bridges to circumvent a wound. In wood ...
... continuity must be maintained across this growth zone. The primary vascular system also retains a capacity for modification. For instance, fully expanded leaves may develop additional vascular connections in the stem, and older stems can still form new vascular bridges to circumvent a wound. In wood ...
A Biological Overview of the Cell Cycle and its Response to Osmotic
... S. cerevisiae is usually very short compared to the M phase, often not distinguished from the M phase and referred to as the G2/M phase. S. cerevisiae replicates by budding asymmetrically [24]. Daughter cells are smaller than mother cells, and hence the G1 phase of a daughter cell is longer than tha ...
... S. cerevisiae is usually very short compared to the M phase, often not distinguished from the M phase and referred to as the G2/M phase. S. cerevisiae replicates by budding asymmetrically [24]. Daughter cells are smaller than mother cells, and hence the G1 phase of a daughter cell is longer than tha ...
Membrane trafficking and polar growth in root hairs and pollen tubes
... form in which the cell elongates unidirectionally and only at the very tip. This extreme form of polarized growth, or tip-growth, sustains prodigious rates of elongation: Root hairs grow at rates of 10–40 nm sÿ1 (Galway et al., 1997; Wymer et al., 1997), comparable to that of animal neuron growth co ...
... form in which the cell elongates unidirectionally and only at the very tip. This extreme form of polarized growth, or tip-growth, sustains prodigious rates of elongation: Root hairs grow at rates of 10–40 nm sÿ1 (Galway et al., 1997; Wymer et al., 1997), comparable to that of animal neuron growth co ...
Formins: Linking Cytoskeleton and Endomembranes in Plant Cells
... 1. Introduction: Cytoskeleton in the Organization of Plant Endomembranes In typical differentiated plant cells, most endomembrane organelles are literally sandwiched in a thin layer of cortical cytoplasm between the plasmalemma and tonoplast, close to each other and in an intimate contact with the c ...
... 1. Introduction: Cytoskeleton in the Organization of Plant Endomembranes In typical differentiated plant cells, most endomembrane organelles are literally sandwiched in a thin layer of cortical cytoplasm between the plasmalemma and tonoplast, close to each other and in an intimate contact with the c ...
Coupling cellular oscillators—circadian and cell division cycles in cyanobacteria Bernardo F Pando
... expressed in a ring in the middle of a cell just before it divides. Though there are probably more intermediate steps between the identified players and perhaps some other pathways might regulate other stages of the cell division cycle, this study identified some of these mechanisms, leading to a be ...
... expressed in a ring in the middle of a cell just before it divides. Though there are probably more intermediate steps between the identified players and perhaps some other pathways might regulate other stages of the cell division cycle, this study identified some of these mechanisms, leading to a be ...
spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton
... Baskin (2001) extended the co-alignment hypothesis with the templated incorporation model. In this model, bi-functional scaffold factors bind to existing microfibrils and newly synthesized microfibrils, facilitating local order. The model also posits the existence of integral membrane components linki ...
... Baskin (2001) extended the co-alignment hypothesis with the templated incorporation model. In this model, bi-functional scaffold factors bind to existing microfibrils and newly synthesized microfibrils, facilitating local order. The model also posits the existence of integral membrane components linki ...
Coupled elasticity–diffusion model for the effects of cytoskeleton
... phagocytosis of filamentous Escherichia coli bacteria by macrophages. They found that complete uptake occurs only if one of the terminal bacteria filament poles enters the cell first. Abdolahad et al. [8] used an array of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs (radius ¼ 32.5 nm) to distinguish healthy ...
... phagocytosis of filamentous Escherichia coli bacteria by macrophages. They found that complete uptake occurs only if one of the terminal bacteria filament poles enters the cell first. Abdolahad et al. [8] used an array of vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs (radius ¼ 32.5 nm) to distinguish healthy ...
Transient and Stable GFP Expression in Germ Cells by the vasa
... PGCs visualization and labeling is the first step to forward the application. They can be transiently labeled by embryonic injection of mRNA containing green fluorescence protein gene (GFP) and 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) of a maternal germ gene such as vasa, nos1, etc. The 3’UTR sequences play a ...
... PGCs visualization and labeling is the first step to forward the application. They can be transiently labeled by embryonic injection of mRNA containing green fluorescence protein gene (GFP) and 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) of a maternal germ gene such as vasa, nos1, etc. The 3’UTR sequences play a ...
Fibronectins Are Essential for Heart and Blood Vessel
... severe class, no primitive heart is observed, whereas the less severely affected embryos display a prominent and beating, albeit abnormal, primitive heart. At least two possible explanations exist for these wide variations in cardiovascular development. The first is the known variability in developm ...
... severe class, no primitive heart is observed, whereas the less severely affected embryos display a prominent and beating, albeit abnormal, primitive heart. At least two possible explanations exist for these wide variations in cardiovascular development. The first is the known variability in developm ...
Defining the Three Cell Lineages of the Human Blastocyst by Single
... SMAD4 and TDGF1 are also enriched in the human epiblast. Intriguingly, inhibition of TGF- signaling abrogates NANOG expression in human epiblast cells, consistent with a requirement for this pathway in pluripotency. Although key trophectoderm factors Id2, Elf5, and Eomes are exclusively localized t ...
... SMAD4 and TDGF1 are also enriched in the human epiblast. Intriguingly, inhibition of TGF- signaling abrogates NANOG expression in human epiblast cells, consistent with a requirement for this pathway in pluripotency. Although key trophectoderm factors Id2, Elf5, and Eomes are exclusively localized t ...
Isolation of obligately alkaliphilic magnetotactic bacteria from
... question is whether and how many magnetotactic prokaryotic organisms have been isolated and deposited in culture collections but have never been recognized as magnetotactic for various reasons. This may be most applicable to the sulfate-reducing bacteria, as another magnetotactic sulfate-reducing ba ...
... question is whether and how many magnetotactic prokaryotic organisms have been isolated and deposited in culture collections but have never been recognized as magnetotactic for various reasons. This may be most applicable to the sulfate-reducing bacteria, as another magnetotactic sulfate-reducing ba ...
Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Scenedesmus spp. Cultured
... I medium strongly inhibited CYP 1A1 activity. These results show that Scenedesmus spp. in KEP I medium has cancer chemopreventive potential and may be a candidate for further development as a chemopreventive agent. Key words: Scenedesmus, cancer chemoprevention, quinone reductase, glutathione S-tran ...
... I medium strongly inhibited CYP 1A1 activity. These results show that Scenedesmus spp. in KEP I medium has cancer chemopreventive potential and may be a candidate for further development as a chemopreventive agent. Key words: Scenedesmus, cancer chemoprevention, quinone reductase, glutathione S-tran ...
Transgenic rats carrying copies of the human c-Ha
... exhibit invasion of the muscle layer (15). The reasons for such recurrence and invasive characteristics have not yet been elucidated in detail. Therefore, it is important to establish appropriate animal models featuring highly malignant superficial type carcinomas as observed in human cases. The ras ...
... exhibit invasion of the muscle layer (15). The reasons for such recurrence and invasive characteristics have not yet been elucidated in detail. Therefore, it is important to establish appropriate animal models featuring highly malignant superficial type carcinomas as observed in human cases. The ras ...
Pleiotropy of leptin receptor signalling is defined by distinct roles of
... janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic part of LEPRb [10,12,13]. These phosphoryl ...
... janus kinase ⁄ signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK ⁄ STAT) signalling pathway [10,11]. Ligand binding to LEPRb results in the activation of JAK2 by transphosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic part of LEPRb [10,12,13]. These phosphoryl ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... Understanding the relationship of the size and shape of an organism to the size, shape, and number of its constituent cells is a basic problem in biology; however, numerous studies indicate that the relationship is complex and often nonintuitive. To investigate this problem, we used a system for the ...
... Understanding the relationship of the size and shape of an organism to the size, shape, and number of its constituent cells is a basic problem in biology; however, numerous studies indicate that the relationship is complex and often nonintuitive. To investigate this problem, we used a system for the ...
The TEA Transcription Factor Tec1 Links TOR and MAPK Pathways
... not only differentially control gene expression, but also cell division. Whereas mating depends on sexual partner cells arresting in G1, robust biofilms and filaments are best formed by dividing cells. In haploid cells, this difference is reflected by the fact that G1 cyclins are down-regulated when y ...
... not only differentially control gene expression, but also cell division. Whereas mating depends on sexual partner cells arresting in G1, robust biofilms and filaments are best formed by dividing cells. In haploid cells, this difference is reflected by the fact that G1 cyclins are down-regulated when y ...