Optimization of the heterologous expression of folate metabolic Plasmodium falciparum
... therefore imperative that novel drug targets are developed or current antimalarial drugs optimized (Foley and Tilley 1998). One such target is folate biosynthesis, given that folates and their derivatives are required for the survival of organisms (Muller et al. 2009). DHFR and DHPS are currently th ...
... therefore imperative that novel drug targets are developed or current antimalarial drugs optimized (Foley and Tilley 1998). One such target is folate biosynthesis, given that folates and their derivatives are required for the survival of organisms (Muller et al. 2009). DHFR and DHPS are currently th ...
Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body
... RNA polymerase (pol) I transcription machinery such as UBF, close to Wbrillarin-containing caps. In the central body are proteins derived from the GC, some of which are progressively released, such as PM-Scl 100. It was recently demonstrated that certain nucleolar caps of segregated nucleoli could r ...
... RNA polymerase (pol) I transcription machinery such as UBF, close to Wbrillarin-containing caps. In the central body are proteins derived from the GC, some of which are progressively released, such as PM-Scl 100. It was recently demonstrated that certain nucleolar caps of segregated nucleoli could r ...
The TSC1–TSC2 complex: a molecular switchboard controlling cell
... an upstream inhibitor of S6K, perhaps through inhibition of TOR signalling. TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) family, with orthologues found in all eukaryotes. TOR proteins play an evolutionarily conserved role in the control of cell gro ...
... an upstream inhibitor of S6K, perhaps through inhibition of TOR signalling. TOR proteins are serine/threonine kinases of the PIKK (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related kinase) family, with orthologues found in all eukaryotes. TOR proteins play an evolutionarily conserved role in the control of cell gro ...
The Golgi-Localized Arabidopsis Endomembrane
... several type I membrane proteins that interact with COPI vesicles (Cosson and Letourneur, 1994; Schröder et al., 1995; Harter and Wieland, 1998; Gomez et al., 2000). Recently, the semiconserved Phe-Leu-Ser-like motifs were identified as Golgi retention signals in the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of glycos ...
... several type I membrane proteins that interact with COPI vesicles (Cosson and Letourneur, 1994; Schröder et al., 1995; Harter and Wieland, 1998; Gomez et al., 2000). Recently, the semiconserved Phe-Leu-Ser-like motifs were identified as Golgi retention signals in the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of glycos ...
ANALYSIS OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE P22 VIRAL SPREAD CHARACTERIZATION AS IMMUNOBIOSENSOR
... accumulation of the phage lysis proteins (Wang, I.N. et al., 2000), the bacteria begin to lyse and dies. Then, the new synthesized and mature virions are released into the extracellular space (Doermann, A.H., 1952; Orlova, E.V., 2012), ready to find new hosts to infect. The progeny release could occ ...
... accumulation of the phage lysis proteins (Wang, I.N. et al., 2000), the bacteria begin to lyse and dies. Then, the new synthesized and mature virions are released into the extracellular space (Doermann, A.H., 1952; Orlova, E.V., 2012), ready to find new hosts to infect. The progeny release could occ ...
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... millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascular system and tissue fluids in the mammalian host and the intestinal tract and salivary g ...
... millions of farm animals in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In order to shuttle between different hosts, this parasite had to develop a complex life cycle, which includes two very different host environments: the vascular system and tissue fluids in the mammalian host and the intestinal tract and salivary g ...
Homeostasis and the Importance for a Balance
... signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which in turns phosphorylates phosphoinositides to generate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). Phosphatase and tensin homolog (P ...
... signaling. Upon activation the insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate (IRS), which activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which in turns phosphorylates phosphoinositides to generate phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). Phosphatase and tensin homolog (P ...
Distribution and phylogeny of the bacterial translational GTPases
... families of trGTPases - IF2/eIF5B, SelB/eIF2γ, EF-Tu/EF-1α and EFG/EF-2 - can be distinguished (Leipe et al. 2002). For each of those families one ancestral gene existed in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) (Leipe et al. 2002). Additional trGTPase families appeared later. These additional fa ...
... families of trGTPases - IF2/eIF5B, SelB/eIF2γ, EF-Tu/EF-1α and EFG/EF-2 - can be distinguished (Leipe et al. 2002). For each of those families one ancestral gene existed in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) (Leipe et al. 2002). Additional trGTPase families appeared later. These additional fa ...
Anal. Chem. (2011) - American Chemical Society
... studies1 and cleaves proteins specifically at the basic residues arginine (R) and lysine (K). Due to the frequency of these amino acids in protein sequences and their side group high basicities, the resulting peptides are well suited for collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation in tandem M ...
... studies1 and cleaves proteins specifically at the basic residues arginine (R) and lysine (K). Due to the frequency of these amino acids in protein sequences and their side group high basicities, the resulting peptides are well suited for collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation in tandem M ...
0Gcn2BJ2final
... domains specialized in calcium binding (EF hands and C2 motifs) act as calcium receptors but protons bind to all proteins, whose histidine groups constitute a major cellular buffer [17]. Accordingly, very few proton receptors involved in cell regulation have been identified. Yeast cells have two sig ...
... domains specialized in calcium binding (EF hands and C2 motifs) act as calcium receptors but protons bind to all proteins, whose histidine groups constitute a major cellular buffer [17]. Accordingly, very few proton receptors involved in cell regulation have been identified. Yeast cells have two sig ...
Plant lipid transfer proteins - Evolution, expression and function Monika Edstam
... different lipids in vitro, but their in vivo functions have not yet been elucidated. They seem to play a role in the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses; the gene expression of nsLTPs is often upregulated when exposed to stresses. Further, two different nsLTPs have been shown to affect the l ...
... different lipids in vitro, but their in vivo functions have not yet been elucidated. They seem to play a role in the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses; the gene expression of nsLTPs is often upregulated when exposed to stresses. Further, two different nsLTPs have been shown to affect the l ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... the panel of human ribosomes, the yeast 80S structure is shown in grayscale, and dashed lines indicate the positions of long RNA expansion segments, which are the most distinctive feature of ribosomes from higher eukaryotes ...
... the panel of human ribosomes, the yeast 80S structure is shown in grayscale, and dashed lines indicate the positions of long RNA expansion segments, which are the most distinctive feature of ribosomes from higher eukaryotes ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... expression, implicating APN in a receptor-mediated transmembrane signaling event. Stratifin deletion studies implicated its C-terminus as a potential APN-binding site. Furthermore, the dephosphorylation of APN ectodomains reduced its binding affinity to the stratifin. The presence of a phosphorylate ...
... expression, implicating APN in a receptor-mediated transmembrane signaling event. Stratifin deletion studies implicated its C-terminus as a potential APN-binding site. Furthermore, the dephosphorylation of APN ectodomains reduced its binding affinity to the stratifin. The presence of a phosphorylate ...
EMD Millipore Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktails
... Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins mediate signal transduction events that control a multitude of cellular processes such as cell division, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Target proteins are phosphorylated by protein kinases that transfer a phosphate group to a specific protein, t ...
... Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins mediate signal transduction events that control a multitude of cellular processes such as cell division, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Target proteins are phosphorylated by protein kinases that transfer a phosphate group to a specific protein, t ...
Ubiquitination and Auxin Signaling: A Degrading Story
... Genetic data have established the importance of regulating the stability of Aux/IAA proteins, suggesting that the plant might respond to auxin by regulating the turnover of Aux/ IAAs. Although previous analysis had suggested that this was not the case (Abel et al., 1994), recent work examining the s ...
... Genetic data have established the importance of regulating the stability of Aux/IAA proteins, suggesting that the plant might respond to auxin by regulating the turnover of Aux/ IAAs. Although previous analysis had suggested that this was not the case (Abel et al., 1994), recent work examining the s ...
Polarity Control of Spindle Positioning in the C. elegans Embryo
... Off-center positioning of the spindle causes the division to be asymmetric in size as well. The final panel illustrates an extrinsic asymmetric division. The two daughter cells do not inherit different fate determinants during mitosis, but receive different extrinsic signals that promote their disti ...
... Off-center positioning of the spindle causes the division to be asymmetric in size as well. The final panel illustrates an extrinsic asymmetric division. The two daughter cells do not inherit different fate determinants during mitosis, but receive different extrinsic signals that promote their disti ...
The HSP90-SGT1 Chaperone Complex for NLR
... Unlike the transmembrane-type immune sensors, NLR proteins appear to recognize pathogen determinants in the cytoplasm. For example, major pools of plant NLR proteins, including RPM1, the Mla alleles, and RPS4, are membrane associated but have no obvious transmembrane domains (13, 16, 131). Conversel ...
... Unlike the transmembrane-type immune sensors, NLR proteins appear to recognize pathogen determinants in the cytoplasm. For example, major pools of plant NLR proteins, including RPM1, the Mla alleles, and RPS4, are membrane associated but have no obvious transmembrane domains (13, 16, 131). Conversel ...
Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal
... proteins. Given the extraordinary complexity and diversity of MAPK regulation and function, it is critical that the efficiency and selectivity of MAPK pathways be preserved. Scaffold proteins bind and sequester select MAPK pathway components, and thereby help to maintain pathway integrity and to per ...
... proteins. Given the extraordinary complexity and diversity of MAPK regulation and function, it is critical that the efficiency and selectivity of MAPK pathways be preserved. Scaffold proteins bind and sequester select MAPK pathway components, and thereby help to maintain pathway integrity and to per ...
Essays41 Chap03 - Essays in Biochemistry
... easily cover this distance by diffusion, and by use of these substrates it has been found that archaebacterial proteasomes preferentially hydrolyse peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of large hydrophobic amino-acid residues, thus exhibiting chymotrypsin-like specificity. However, within protein su ...
... easily cover this distance by diffusion, and by use of these substrates it has been found that archaebacterial proteasomes preferentially hydrolyse peptide bonds at the C-terminal side of large hydrophobic amino-acid residues, thus exhibiting chymotrypsin-like specificity. However, within protein su ...
Mechanisms associated with phagocytosis of
... water. Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging potential zoonotic pathogen that can be isolated from environmental water sources, where they can establish endosymbiotic relationships with amoebas. The aim of this study was to describe the implication of mannose-binding proteins and membraneassociated rec ...
... water. Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging potential zoonotic pathogen that can be isolated from environmental water sources, where they can establish endosymbiotic relationships with amoebas. The aim of this study was to describe the implication of mannose-binding proteins and membraneassociated rec ...
TESI DOCTORAL NEUROKININ-1 RECEPTOR: STRATEGIES OF EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION AND REFOLDING
... precursors by the action of specific processing proteases. Typical cleavage points are Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg, and Arg-Lys doublets and the cleavage is carried out by six groups of proteolytic enzymes called convertases (Steiner et al., 1992). Like all other neurotransmitters, neuronal tachykinins are rel ...
... precursors by the action of specific processing proteases. Typical cleavage points are Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg, and Arg-Lys doublets and the cleavage is carried out by six groups of proteolytic enzymes called convertases (Steiner et al., 1992). Like all other neurotransmitters, neuronal tachykinins are rel ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... produces a wall-associated teichuronic acid as well Studies with S . aureus strains as teichoic acid, which it masks (Park et al., 1974). We had available various S. aureus strains Strain T, which may be regarded as micro-capsulate including “typical” ones, mutants with teichoic (Park et al., 1974; ...
... produces a wall-associated teichuronic acid as well Studies with S . aureus strains as teichoic acid, which it masks (Park et al., 1974). We had available various S. aureus strains Strain T, which may be regarded as micro-capsulate including “typical” ones, mutants with teichoic (Park et al., 1974; ...
S. cerevisiae Mitotic Exit Activator
... Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the workhorses of the cell cycle. The CDK is the catalytic kinase subunit, which must associate with a regulatory cyclin subunit in order to be active (Morgan, 1997). The expression of each cyclin subunit is confined to a small window during the cell cycle via tra ...
... Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the workhorses of the cell cycle. The CDK is the catalytic kinase subunit, which must associate with a regulatory cyclin subunit in order to be active (Morgan, 1997). The expression of each cyclin subunit is confined to a small window during the cell cycle via tra ...
The proposed channel-enzyme transient receptor potential
... eLife digest Ion channels are proteins that allow specific charged particles to move across the membranes of cells – for example to travel in or out of a cell, or between different parts of the same cell. Almost all ion channels are gated, meaning that they can open and close in response to differen ...
... eLife digest Ion channels are proteins that allow specific charged particles to move across the membranes of cells – for example to travel in or out of a cell, or between different parts of the same cell. Almost all ion channels are gated, meaning that they can open and close in response to differen ...
Functional Roles Of Lipids In membranes - IJS
... or alkyl alcohols with varying numbers and positions of double bonds. In the case of archaebacteria, the phospholipids have long chain reduced polyisoprene moieties, rather than fatty acids, in ether linkage to glycerol. If one considers a simple organism such as Escherichia coli with three major ph ...
... or alkyl alcohols with varying numbers and positions of double bonds. In the case of archaebacteria, the phospholipids have long chain reduced polyisoprene moieties, rather than fatty acids, in ether linkage to glycerol. If one considers a simple organism such as Escherichia coli with three major ph ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.