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... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
ChemGym_ForensicsAnswers
... 8. The Breathalyzer has been largely replaced by the Intoxilyzer, which uses IR spectroscopy to detect and quantitate ethanol. IR spectroscopy is specific for different functional groups. What are the functional groups in ethanol that could be monitored? Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, has a –CH3 methyl group a ...
... 8. The Breathalyzer has been largely replaced by the Intoxilyzer, which uses IR spectroscopy to detect and quantitate ethanol. IR spectroscopy is specific for different functional groups. What are the functional groups in ethanol that could be monitored? Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, has a –CH3 methyl group a ...
Lecture 8
... Respiration is a redox reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP. It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor. ...
... Respiration is a redox reaction that processes energy in a form usable by an organism, chiefly the process of producing ATP. It employs an electron transport chain, with inorganic molecules other than oxygen used as a final electron acceptor. ...
CHAPTER-IV LIPID METABOLISM BETA
... BETA-OXIDATION Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatt ...
... BETA-OXIDATION Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids, in the form of acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in mitochondria and/or peroxisomes to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle. The beta oxidation of fatty acids involve three stages: 1. Activation of fatt ...
Respiration Notes - Streetsboro City Schools
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
7 CellRespiration
... step. How many NADHs are produced per pyruvate? Per glucose? How many FADHs are made per pyruvate? Per glucose? How many carbon dioxide molecules are released per pyruvate and per glucose? How many ATP made, and by what phosphorylation process? 9. How many ATP are made by substrate level phosphoryla ...
... step. How many NADHs are produced per pyruvate? Per glucose? How many FADHs are made per pyruvate? Per glucose? How many carbon dioxide molecules are released per pyruvate and per glucose? How many ATP made, and by what phosphorylation process? 9. How many ATP are made by substrate level phosphoryla ...
File - Ms. Richards IB Biology HL
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
... 1. Covalent electrons of methane are equally shared because carbon and hydrogen have similar electronegativities 2. As methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons shift away from carbon and hydrogen to the more electronegative oxygen 3. Since electrons lose potential energy when the ...
Old Exam 1 Questions KEY
... channel by osmosis, and the energy in this water flow is used to power ATP synthesis. c. H+ movement down a concentration gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase results in ATP synthesis d. All these statements describe parts of the chemiosmotic mecha ...
... channel by osmosis, and the energy in this water flow is used to power ATP synthesis. c. H+ movement down a concentration gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase results in ATP synthesis d. All these statements describe parts of the chemiosmotic mecha ...
Cellular Respiration
... The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH2 occurs along an electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The electrons end up in oxygen . ...
... The movement of electrons from NADH and FADH2 occurs along an electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. The electrons end up in oxygen . ...
14) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for
... energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system B) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation C) energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space D) ...
... energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system B) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation C) energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space D) ...
Lesson Objective: Vocabulary: Lesson Question: Focus Question
... Therefore, we can say that the products of cell cellular ular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis and conversely, the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, ...
... Therefore, we can say that the products of cell cellular ular respiration are the reactants in photosynthesis and conversely, the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... y So far, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have produced only 4 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (substrate-level phosphorylation) y 2 ATP from glycolysis + 2 NADH y 2 ATP from citric acid cycle + 4 NADH + FADH2 ...
... y So far, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle have produced only 4 ATP molecules per glucose molecule (substrate-level phosphorylation) y 2 ATP from glycolysis + 2 NADH y 2 ATP from citric acid cycle + 4 NADH + FADH2 ...
Cellular Respiration
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
... Heart attack – blood can’t flow to pick up oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Gunshot – If you are shot in the lungs they can’t bring in oxygen – without oxygen you can’t make ATP – you die Diabetes – Your cells can’t get glucose inside of them – If your cells can’t get gluc ...
NAME: : :______ Honors Biology Reading Guide – Chapter 6
... 75. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration involved in a cycle? ...
... 75. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration involved in a cycle? ...
Pg. ___ 4/28 Daily Catalyst
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
... A) Unicellular organisms that live in freshwater, such as amoeba, must pump out excess water using their contractile vacuole B) The enzyme lactase binds with lactose to produce molecules of glucose and galactose C) Electrons escaping from chlorophyll a are replaced by those released by the hydrolysi ...
O 2
... formula shows glucose, but that is just an example could be other sugars, fats or proteins ...
... formula shows glucose, but that is just an example could be other sugars, fats or proteins ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis Control of glycolytic pathway
... In lactase-deficient individuals, gut bacteria metabolize lactose, generating CH4 and H2, and disrupt water balance in the intestine. ...
... In lactase-deficient individuals, gut bacteria metabolize lactose, generating CH4 and H2, and disrupt water balance in the intestine. ...
Prentice Hall Biology
... ______2) from Krebs to convert ____ to ATP. Carrier proteins ________ in the mitochondrial membrane pass high-energy ________ along and ______ H+ into the intermembrane space Oxygen is the final electron ________ and combines with hydrogen to form water Go to Section: ...
... ______2) from Krebs to convert ____ to ATP. Carrier proteins ________ in the mitochondrial membrane pass high-energy ________ along and ______ H+ into the intermembrane space Oxygen is the final electron ________ and combines with hydrogen to form water Go to Section: ...
2. In a double helix a region along one DNA strand
... and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that the sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that a. the mixture needs more sugar. Yeast need plenty of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol. b. ...
... and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that the sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that a. the mixture needs more sugar. Yeast need plenty of energy before they can begin to produce alcohol. b. ...
Q1. (a) Describe the part played by the inner membrane of a
... Mitochondria were under investigation so glucose was not used as the respiratory substrate since it does not enter mitochondria. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly few candidates were able to explain this adequately. ...
... Mitochondria were under investigation so glucose was not used as the respiratory substrate since it does not enter mitochondria. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Surprisingly few candidates were able to explain this adequately. ...
The following two questions relate to a cell that has an electrical
... For each of the following statements, darken ‘a’ if the statement is true only for glycolysis, ‘b’ if the statement is true only for the Krebs cycle, ‘c’ if the statement is true only for the oxidative phosphorylation reactions within the electron transport chain ...
... For each of the following statements, darken ‘a’ if the statement is true only for glycolysis, ‘b’ if the statement is true only for the Krebs cycle, ‘c’ if the statement is true only for the oxidative phosphorylation reactions within the electron transport chain ...
Cellular Respiration
... • In the process of breaking glucose in half two molecules of ATP are needed but four molecules of ATP are produced creating a net gain of two molecules of ATP • 4 high energy electrons are also removed and added to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) creating NADH, which helps pass energy from ...
... • In the process of breaking glucose in half two molecules of ATP are needed but four molecules of ATP are produced creating a net gain of two molecules of ATP • 4 high energy electrons are also removed and added to NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) creating NADH, which helps pass energy from ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.