Respiration - Mayfield City Schools
... • How do the electrons get transported to the special proteins involved? carried by carrier molecules NADH, FADH2 • What is the primary function of the chain? to make ATP ...
... • How do the electrons get transported to the special proteins involved? carried by carrier molecules NADH, FADH2 • What is the primary function of the chain? to make ATP ...
StudY Guide Micro Chapter 7
... * When chemical bonds are made, energy is utilized: When they are broken energy is released. * Anabolism is building larger molecules from simple molecules: utilizes energy * Catabolism is breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules: releases energy * Endergonic reaction: energy is absorbe ...
... * When chemical bonds are made, energy is utilized: When they are broken energy is released. * Anabolism is building larger molecules from simple molecules: utilizes energy * Catabolism is breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules: releases energy * Endergonic reaction: energy is absorbe ...
Which of the following correctly sequences the steps of the scientific
... b.stack of thylakoids. c.membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d.photosynthetic pigment molecule. ...
... b.stack of thylakoids. c.membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d.photosynthetic pigment molecule. ...
energy flow photo and cell resp review
... 3. shows how energy and matter flow from producers to consumers c. cellular respiration 4. also known as autotrophs d. consumer 5. the ability to do work e. decomposer 6. stores chemical energy in a concentrated, stable form f. energy 7. the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy g. food ...
... 3. shows how energy and matter flow from producers to consumers c. cellular respiration 4. also known as autotrophs d. consumer 5. the ability to do work e. decomposer 6. stores chemical energy in a concentrated, stable form f. energy 7. the energy-carrying molecule that cells use for energy g. food ...
Which of the following correctly sequences the steps of the scientific
... b.stack of thylakoids. c.membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d.photosynthetic pigment molecule. ...
... b.stack of thylakoids. c.membrane enclosing a thylakoid. d.photosynthetic pigment molecule. ...
Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxidation & Kreb`s Cycle
... (biochemist at the Univ. of Sheffield) in 1937. He won the Nobel Prize in 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloace ...
... (biochemist at the Univ. of Sheffield) in 1937. He won the Nobel Prize in 1953 along with Fritz Albert Lipmann who discovered the importance of coenzyme-A. An 8-step process with each step catalyzed by a specific enzyme. It is a cycle because the product of step 8 is the reactant in step 1 (oxaloace ...
Cellular Respiration Worksheet and Answers
... 13. Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed? a. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP levels (high) b. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP ...
... 13. Under which condition would you expect the mitochondrial proton gradient to be highest and therefore ATP synthesis to proceed? a. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP levels (high) b. Pyruvate (present) oxygen (present) ATP ...
ATP GENERATION The energy captured within ATP can then be
... Fatty acids attacked by Beta-oxidation pathway. ...
... Fatty acids attacked by Beta-oxidation pathway. ...
Key Terms
... giant wheels called turbines. Similarly, your mitochondria have protein structures called ATP synthases that act like miniature turbines. Hydrogen ions pumped by electron transport rush back "downhill" through the ATP synthase. The ATP synthase uses the energy from the flow of H+ ions to convert ADP ...
... giant wheels called turbines. Similarly, your mitochondria have protein structures called ATP synthases that act like miniature turbines. Hydrogen ions pumped by electron transport rush back "downhill" through the ATP synthase. The ATP synthase uses the energy from the flow of H+ ions to convert ADP ...
Cellular Respiration
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
... Each NADH & H+ converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH & H+). ...
Supplementary material for table on macromolecular cell
... This does not include ATP that is accounted in the detailed stoichiometry of cell construction that includes most importantly protein polymerization but also lipid biosynthesis, precursor building blocks synthesis, transport processes etc. Those were accounted for separately and as shown for example ...
... This does not include ATP that is accounted in the detailed stoichiometry of cell construction that includes most importantly protein polymerization but also lipid biosynthesis, precursor building blocks synthesis, transport processes etc. Those were accounted for separately and as shown for example ...
Metabolism
... Each of these reactions requires a specific enzyme that increases the rate of the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemi ...
... Each of these reactions requires a specific enzyme that increases the rate of the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemi ...
File - myrnafoxsciencespot
... ** it takes two ATP to transfer the electrons from NADH produced by glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix. Consequently, the total ATP produced by the aerobic respiration of one glucose is 36. Even the total of 36 ATP per glucose is an average because the c ...
... ** it takes two ATP to transfer the electrons from NADH produced by glycolysis (in the cytoplasm) through the mitochondrial membrane into the matrix. Consequently, the total ATP produced by the aerobic respiration of one glucose is 36. Even the total of 36 ATP per glucose is an average because the c ...
chapter8 - Teacherpage
... E Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each of two intermediates to ADP. Two more ATP have formed by substrate-level phosphorylation. Two molecules of pyruvate form at this last reaction step. F Summing up, glycolysis yields two NADH, two ATP (net), and two pyruvate for each glucose molecule. Fig ...
... E Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from each of two intermediates to ADP. Two more ATP have formed by substrate-level phosphorylation. Two molecules of pyruvate form at this last reaction step. F Summing up, glycolysis yields two NADH, two ATP (net), and two pyruvate for each glucose molecule. Fig ...
exam two_study guide
... What are hyper, hypo and isotonic solutions? What happens to the volume of cells in these solutions? What is osmoregulation? What are aquaporins and how/why do they relate to facilitated diffusion and osmosis? What is the difference (structure and function) between channels and aquaporins? What are: ...
... What are hyper, hypo and isotonic solutions? What happens to the volume of cells in these solutions? What is osmoregulation? What are aquaporins and how/why do they relate to facilitated diffusion and osmosis? What is the difference (structure and function) between channels and aquaporins? What are: ...
1.Oxidative phosphorylation
... ATP readily forms a complex with magnesium ion, and it is this complex that is required in all reactions in which ATP participates, including its synthesis. A magnesium deficiency impairs virtually all of metabolism, because ATP can neither be made nor utilized in adequate amounts ...
... ATP readily forms a complex with magnesium ion, and it is this complex that is required in all reactions in which ATP participates, including its synthesis. A magnesium deficiency impairs virtually all of metabolism, because ATP can neither be made nor utilized in adequate amounts ...
6. Respiration - WordPress.com
... 15. Outline the process of oxidative phosphorylation, with reference to the roles of electron carriers, oxygen and the mitochondrial cristae Reduced NAD and reduced FAD need to be oxidised again in order for reactions to continue, this occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and transfers energy to ...
... 15. Outline the process of oxidative phosphorylation, with reference to the roles of electron carriers, oxygen and the mitochondrial cristae Reduced NAD and reduced FAD need to be oxidised again in order for reactions to continue, this occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and transfers energy to ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... Oxidation of 2 isocitrate (2NADH) 6 ATP Oxidation of 2 -ketoglutarate (2NADH) 6 ATP 2 Direct substrate phosphorylations (2GTP) 2 ATP Oxidation of 2 succinate (2FADH2) 4 ATP Oxidation of 2 malate (2NADH) 6 ATP 24 ATP Summary: 2Acetyl CoA + 24 ADP + 24 Pi 4CO2 + 2H2O + 24 ATP + 2 CoASH ...
... Oxidation of 2 isocitrate (2NADH) 6 ATP Oxidation of 2 -ketoglutarate (2NADH) 6 ATP 2 Direct substrate phosphorylations (2GTP) 2 ATP Oxidation of 2 succinate (2FADH2) 4 ATP Oxidation of 2 malate (2NADH) 6 ATP 24 ATP Summary: 2Acetyl CoA + 24 ADP + 24 Pi 4CO2 + 2H2O + 24 ATP + 2 CoASH ...
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 sets of main reactions in the chloroplast
... are known as ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) DNA; d) membranes; e) endoplasm ...
... are known as ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 19. The fluid-filled area of the chloroplast is the ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) thylakoids; d) cristae; e) matrix 20. The chloroplast contains all of these except ___. a) grana; b) stroma; c) DNA; d) membranes; e) endoplasm ...
Cellular Respiration
... created is then changed to the same fourcarbon compound that started the cycle • Anther molecule of NADH is produced too. ...
... created is then changed to the same fourcarbon compound that started the cycle • Anther molecule of NADH is produced too. ...
Chapter 6
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
... from sugar to oxygen, we also follow the transfer of electrons. During cellular respiration, hydrogen and its bonding electrons change partners from sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product. Energy is also released. ...
2 Lec 4 Muscle Metabolism V10
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
... • Citric acid cycle (cont.) • Transitional phase is where each pyruvic acid is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in three steps • Each acetic acid is decarboxylated and ...
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
... made up of fatty acids & glycerol Proteins = amino acids Nucleic acids = nucleotides ...
... made up of fatty acids & glycerol Proteins = amino acids Nucleic acids = nucleotides ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.