Molecular mechanisms of complement evasion: learning from
... escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in addition, bacteria can escape recognition by the complement system through the actions ...
... escape the innate immune response, including the expression of an extracellular capsule and ‘hiding’ within host cells, either in a vacuole or in the cytoplasm. Over the past few years it has become clear that, in addition, bacteria can escape recognition by the complement system through the actions ...
Hemoglobin Receptor in Leishmania Is a Hexokinase Located in the
... either the N (His-HbR) or C terminus (HbR-His) of the HbR, respectively, according to manufacturer’s protocol. Overexpression of HbR in Leishmania Promastigotes—To overexpress HbR in Leishmania promastigotes, pXG vector (23) was linearized by digestion with BamHI and subsequently partially digested ...
... either the N (His-HbR) or C terminus (HbR-His) of the HbR, respectively, according to manufacturer’s protocol. Overexpression of HbR in Leishmania Promastigotes—To overexpress HbR in Leishmania promastigotes, pXG vector (23) was linearized by digestion with BamHI and subsequently partially digested ...
Engineering Phage Materials with Desired Peptide Display: Rational
... monodispersity of their shape and chemical character, derived from clonal replication, allows them to self-assemble into directionally organized liquid crystalline structures. Previously, these phage have demonstrated an ability to be formed into onedimensional ordered fibers, two-dimensional films, ...
... monodispersity of their shape and chemical character, derived from clonal replication, allows them to self-assemble into directionally organized liquid crystalline structures. Previously, these phage have demonstrated an ability to be formed into onedimensional ordered fibers, two-dimensional films, ...
Homer1a and Fragile X 1 Disrupted mGluR5
... mGluR5 with respect to decreased scaffolding to effectors and constitutive activity. mGluR5CT peptide mimics the altered mGluR5 signaling, enhanced protein synthesis rates and neocortical hyperexcitability observed in Fmr1 KO mice (Figs. 1, 3, 5). B. Alterations in mGluR-LTD are hypothesized to be d ...
... mGluR5 with respect to decreased scaffolding to effectors and constitutive activity. mGluR5CT peptide mimics the altered mGluR5 signaling, enhanced protein synthesis rates and neocortical hyperexcitability observed in Fmr1 KO mice (Figs. 1, 3, 5). B. Alterations in mGluR-LTD are hypothesized to be d ...
Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... advancement of the cleavage furrow, the molecules responsible for these processes have remained elusive. Recent studies have provided insights into the role of different microtubule structures and associated proteins in cleavage furrow positioning and ingression together with the signalling events t ...
... advancement of the cleavage furrow, the molecules responsible for these processes have remained elusive. Recent studies have provided insights into the role of different microtubule structures and associated proteins in cleavage furrow positioning and ingression together with the signalling events t ...
Expip is a cargo adaptor for Sec24p ... export the plasma membrane H+ ATPase from the
... coat (Hicke et al., 1992; Salama et al., 1997). Further analysis of these SEC proteins and identification of additional proteins has led to a greater understanding of the steps involved in transport of proteins from the time of translation through delivery to their final cellular destination. Althou ...
... coat (Hicke et al., 1992; Salama et al., 1997). Further analysis of these SEC proteins and identification of additional proteins has led to a greater understanding of the steps involved in transport of proteins from the time of translation through delivery to their final cellular destination. Althou ...
Tubulin folding is altered by mutations in a putative GTP binding motif
... monomers requires GTP hydrolysis (Fontalba et al., 1993). Also, GTP is required for the stabilization of the monomeric form once released, but incubation of C300 complexes with GTPγS (a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog) prior to the addition of purified p14 protein completely preclude the release of mono ...
... monomers requires GTP hydrolysis (Fontalba et al., 1993). Also, GTP is required for the stabilization of the monomeric form once released, but incubation of C300 complexes with GTPγS (a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog) prior to the addition of purified p14 protein completely preclude the release of mono ...
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Predicted Active Site Residues in
... histidine zinc ligand. 2) Substitution of Pro-388 to Ala resulted in a large increase in Km. It has been noted in binuclear zinc metallopeptidases that a cis-peptide bond occurs near one of the zinc ligands (Table 1). 3) The E424Q mutant resulted in a reduced Vmax value along with an increase in Km ...
... histidine zinc ligand. 2) Substitution of Pro-388 to Ala resulted in a large increase in Km. It has been noted in binuclear zinc metallopeptidases that a cis-peptide bond occurs near one of the zinc ligands (Table 1). 3) The E424Q mutant resulted in a reduced Vmax value along with an increase in Km ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... The first anti-apoptotic gene that was identified by our lab, nuoG, is a part of the nuo operon and codes for a protein NDH-1. NDH-1 is a proton-pumping NADH ubiquinone reductase, and is also called respiratory complex 1. It is the first enzyme of the bacterial and mitochondrial respiratory chain. I ...
... The first anti-apoptotic gene that was identified by our lab, nuoG, is a part of the nuo operon and codes for a protein NDH-1. NDH-1 is a proton-pumping NADH ubiquinone reductase, and is also called respiratory complex 1. It is the first enzyme of the bacterial and mitochondrial respiratory chain. I ...
2007 bovine study
... Garlick et al. 1998). Furthermore, the development of new approaches that facilitate the maintenance of muscle mass during adulthood are also relevant to those addressing the obesity epidemic because muscle mass defines, in part, the basal metabolic rate. In livestock, when such a developmental decl ...
... Garlick et al. 1998). Furthermore, the development of new approaches that facilitate the maintenance of muscle mass during adulthood are also relevant to those addressing the obesity epidemic because muscle mass defines, in part, the basal metabolic rate. In livestock, when such a developmental decl ...
Bacillus subtilis serine/threonine protein kinase YabT is involved in
... similar to eukaryal kinases C-Abl and Mec1, which are activated by DNA-damage and phosphorylate proteins involved in damage repair (Yuan et al., 1998; Herzberg et al., 2006; Shimizu et al., 2009; Flott et al., 2011). We identified a substrate of YabT, which is the general DNArecombinase RecA, involv ...
... similar to eukaryal kinases C-Abl and Mec1, which are activated by DNA-damage and phosphorylate proteins involved in damage repair (Yuan et al., 1998; Herzberg et al., 2006; Shimizu et al., 2009; Flott et al., 2011). We identified a substrate of YabT, which is the general DNArecombinase RecA, involv ...
Signaling pathways in myocyte hypertrophy. Role of GATA4
... Transcription factor GATA4 was studied to identify the mechanism leading to increased gene expression of BNP. In BNP promoter, GATA4 binds to cis elements mediating hypertrophic response. Eliminating GATA4 binding by using the decoy approach, basal BNP gene expression was reduced. To identify mechan ...
... Transcription factor GATA4 was studied to identify the mechanism leading to increased gene expression of BNP. In BNP promoter, GATA4 binds to cis elements mediating hypertrophic response. Eliminating GATA4 binding by using the decoy approach, basal BNP gene expression was reduced. To identify mechan ...
A cap `n` collar protein isoform contains a selective Hox repressor
... the introns. All mutant and parental chromosomes were heterozygous and balanced over TM3 Sb 35UZ (Irvine et al., 1991). DNA was extracted from 1 g of flies according to standard protocols and isolated on a CsCl gradient. Regions of the genome were PCR amplified using nested primers chosen from cDNA ...
... the introns. All mutant and parental chromosomes were heterozygous and balanced over TM3 Sb 35UZ (Irvine et al., 1991). DNA was extracted from 1 g of flies according to standard protocols and isolated on a CsCl gradient. Regions of the genome were PCR amplified using nested primers chosen from cDNA ...
EGF receptor signaling pathway Drosophila activation
... Received November 4, 2005; revised version accepted January 24, 2006. ...
... Received November 4, 2005; revised version accepted January 24, 2006. ...
Differential Internalization of the Prostaglandin F2α Receptor
... PGF2␣ more than one signaling pathway can be activated. Thus, stimulation of either FP receptor isoform by PGF2␣ has been shown to activate both the G␣q and rho signaling pathways (Pierce et al., 1999). In addition, it has recently been shown that the agonist stimulation of the FPB, but not the FPA, ...
... PGF2␣ more than one signaling pathway can be activated. Thus, stimulation of either FP receptor isoform by PGF2␣ has been shown to activate both the G␣q and rho signaling pathways (Pierce et al., 1999). In addition, it has recently been shown that the agonist stimulation of the FPB, but not the FPA, ...
Community control in cellular protein production: consequences for
... Proteins form the basis of all biological processes within a cell, and one of the key characteristics of life is the ability of an organism to synthesize its own proteins. Understanding how a cell regulates this synthesis remains one of the key questions of modern science. In this paper we propose a ...
... Proteins form the basis of all biological processes within a cell, and one of the key characteristics of life is the ability of an organism to synthesize its own proteins. Understanding how a cell regulates this synthesis remains one of the key questions of modern science. In this paper we propose a ...
Chapter 4 Calsequestrin - Department of Molecular Physiology and
... able to draw Ca 2+ away from the sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ -binding proteins which have Kd values for Ca2+ binding of about 1-5 µM (Greaser et al., 1972b; Kretsinger. 1976). The contest for Ca2+ is, therefore, unequal and Ca 2+ finds itself in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum There it encounters ano ...
... able to draw Ca 2+ away from the sarcoplasmic Ca 2+ -binding proteins which have Kd values for Ca2+ binding of about 1-5 µM (Greaser et al., 1972b; Kretsinger. 1976). The contest for Ca2+ is, therefore, unequal and Ca 2+ finds itself in the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum There it encounters ano ...
The Alzheimer Aβ Peptide: Identification of Properties Distinctive for Toxic Prefibrillar Species
... was much shorter than today and thus incidences of the disease were relatively uncommon. Today, AD is the most common cause of dementia and in individuals aged over 60 years, is more prevalent than stroke, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Worldwide, 30 million people su ...
... was much shorter than today and thus incidences of the disease were relatively uncommon. Today, AD is the most common cause of dementia and in individuals aged over 60 years, is more prevalent than stroke, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Worldwide, 30 million people su ...
Holding it all together? Candidate proteins for the plant Golgi matrix
... apparatus has been identified in animals and yeast (Figure 2). Golgins are large proteins with extensive coiled-coil domains [20–22]. The coiled-coil is a very common protein motif that consists of heptad repeats, which form amphipatic a-helices that twist into a supercoil and form a long rod-like s ...
... apparatus has been identified in animals and yeast (Figure 2). Golgins are large proteins with extensive coiled-coil domains [20–22]. The coiled-coil is a very common protein motif that consists of heptad repeats, which form amphipatic a-helices that twist into a supercoil and form a long rod-like s ...
Apolipophorins and insects immune response
... Horst et al., 2001, 2002). It has been suggested that the lipid binding is initiated at one end of the helix bundle. Different models have been proposed for description of the initial binding steps. One model has been suggested for L. migratoria apoLp-III by Breiter et al. (1991), where directed hel ...
... Horst et al., 2001, 2002). It has been suggested that the lipid binding is initiated at one end of the helix bundle. Different models have been proposed for description of the initial binding steps. One model has been suggested for L. migratoria apoLp-III by Breiter et al. (1991), where directed hel ...
to get the file - Oxford Brookes University
... RHD3 gene found that it is expressed in all major Arabidopsis organs, and multiple levels of regulation are employed to ensure appropriate expression of the gene (Wang et al., 2002), indicating that RHD3 is not root-hairspeci®c. The major defect in rhd3 mutants is reduced cell size, particularly in ...
... RHD3 gene found that it is expressed in all major Arabidopsis organs, and multiple levels of regulation are employed to ensure appropriate expression of the gene (Wang et al., 2002), indicating that RHD3 is not root-hairspeci®c. The major defect in rhd3 mutants is reduced cell size, particularly in ...
Evidence for an Outer Membrane
... The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria consists of an inner cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane separated by a peptidoglycan layer and an aqueous periplasmic space. ...
... The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria consists of an inner cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane separated by a peptidoglycan layer and an aqueous periplasmic space. ...
Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
... by TANGO, we generated TFV → GYT and FV → YT mutants of the TSAd-90-188-PHRD and TSAd-90-188-PAAS constructs, and compared their expression to that of the ALX SH2 domain. These constructs were chosen, as they contained the shortest flanking sequences compared to the original TSAd 1-TD construct, and ...
Microtubule and replication vesicle associations of the potyviral
... mutations in HVR altered the conformation of its whole hinge region while the fold of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was fo ...
... mutations in HVR altered the conformation of its whole hinge region while the fold of 4EBD remained unaffected. Together with aberrant or disrupted HIP2 interactions, the conformational changes may have triggered host defence. Several discoveries were made during the course of this thesis. It was fo ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.