Eph signalling and morphogenesis - Development
... the formation of rhombomeres and somites where reciprocal regions of expression of receptor and ligand in adjacent groups of cells result in interactions controlling cell behaviour at the interface. Evidence that Eph/ephrin signalling is involved in the control of cell movement comes from experiment ...
... the formation of rhombomeres and somites where reciprocal regions of expression of receptor and ligand in adjacent groups of cells result in interactions controlling cell behaviour at the interface. Evidence that Eph/ephrin signalling is involved in the control of cell movement comes from experiment ...
Podosome-type adhesions and focal adhesions, so alike yet so
... Many distinct types of adhesions between cells and the extracellular matrix have been described: focal complexes, focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions, podosomes and invadopodia (Fig.1). These cell-extracellular matrix interactions are all mediated through different specialized subcellular sites tha ...
... Many distinct types of adhesions between cells and the extracellular matrix have been described: focal complexes, focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions, podosomes and invadopodia (Fig.1). These cell-extracellular matrix interactions are all mediated through different specialized subcellular sites tha ...
BE WHEN THEY GROW UP? Lessons from Epidermal Patterning in
... suppress the mutant defects of ttg when constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, as well as cause ectopic production of trichomes, especially when coexpressed with GL1, but until the identification of GL3, no Arabidopsis gene encoding a bHLH protein had been implicated in trichome development (45, 5 ...
... suppress the mutant defects of ttg when constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis, as well as cause ectopic production of trichomes, especially when coexpressed with GL1, but until the identification of GL3, no Arabidopsis gene encoding a bHLH protein had been implicated in trichome development (45, 5 ...
Cell types
... Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
... Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
Pathogenic LRRK2 Mutations Do Not Alter Gene
... miRNA regulation, our data demonstrates no overall impact on mRNA levels. This does not exclude translational regulation as a mechanism through which a putative LRRK2 miRNA pathway could operate, although the recent publication by Guo et al emphasizes that miRNAs in mammalian cells predominantly fun ...
... miRNA regulation, our data demonstrates no overall impact on mRNA levels. This does not exclude translational regulation as a mechanism through which a putative LRRK2 miRNA pathway could operate, although the recent publication by Guo et al emphasizes that miRNAs in mammalian cells predominantly fun ...
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during
... The cell plate is formed by the fusion of Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles in the center of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis in plant cells. A dynamin-like protein, phragmoplastin, has been isolated and shown t o be associated with cell plate formation in soybean by using immunocytochemistry. In ...
... The cell plate is formed by the fusion of Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles in the center of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis in plant cells. A dynamin-like protein, phragmoplastin, has been isolated and shown t o be associated with cell plate formation in soybean by using immunocytochemistry. In ...
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... The binding of Dl/Ser situated on one cell to Notch situated on the neighboring cell results in two proteolytic cleavages of Notch, which mediate the release of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) into the nucleus to activate Notch target gene transcription with the assistance of Su(H) and co-activato ...
... The binding of Dl/Ser situated on one cell to Notch situated on the neighboring cell results in two proteolytic cleavages of Notch, which mediate the release of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) into the nucleus to activate Notch target gene transcription with the assistance of Su(H) and co-activato ...
Autophagic Components Contribute to Hypersensitive Cell Death in
... (Ws-0) were infected, and disease symptom spread followed over several days. Surprisingly, no signs of death or tissue collapse were detectable in atg7 and atg9 beyond the primary HR lesion sites after infection, even after 15 days (see Figures S1A and S1B available with this article online). We als ...
... (Ws-0) were infected, and disease symptom spread followed over several days. Surprisingly, no signs of death or tissue collapse were detectable in atg7 and atg9 beyond the primary HR lesion sites after infection, even after 15 days (see Figures S1A and S1B available with this article online). We als ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
... during early and/or late stages of cell plate formation. Genetic interference of the endocytic pathway during cytokinesis, using a dominant negative (GDP-locked) form of the Rab5 homolog ARA7, or overexpression of the C-terminal part of clathrin heavy chain inhibited FM4-64 internalization and cause ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... within the cell wall. Monolignol polymerization occurs by oxidative combinatorial coupling of monolignols, catalyzed by cell wall-localized laccases and/or peroxidases (Vanholme et al., 2012). A peroxidase (ZPO-C), originally isolated from xylogenic Zinnia elegans cell cultures, has been localized t ...
... within the cell wall. Monolignol polymerization occurs by oxidative combinatorial coupling of monolignols, catalyzed by cell wall-localized laccases and/or peroxidases (Vanholme et al., 2012). A peroxidase (ZPO-C), originally isolated from xylogenic Zinnia elegans cell cultures, has been localized t ...
Comparing The Effects of Small Molecules BIX
... 50-fold for three-factor (Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4) and four-factor (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) reprogramming respectively. VPA enhances reprogramming efficiency and consequently provides a chance for reducing the number of required reprogramming factors. In the presence of VPA, the three-factor-infecte ...
... 50-fold for three-factor (Oct4, Sox2 and Klf4) and four-factor (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) reprogramming respectively. VPA enhances reprogramming efficiency and consequently provides a chance for reducing the number of required reprogramming factors. In the presence of VPA, the three-factor-infecte ...
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in innate immunity
... layers of regulation — including chromatin state, histone or DNA modifications, and the recruitment of transcription factors and of the basal transcription machinery — collaborate to control these pathogen-induced or danger signal-induced gene expression programmes5,6, which vary depending on the ce ...
... layers of regulation — including chromatin state, histone or DNA modifications, and the recruitment of transcription factors and of the basal transcription machinery — collaborate to control these pathogen-induced or danger signal-induced gene expression programmes5,6, which vary depending on the ce ...
Murine Siva-1 and Siva-2, alternate splice forms of the mouse Siva
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
Links between DNA Replication, Stem Cells and Cancer
... risk of cancers is strongly correlated with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue’s homeostasis [5]. These tissue progenitor cells must arise from the tissue specific stem cells produced during embryonic development (discussed below). The lifetime ri ...
... risk of cancers is strongly correlated with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue’s homeostasis [5]. These tissue progenitor cells must arise from the tissue specific stem cells produced during embryonic development (discussed below). The lifetime ri ...
Churchill, a Zinc Finger Transcriptional Activator, Regulates the
... midblastula transition (Figure 2B). Likewise, chick embryos electroporated with a tagged expression construct reveal nuclear localization in the epiblast at stage 6 (Figures 2C–2E). Since the predicted protein sequence does not include a nuclear localization signal, and since the protein does not lo ...
... midblastula transition (Figure 2B). Likewise, chick embryos electroporated with a tagged expression construct reveal nuclear localization in the epiblast at stage 6 (Figures 2C–2E). Since the predicted protein sequence does not include a nuclear localization signal, and since the protein does not lo ...
Heavy Metal Stress. Activation of Distinct Mitogen
... activation of SIMK (Fig. 4A, lane 5). Coexpression of SIMK with SIMKK strongly enhanced SIMK activation by CuCl2 (Fig. 4A, lane 8), while MEK1 and PRKK did not have any effect on SIMK activity (Fig. 4A, lanes 6 and 7). Analysis of cells coexpressing SAMK and MEK1, PRKK, or SIMKK revealed that CuCl2- ...
... activation of SIMK (Fig. 4A, lane 5). Coexpression of SIMK with SIMKK strongly enhanced SIMK activation by CuCl2 (Fig. 4A, lane 8), while MEK1 and PRKK did not have any effect on SIMK activity (Fig. 4A, lanes 6 and 7). Analysis of cells coexpressing SAMK and MEK1, PRKK, or SIMKK revealed that CuCl2- ...
Evo-engineering and the Cellular and Molecular Origins of
... from the rest of the body and determines and controls motor, sensory and cognitive functions. Behind the brain and extending posteriorly the length of the organism is the spinal cord that relays information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. The brain and the spinal cord are functionally ...
... from the rest of the body and determines and controls motor, sensory and cognitive functions. Behind the brain and extending posteriorly the length of the organism is the spinal cord that relays information to and from the brain to the rest of the body. The brain and the spinal cord are functionally ...
315-332
... A secondary cell wall, if present, is laid down internally to the primary cell wall at the onset of differentiation, once cell growth has ceased. Secondary cell wall composition and ultrastructure in spermatophytes varies from one cell type to another as well as between plant species. This variabili ...
... A secondary cell wall, if present, is laid down internally to the primary cell wall at the onset of differentiation, once cell growth has ceased. Secondary cell wall composition and ultrastructure in spermatophytes varies from one cell type to another as well as between plant species. This variabili ...
Barley MLA Immune Receptors Directly Interfere
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...
... against the grass powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh) (Seeholzer et al., 2010). MLA1 strain-specific disease resistance to Bgh and cell death signaling of other tested MLA recognition specificities is evolutionarily conserved in different plant lineages (i.e. in transgenic Arabi ...