Exocytosis and cell polarity in plants exocyst and recycling domains
... (2008) recently noted: ‘Solving the mystery of how secreted proteins reach the plasma membrane remains a formidable challenge for the plant field’. We thus may need to speculate more often than usual for this type of review. Here, we focus on the last exocytosis step between donor compartments and t ...
... (2008) recently noted: ‘Solving the mystery of how secreted proteins reach the plasma membrane remains a formidable challenge for the plant field’. We thus may need to speculate more often than usual for this type of review. Here, we focus on the last exocytosis step between donor compartments and t ...
TR3 is preferentially expressed by bulge epithelial stem
... a subpopulation of outer root sheath (ORS) cells located in the upper portion of ORS near the insertion of the arrector pili muscle.2,4 The cyclic hair growth requires intricate balance among cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Several pathways have been discovered in the regulation ...
... a subpopulation of outer root sheath (ORS) cells located in the upper portion of ORS near the insertion of the arrector pili muscle.2,4 The cyclic hair growth requires intricate balance among cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Several pathways have been discovered in the regulation ...
Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and
... death [5]. For instance, ROS act upstream of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Bax relocalization, cytochrome c release, executing caspase activation and nuclear fragmentation [6,7]. In plants, ⇑ Corresponding author. Fax: +86 20 85216052. E-mail address: xingda@scnu.edu.cn (D. Xing). ...
... death [5]. For instance, ROS act upstream of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, Bax relocalization, cytochrome c release, executing caspase activation and nuclear fragmentation [6,7]. In plants, ⇑ Corresponding author. Fax: +86 20 85216052. E-mail address: xingda@scnu.edu.cn (D. Xing). ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
... into 2D space. Since the meristem is dome-shaped, when projecting the meristem from the top the cells in the center are viewed perpendicularly while the cells towards the edges are viewed at an angle. This non-perpendicular viewing angle distorts the lengths of the cell walls and the angles at which ...
ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION OF THE PLANT CELL WALL
... are three dimensional but methods for observing growth, such as photography, are inherently two dimensional. Furthermore, growth within a volume can be spatially heterogeneous, but usually only the surface is accessible. Thus the velocities at which elements inside the organ move are obscure. Both o ...
... are three dimensional but methods for observing growth, such as photography, are inherently two dimensional. Furthermore, growth within a volume can be spatially heterogeneous, but usually only the surface is accessible. Thus the velocities at which elements inside the organ move are obscure. Both o ...
Cyclin synthesis and degradation and the embryonic cell cycle
... mRNA-dependent extracts are arrested in interphase but can be induced to start cycling by adding pure sea urchin or frog cyclin B m R N A . In each cycle, cyclin accumulates during interphase and is then destroyed at the end of mitosis, demonstrating that cyclin synthesis, in the absence of other pr ...
... mRNA-dependent extracts are arrested in interphase but can be induced to start cycling by adding pure sea urchin or frog cyclin B m R N A . In each cycle, cyclin accumulates during interphase and is then destroyed at the end of mitosis, demonstrating that cyclin synthesis, in the absence of other pr ...
The Arabidopsis sku6-spiral1 gene encodes a plus end
... SPR1 Is a Novel Plant-Specific Gene Belonging to a Multigene Family The T-DNA element responsible for the spr1-6 mutation was inserted at codon 75 within the second exon of a three-exon gene (At2g03680) predicted to encode a novel 119–amino acid polypeptide (12 kD; Figures 3A and 3B). BLAST searches ...
... SPR1 Is a Novel Plant-Specific Gene Belonging to a Multigene Family The T-DNA element responsible for the spr1-6 mutation was inserted at codon 75 within the second exon of a three-exon gene (At2g03680) predicted to encode a novel 119–amino acid polypeptide (12 kD; Figures 3A and 3B). BLAST searches ...
Htr2a-Expressing Cells in the Central Amygdala Control
... immobile time during a test period and is widely used as a quantitative marker for fear in various experimental paradigms (Blanchard and Blanchard, 1969; Bouton and Bolles, 1980; Bolles and Fanselow, 1980). A learned-freezing response is easily induced by pairing a neutral odorant with electric foot ...
... immobile time during a test period and is widely used as a quantitative marker for fear in various experimental paradigms (Blanchard and Blanchard, 1969; Bouton and Bolles, 1980; Bolles and Fanselow, 1980). A learned-freezing response is easily induced by pairing a neutral odorant with electric foot ...
Retinoid signaling regulates primitive (yolk sac
... studies using human volunteers and nutritional surveys of populations from underdeveloped countries find a statistically significant correlation between vitamin A deficiency and anemia, independent of total iron-binding capacity. Studies using a vitamin A–deficient (VAD) rat model led to contrasting ...
... studies using human volunteers and nutritional surveys of populations from underdeveloped countries find a statistically significant correlation between vitamin A deficiency and anemia, independent of total iron-binding capacity. Studies using a vitamin A–deficient (VAD) rat model led to contrasting ...
Germline stem cell niches
... (Lamont et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2006). fbf-2 and lip-1 encode a Pumilio-like translational repressor and a MAPK phosphatase, respectively, which function in repressing intrinsic germ cell differentiation programs. Particularly, FBF-2 works with another Pumilio-like gene FBF-1 to repress expression ...
... (Lamont et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2006). fbf-2 and lip-1 encode a Pumilio-like translational repressor and a MAPK phosphatase, respectively, which function in repressing intrinsic germ cell differentiation programs. Particularly, FBF-2 works with another Pumilio-like gene FBF-1 to repress expression ...
Protective effects of sphingosine-1
... injury achieved by pre-treatment with exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological S1P receptor agonists improve recovery of function when applied with reperfusion. Methods and results Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with exogenous S1P, the selec ...
... injury achieved by pre-treatment with exogenous sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We tested the hypothesis that pharmacological S1P receptor agonists improve recovery of function when applied with reperfusion. Methods and results Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were stimulated with exogenous S1P, the selec ...
The pattern recognition receptor Nod1 activates CCAAT/enhancer binding
... ABSTRACT: The innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein 1 (Nod1) recognises peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid found in all Gramnegative and some Gram-positive bacteria. Nod1 has been shown to activate nuclear factor (NF)kB. The aim of the present study ...
... ABSTRACT: The innate immune receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein 1 (Nod1) recognises peptidoglycan containing meso-diaminopimelic acid found in all Gramnegative and some Gram-positive bacteria. Nod1 has been shown to activate nuclear factor (NF)kB. The aim of the present study ...
The regulation of Krox-20 expression reveals important steps in the
... coincides with precursor to Schwann cell transition Since the expression of Krox-20 in the PNS involves axonal signalling, the activation of the gene in vivo at 15.5 dpc raises an important question: is this the consequence of a change in the neurons, which acquire the capacity to provide the signal ...
... coincides with precursor to Schwann cell transition Since the expression of Krox-20 in the PNS involves axonal signalling, the activation of the gene in vivo at 15.5 dpc raises an important question: is this the consequence of a change in the neurons, which acquire the capacity to provide the signal ...
Specification of the C. elegans MS blastomere by the T
... the end-1 and end-3 promoters (Broitman-Maduro et al., 2005), and white circles for three lower-affinity RGGTATAC sites based on in vitro competition assays (G.B.-M., K.L., W.H. and M.M., unpublished). No additional MED sites are found elsewhere in the gene. We were unable to amplify the 5⬘ end of t ...
... the end-1 and end-3 promoters (Broitman-Maduro et al., 2005), and white circles for three lower-affinity RGGTATAC sites based on in vitro competition assays (G.B.-M., K.L., W.H. and M.M., unpublished). No additional MED sites are found elsewhere in the gene. We were unable to amplify the 5⬘ end of t ...
Cell cycle exit during terminal erythroid differentiation is associated
... events other than p27Kip1 binding or loss of cyclin D from the complex. The data demonstrate that p27Kip1 differentially regulates the activity of cdk4 and cdk2 during terminal erythroid differentiation and suggests a switching mechanism whereby cdk4 functions to sequester p27Kip1 until a specified ...
... events other than p27Kip1 binding or loss of cyclin D from the complex. The data demonstrate that p27Kip1 differentially regulates the activity of cdk4 and cdk2 during terminal erythroid differentiation and suggests a switching mechanism whereby cdk4 functions to sequester p27Kip1 until a specified ...
Microtubule
... unidentified until recently. HDAC6, a newly identified member of the histone deacetylase family, was recently identified as a tubulin deacetylase (20, 21). HDAC6 was found to co-localize with microtubules in cells and deacetylate microtubules both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HDAC6 function ap ...
... unidentified until recently. HDAC6, a newly identified member of the histone deacetylase family, was recently identified as a tubulin deacetylase (20, 21). HDAC6 was found to co-localize with microtubules in cells and deacetylate microtubules both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, HDAC6 function ap ...
Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in
... nick-end labeling (TUNEL)–positive cells increased, and caspase-3 was cleaved in failing hearts. The antagonism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor prevented upregulation of ER chaperones and apoptosis in failing hearts. On the other hand, angiotensin II upregulated ER chaperones and induced apoptosis ...
... nick-end labeling (TUNEL)–positive cells increased, and caspase-3 was cleaved in failing hearts. The antagonism of angiotensin II type 1 receptor prevented upregulation of ER chaperones and apoptosis in failing hearts. On the other hand, angiotensin II upregulated ER chaperones and induced apoptosis ...
Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... The endodermis in Arabidopsis root does undergo more asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often o ...
... The endodermis in Arabidopsis root does undergo more asymmetric cell divisions, but this usually happens at later developmental stages (more than 2 weeks after germination) (Baum et al., 2002; Paquette and Benfey, 2005). Three layers of cortex have been observed (Baum et al., 2002), but more often o ...
Essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in the development of
... interstitial fibrosis (14, 15). Previously we demonstrated that there was DNA damage or apoptosis in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells in IPF, using the TUNEL method (16). Damage to and apoptosis of epithelial cells in acute lung injury were also demonstrated (17, 18). Furthermore, we found ...
... interstitial fibrosis (14, 15). Previously we demonstrated that there was DNA damage or apoptosis in bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells in IPF, using the TUNEL method (16). Damage to and apoptosis of epithelial cells in acute lung injury were also demonstrated (17, 18). Furthermore, we found ...
Extended Survivability of Prostate Cancer Cells
... hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cells. Little information exists in regard to differential properties of normal and cancerous prostate epithelial cells in terms of sensitivity to apoptosis induction. Furthermore, no systematic studies have been performed to investigate the interrelationship ...
... hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cells. Little information exists in regard to differential properties of normal and cancerous prostate epithelial cells in terms of sensitivity to apoptosis induction. Furthermore, no systematic studies have been performed to investigate the interrelationship ...
Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and
... as creep in the mechanical sense is useful for designing experiments to measure it, but is probably not very useful for understanding what is happening inside a cell wall while it extends. For this, it is not enough to consider the cell wall as a material. We need to know not only how its component ...
... as creep in the mechanical sense is useful for designing experiments to measure it, but is probably not very useful for understanding what is happening inside a cell wall while it extends. For this, it is not enough to consider the cell wall as a material. We need to know not only how its component ...