The Plant Cell - Semantic Scholar
... specific chloroplast proteins remains poorly understood. Among the different proteases in chloroplasts, FtsH is a major one in thylakoid membranes. It is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease that belongs to a AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protease subfamily of the large AAA ...
... specific chloroplast proteins remains poorly understood. Among the different proteases in chloroplasts, FtsH is a major one in thylakoid membranes. It is an ATP-dependent metalloprotease that belongs to a AAA (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) protease subfamily of the large AAA ...
Ca Signaling11
... - both inhibition of either CREB or CaMKIV function blocked cerebellar LTD (late phase) . ...
... - both inhibition of either CREB or CaMKIV function blocked cerebellar LTD (late phase) . ...
Characterization of Pinin, A Novel Protein Associated with the
... desmosome have now been characterized, key questions remain concerning the molecular organization of the desmosome, the mechanism of desmosomal assembly and disassembly, and the modulation of the desmosome during essential activities of the epithelial cell. We have identified a phosphoprotein with a ...
... desmosome have now been characterized, key questions remain concerning the molecular organization of the desmosome, the mechanism of desmosomal assembly and disassembly, and the modulation of the desmosome during essential activities of the epithelial cell. We have identified a phosphoprotein with a ...
1 Function of the Arabidopsis kinesin-4, FRA1, requires
... To test whether the charge of FRA1’s neck coiled-coil domain affects its processivity, we generated four mutants that targeted charged amino-acids either within heptads 1 and 2 or within heptads 3 and 4 (Fig. 1B). Two of these mutants, FRA1-NCC1 and FRA1-NCC3, made the heptads more positively charge ...
... To test whether the charge of FRA1’s neck coiled-coil domain affects its processivity, we generated four mutants that targeted charged amino-acids either within heptads 1 and 2 or within heptads 3 and 4 (Fig. 1B). Two of these mutants, FRA1-NCC1 and FRA1-NCC3, made the heptads more positively charge ...
Secured cutting: controlling separase at the metaphase to anaphase
... chromosomes. These must be accurately replicated to produce exact copies during S phase, and then correctly distributed during mitosis. Errors in distribution lead to cells with supernumerary or missing chromosomes. The resulting aneuploidy is associated with many cancers, and is also a leading caus ...
... chromosomes. These must be accurately replicated to produce exact copies during S phase, and then correctly distributed during mitosis. Errors in distribution lead to cells with supernumerary or missing chromosomes. The resulting aneuploidy is associated with many cancers, and is also a leading caus ...
A PP2A-B55 recognition signal controls substrate
... Figure 1. B55 substrates share a unique temporal signature. (A) A schematic of the BEG pathway showing regulation of generic Cdk1 substrates at the metaphase to anaphase transition. Idealized temporal dephosphorylation profiles for B55 substrates in control (Control), B55 (-B55), and Greatwall–MAS ...
... Figure 1. B55 substrates share a unique temporal signature. (A) A schematic of the BEG pathway showing regulation of generic Cdk1 substrates at the metaphase to anaphase transition. Idealized temporal dephosphorylation profiles for B55 substrates in control (Control), B55 (-B55), and Greatwall–MAS ...
Serine Residues 286, 288, and 293 within the CIITA: A
... factor Pho4 (31), can alter their subcellular localization. We previously showed that CIITA is phosphorylated on a variety of different serine residues, including a serine at aa 286 (32). Recently, additional phosphorylation sites have been assigned to the general region between aa 253–321 using del ...
... factor Pho4 (31), can alter their subcellular localization. We previously showed that CIITA is phosphorylated on a variety of different serine residues, including a serine at aa 286 (32). Recently, additional phosphorylation sites have been assigned to the general region between aa 253–321 using del ...
Systems‐based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals
... and water scarcity (Fedoroff et al, 2010). Signal transduction pathways and transcription factors have been identified that are activated in response to drought and other abiotic stresses (Sakuma et al, 2006). However, a systems-level analysis of growth processes is needed to understand the regulator ...
... and water scarcity (Fedoroff et al, 2010). Signal transduction pathways and transcription factors have been identified that are activated in response to drought and other abiotic stresses (Sakuma et al, 2006). However, a systems-level analysis of growth processes is needed to understand the regulator ...
Shaping the metaphase chromosome: coordination of cohesion and
... The cohesin complex purified from HeLa cells can bind to double-stranded DNA and induce the formation of large protein±DNA aggregates in vitro.(10) In the presence of topoisomerase II, cohesin stimulates intermolecular catenation of circular DNA molecules. This activity is in striking contrast to th ...
... The cohesin complex purified from HeLa cells can bind to double-stranded DNA and induce the formation of large protein±DNA aggregates in vitro.(10) In the presence of topoisomerase II, cohesin stimulates intermolecular catenation of circular DNA molecules. This activity is in striking contrast to th ...
ENS’06 FUSION PHAGE AS A BIOSELECTIVE NANOMATERIAL: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT
... the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, while viral DNA enters the cytoplasm [12]. The protein is synthesized in infected cell as a water-soluble precursor, which contains a leader sequence of 23 residues at its N-terminus. When this protein is inserted into the membrane, the leader sequence is cleaved ...
... the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, while viral DNA enters the cytoplasm [12]. The protein is synthesized in infected cell as a water-soluble precursor, which contains a leader sequence of 23 residues at its N-terminus. When this protein is inserted into the membrane, the leader sequence is cleaved ...
1. The BCL-2 Family Reunion.
... (Figure 1A) (Riedl and Salvesen, 2007). Temporally, MOMP indeterminately occurs following proapoptotic stress, but studies suggest that this timing is dependent on the concentrations of diverse cellular proteins (Spencer et al., 2009). After MOMP, caspase activation and apoptosis ensue often within ...
... (Figure 1A) (Riedl and Salvesen, 2007). Temporally, MOMP indeterminately occurs following proapoptotic stress, but studies suggest that this timing is dependent on the concentrations of diverse cellular proteins (Spencer et al., 2009). After MOMP, caspase activation and apoptosis ensue often within ...
Processing of a Wheat Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Protein
... enzyme has been partially purified from pea (35, 36) and Chlamydomonas (39); it processes the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (pre-rbcS) in two steps (31). It is not known if the same enzyme processes the LHCP precursor. The partially purified enzyme cleaves t ...
... enzyme has been partially purified from pea (35, 36) and Chlamydomonas (39); it processes the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (pre-rbcS) in two steps (31). It is not known if the same enzyme processes the LHCP precursor. The partially purified enzyme cleaves t ...
Ciliary Microtubule Capping Structures Contain A
... affinity-purified antibodies were tested by immunoblotting as shown in Fig. 4 (lanes 3 and 3') and found to bind exclusively to the 97-kD protein in the cap fraction and to no proteins in the axonemal fraction. The 34-kD polypeptide that occasionally stained in the capping or axonemal fraction was n ...
... affinity-purified antibodies were tested by immunoblotting as shown in Fig. 4 (lanes 3 and 3') and found to bind exclusively to the 97-kD protein in the cap fraction and to no proteins in the axonemal fraction. The 34-kD polypeptide that occasionally stained in the capping or axonemal fraction was n ...
PDF
... What is not understood are the mechanistic details that afford this tremendous cell division flexibility, while also preserving the fidelity of chromosome replication. Viewed from the restricted principles of model eukaryotic cell cycles, successful Apicomplexa replication often appears chaotic and ...
... What is not understood are the mechanistic details that afford this tremendous cell division flexibility, while also preserving the fidelity of chromosome replication. Viewed from the restricted principles of model eukaryotic cell cycles, successful Apicomplexa replication often appears chaotic and ...
Photoreceptor Membrane Proteins, Phototransduction, and Retinal
... plasma membranes arise from the same newly formed membranes at the base of the outer segment8 and immunocytochemical studies revealing the presence of high levels of rhodopsin in both membranes.20"22 Furthermore, several laboratories reported that both the disk and plasma membrane contain cGMP-gated ...
... plasma membranes arise from the same newly formed membranes at the base of the outer segment8 and immunocytochemical studies revealing the presence of high levels of rhodopsin in both membranes.20"22 Furthermore, several laboratories reported that both the disk and plasma membrane contain cGMP-gated ...
Articulins and epiplasmins - Journal of Cell Science
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
... Each of these three filamentous systems is composed of a distinct class of cytoskeletal proteins and their associated proteins. Microfilaments are made of actin, microtubules of tubulins and the intermediate filaments of intermediate filament (IF) proteins. IF proteins show the greatest diversity, a ...
as PDF
... 1.1 SDS-PAGE based methods for protein quantitation Two-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-SDSPAGE) has traditionally been a popular method for differential-display proteomics on a global scale, although recently the popularity and applicability of stable isotop ...
... 1.1 SDS-PAGE based methods for protein quantitation Two-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-SDSPAGE) has traditionally been a popular method for differential-display proteomics on a global scale, although recently the popularity and applicability of stable isotop ...
TGF-beta SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION - University of Colorado-MCDB
... of structurally related polypeptide growth factors, each capable of regulating a fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related ...
... of structurally related polypeptide growth factors, each capable of regulating a fascinating array of cellular processes including cell proliferation, lineage determination, differentiation, motility, adhesion, and death. Expressed in complex temporal and tissue-specific patterns, TGF-β and related ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... ATP, and 5 g of ubiquitin in the presence of 100 ng of yeast ubiquitinactivating enzyme (E1), 100 ng of human UbcH5a (Boston Biochem), and 50 –100 ng of His6-dTopors. Reactions were incubated at 25 °C for 90 min, stopped by addition of SDS, and run on an 8 –16% or Novex acrylamide gel (Invitrogen). ...
... ATP, and 5 g of ubiquitin in the presence of 100 ng of yeast ubiquitinactivating enzyme (E1), 100 ng of human UbcH5a (Boston Biochem), and 50 –100 ng of His6-dTopors. Reactions were incubated at 25 °C for 90 min, stopped by addition of SDS, and run on an 8 –16% or Novex acrylamide gel (Invitrogen). ...
Calcium binding to chromaffin vesicle matrix proteins
... binding of Ca2+ to the vesicle matrix proteins as well as to ATP, the main nucleotide present in these vesicles. The dissociation constant at pH 7 is 50 p M (number of binding sites, n = 180 nmol/mg of protein) for Ca2+-protein bonds and 15 p M (n = 0.8 pmol/pmoi) for Ca2+-ATP bonds. When the pH is ...
... binding of Ca2+ to the vesicle matrix proteins as well as to ATP, the main nucleotide present in these vesicles. The dissociation constant at pH 7 is 50 p M (number of binding sites, n = 180 nmol/mg of protein) for Ca2+-protein bonds and 15 p M (n = 0.8 pmol/pmoi) for Ca2+-ATP bonds. When the pH is ...
Ageing and the aggregating proteoglycans of
... the post-translational enzymes responsible for glycosylation and sulphation, and (c) proteolytic modification of the intact proteoglycan after its secretion into the extracellular matrix. It is likely that all the above mechanisms are acting during the normal ageing process, though the evidence for ...
... the post-translational enzymes responsible for glycosylation and sulphation, and (c) proteolytic modification of the intact proteoglycan after its secretion into the extracellular matrix. It is likely that all the above mechanisms are acting during the normal ageing process, though the evidence for ...
19-1 Bacteria
... Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative one are not as affected as their cell wall, so it is important to know what type of bacterial infection one has. ...
... Antibiotics work by breaking down the cell wall of gram positive bacteria. Gram negative one are not as affected as their cell wall, so it is important to know what type of bacterial infection one has. ...
Microscopy Microanalysis
... 2009!. Hammes et al. ~2003! suggested that specific proteins present in biological extracellular polymeric materials may cause the formation of different and polymorph CaCO3 bioliths. Different mechanisms, which could induce precipitation in natural habitats by bacteria, have been proposed and activ ...
... 2009!. Hammes et al. ~2003! suggested that specific proteins present in biological extracellular polymeric materials may cause the formation of different and polymorph CaCO3 bioliths. Different mechanisms, which could induce precipitation in natural habitats by bacteria, have been proposed and activ ...
The Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ protein controls the secretion of
... secretion of translocator proteins in culture and the translocation of type III effectors (O’Connell et al., 2004). Shigella flexneri mutants lacking MxiC, another YopN-TyeA/ InvE/SepL family member, exhibit increased secretion of type III effectors (Botteaux et al., 2009) but also secrete reduced a ...
... secretion of translocator proteins in culture and the translocation of type III effectors (O’Connell et al., 2004). Shigella flexneri mutants lacking MxiC, another YopN-TyeA/ InvE/SepL family member, exhibit increased secretion of type III effectors (Botteaux et al., 2009) but also secrete reduced a ...
The Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting Pathway: A Historical
... used for cell biology studies. Randy Schekman was giving a seminar on campus at that time, and I told him about our project. He suggested that we generate antibodies that only recognized prApe1 and carry out a screen looking for mutants that accumulate the precursor form of the protein. We did attem ...
... used for cell biology studies. Randy Schekman was giving a seminar on campus at that time, and I told him about our project. He suggested that we generate antibodies that only recognized prApe1 and carry out a screen looking for mutants that accumulate the precursor form of the protein. We did attem ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.