Secured cutting: controlling separase at the metaphase to anaphase
... DNA is damaged, anaphase onset is delayed to allow repair before sister sequences are segregated from each other. In budding yeast, DNA damage elicits a response pathway which uses two routes that act together to prevent anaphase (Cohen-Fix and Koshland, 1997; Gardner et al., 1999; Sanchez et al., 1 ...
... DNA is damaged, anaphase onset is delayed to allow repair before sister sequences are segregated from each other. In budding yeast, DNA damage elicits a response pathway which uses two routes that act together to prevent anaphase (Cohen-Fix and Koshland, 1997; Gardner et al., 1999; Sanchez et al., 1 ...
Cellular Respiration
... produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several m ...
... produced during cellular respiration, enough for a few seconds of intense activity. Lactic acid fermentation can supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. However, extra oxygen is required to get rid of the lactic acid produced. Following intense exercise, a person will huff and puff for several m ...
a va i l a b l e a t... w w w. e l s e v i e...
... activity [14–16]. However, since Delta endocytosis proceeds constitutively in most cells and tissues, it is unclear how ligand activity could change in response to the need to modulate Notch signals. Delta proteins also undergo proteolysis, which separates the Notch-binding extracellular domain from ...
... activity [14–16]. However, since Delta endocytosis proceeds constitutively in most cells and tissues, it is unclear how ligand activity could change in response to the need to modulate Notch signals. Delta proteins also undergo proteolysis, which separates the Notch-binding extracellular domain from ...
Fcg Receptor Deficiency Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy
... infiltrating and resident cells through specific receptors for the Fc region (FcgRs).13,14 In mice, four different classes of FcgRs are described (FcgRI/CD64, FcgRIIb/CD32, FcgRIII/CD16, and FcgRIV), which differ by their distinct affinity, cellular distributions, and effector functions. FcgRs are expr ...
... infiltrating and resident cells through specific receptors for the Fc region (FcgRs).13,14 In mice, four different classes of FcgRs are described (FcgRI/CD64, FcgRIIb/CD32, FcgRIII/CD16, and FcgRIV), which differ by their distinct affinity, cellular distributions, and effector functions. FcgRs are expr ...
Distribution of Muscarinic Acetylcholine
... the distribution of presynaptic axonal varicosities . The density of varicosities, stained with zinc iodide and osmium, ranges from 0.7/100 tt,m 2 in ventricle to 1 .9/100 [,m2 in sinus venosus. It is estimated that <3% of the muscle surface is apposed to presynaptic varicosities . ACh receptors, ho ...
... the distribution of presynaptic axonal varicosities . The density of varicosities, stained with zinc iodide and osmium, ranges from 0.7/100 tt,m 2 in ventricle to 1 .9/100 [,m2 in sinus venosus. It is estimated that <3% of the muscle surface is apposed to presynaptic varicosities . ACh receptors, ho ...
... Kouknetzoff, 1993), and the cytoplasmic domain located in the inner part of the virion (Tordo and Kouknetzoff, 1993). Both the signal peptide and transmembrane peptide are hydrophobic, while the cytoplasmic domain is hydrophilic. The transmembrane glycoprotein stimulates the humoral and cell-mediate ...
The Orphan Transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17)
... revealed an unexpected synaptic vesicle localization for Rxt1/NTT4 in glutamatergic neurons (Fischer et al., 1999; Masson et al., 1999). Based on these observations, it has been suggested that Rxt1/NTT4 might function as a vesicular transporter, or alternatively, reside in intracellular vesicles as ...
... revealed an unexpected synaptic vesicle localization for Rxt1/NTT4 in glutamatergic neurons (Fischer et al., 1999; Masson et al., 1999). Based on these observations, it has been suggested that Rxt1/NTT4 might function as a vesicular transporter, or alternatively, reside in intracellular vesicles as ...
Moving the Shh Source over Time: What Impact on Neural Cell
... The functional complexity of the vertebrate central nervous system is reflected by the large variety of neurons that form complex processing networks but also by the diversity of their indispensable glial cell partners, mainly composed of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Generation of this large arr ...
... The functional complexity of the vertebrate central nervous system is reflected by the large variety of neurons that form complex processing networks but also by the diversity of their indispensable glial cell partners, mainly composed of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Generation of this large arr ...
alters cell wall construction
... All Arabidopsis thaliana used were in the Columbia background. Seeds were surface-sterilized and germinated on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium (Sigma) supplemented with 1% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) agar, and the indicated concentrations of CdCl2 at 22 ◦ C under continuous light. Twelve- and 3-dayold se ...
... All Arabidopsis thaliana used were in the Columbia background. Seeds were surface-sterilized and germinated on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium (Sigma) supplemented with 1% (w/v) sucrose, 1% (w/v) agar, and the indicated concentrations of CdCl2 at 22 ◦ C under continuous light. Twelve- and 3-dayold se ...
Age associated changes in erythrocyte membrane surface charge
... total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane channels, for the transfer of information (Nalecz, 1989) and mainly to prevent aggregation of erythrocytes from each ot ...
... total negative electric charge, which determines the correct course of many processes like transport of metabolic substrates and products through ionic pumps, carriers and membrane channels, for the transfer of information (Nalecz, 1989) and mainly to prevent aggregation of erythrocytes from each ot ...
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the target for nitrogen
... The mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis allows eukaryotic cells to convert acetyl-CoA into FDP (farnesyl diphosphate). FDP is mainly used for biosynthesis of sterols but it may also be used, either directly or after conversion into geranylgeranyl diphosphate, for protein prenylation [1]. T ...
... The mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis allows eukaryotic cells to convert acetyl-CoA into FDP (farnesyl diphosphate). FDP is mainly used for biosynthesis of sterols but it may also be used, either directly or after conversion into geranylgeranyl diphosphate, for protein prenylation [1]. T ...
The Drosophila ribbon gene encodes a nuclear BTB domain protein that promotes epithelial migration and morphogenesis. Development 128, 4923-4933. pdf
... 4924 K. Shim and others Dozens of genes have been identified that are required for tracheal branching (Manning and Krasnow, 1993; Metzger and Krasnow, 1999; Affolter and Shilo, 2000). These have begun to separate the morphogenetic process into genetically distinct steps. Several genes are required ...
... 4924 K. Shim and others Dozens of genes have been identified that are required for tracheal branching (Manning and Krasnow, 1993; Metzger and Krasnow, 1999; Affolter and Shilo, 2000). These have begun to separate the morphogenetic process into genetically distinct steps. Several genes are required ...
Licenciado en Bioquímica • Bachelor`s in Biochemistry
... Elaboration and realisation of a project of investigation in applied biochemistry. ECTS 4 1st Semester 5I2 Química Biorgánica Bio Organic Chemistry Synthetic fundamentals of the biological macro-molecular and super macro-molecular structure. Polymeric and transport membranes. Eteres lariat. Selectiv ...
... Elaboration and realisation of a project of investigation in applied biochemistry. ECTS 4 1st Semester 5I2 Química Biorgánica Bio Organic Chemistry Synthetic fundamentals of the biological macro-molecular and super macro-molecular structure. Polymeric and transport membranes. Eteres lariat. Selectiv ...
Lecture 1 – Classification - LCQB
... Structural motifs Structural motifs are simple combinations of a few secondary structure elements, with a specific geometrical arrangement. Some motifs may be associated to a particular function. ...
... Structural motifs Structural motifs are simple combinations of a few secondary structure elements, with a specific geometrical arrangement. Some motifs may be associated to a particular function. ...
Odyssey of Agrobacterium T-DNA.
... glucose phosphate isomerase and are therefore defective in the production of extracellular polysaccharides (Uttaro et al., 1990). Mutants in the Agrobacterium chromosomal cel genes (celABCDE) are defective in cellulose synthesis and aggregate formation (Matthysse, 1983), thus these mutants bind but ...
... glucose phosphate isomerase and are therefore defective in the production of extracellular polysaccharides (Uttaro et al., 1990). Mutants in the Agrobacterium chromosomal cel genes (celABCDE) are defective in cellulose synthesis and aggregate formation (Matthysse, 1983), thus these mutants bind but ...
Cathepsin B–green fluorescent protein
... found in basement membranes, as well as in the non-basement membrane extracellular matrix of the developing central nervous system (Timpl, 1989; Beck et al., 1990; Tryggvason, 1993; Luckenbill-Edds, 1997; Colognato and Yurchenco, 2000). The molecular network directly in contact with the cellular sur ...
... found in basement membranes, as well as in the non-basement membrane extracellular matrix of the developing central nervous system (Timpl, 1989; Beck et al., 1990; Tryggvason, 1993; Luckenbill-Edds, 1997; Colognato and Yurchenco, 2000). The molecular network directly in contact with the cellular sur ...
Localization of Phycoerythrin at the Lumenal Surface of the
... the interthylakoid space but also the thylakoid membranes that border this space. Granular areas and regions of moderate electron density located between pairs of thylakoids correspond to stromal regions of the chloroplast. Fig. 2 a shows a section through the chloroplast of R. lens that was incubat ...
... the interthylakoid space but also the thylakoid membranes that border this space. Granular areas and regions of moderate electron density located between pairs of thylakoids correspond to stromal regions of the chloroplast. Fig. 2 a shows a section through the chloroplast of R. lens that was incubat ...
The Functional Influence of Burst and Tonic Firing Mode on Synaptic
... Figure 1. Properties of synaptic connections between PGN and thalamocortical neurons. A, Schematic diagram of the recording arrangement for recordings in B–E is shown. The PGN neuron was activated via the intracellular injection of a depolarizing current pulse while recording from a recipient thalam ...
... Figure 1. Properties of synaptic connections between PGN and thalamocortical neurons. A, Schematic diagram of the recording arrangement for recordings in B–E is shown. The PGN neuron was activated via the intracellular injection of a depolarizing current pulse while recording from a recipient thalam ...
Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1
... What is SAR? • Caused by a signal transduction pathway • Infected cells cause an immune response in uninfected regions of the plant [2] • Causes targeted gene expression of pathogenesis related genes [2] • When a SAR induced plant is infected again the normal pathogen interactions do not take place ...
... What is SAR? • Caused by a signal transduction pathway • Infected cells cause an immune response in uninfected regions of the plant [2] • Causes targeted gene expression of pathogenesis related genes [2] • When a SAR induced plant is infected again the normal pathogen interactions do not take place ...
Recombinant expression and characterisation of monofunctional S-
... domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bifunctional PfAdoMetDC/ODC predicted a molecular mass of 166 kDa for the polypeptide, whereas the recombinantly expressed enzyme had a molecular mass of -330 kDa. This suggested that the enzyme consists of a heterotetrameric structure derived from two ...
... domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bifunctional PfAdoMetDC/ODC predicted a molecular mass of 166 kDa for the polypeptide, whereas the recombinantly expressed enzyme had a molecular mass of -330 kDa. This suggested that the enzyme consists of a heterotetrameric structure derived from two ...
Lecture 1 – Classification - LCQB
... Structural motifs Structural motifs are simple combinations of a few secondary structure elements, with a specific geometrical arrangement. Some motifs may be associated to a particular function. ...
... Structural motifs Structural motifs are simple combinations of a few secondary structure elements, with a specific geometrical arrangement. Some motifs may be associated to a particular function. ...
The Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor in Xenopus
... molecular mechanisms that underlie these alterations in poly(A) tail length are unclear. Regulated changes in poly(A) length occur throughout development and have been examined in detail in oocytes and early embryos. In the female germline of many species, cytoplasmic polyadenylation first occurs at ...
... molecular mechanisms that underlie these alterations in poly(A) tail length are unclear. Regulated changes in poly(A) length occur throughout development and have been examined in detail in oocytes and early embryos. In the female germline of many species, cytoplasmic polyadenylation first occurs at ...
Guard cell-specific inhibition of Arabidopsis MPK3 expression
... MPK3 transcription is rapidly induced in Arabidopsis plants treated with touch, low-temperature or salinity stress (Mizoguchi et al., 1996). Kovtun et al. (2000) found strong activation of MPK3 enzyme activity in leaf mesophyll protoplasts by H2O2 but not by ABA treatments. In contrast, Lu et al. (2 ...
... MPK3 transcription is rapidly induced in Arabidopsis plants treated with touch, low-temperature or salinity stress (Mizoguchi et al., 1996). Kovtun et al. (2000) found strong activation of MPK3 enzyme activity in leaf mesophyll protoplasts by H2O2 but not by ABA treatments. In contrast, Lu et al. (2 ...
A Role for the Cytoskeleton in Heart Looping
... (diagrammatically shown in Fig. 2), as also can be seen in this embryonic chick heart immunostained for actin localization and prepared for three-dimensional analyses (Fig. 3). It was suggested that these circumferentially arranged actin filaments at the base of the inner layer of the myocardium are ...
... (diagrammatically shown in Fig. 2), as also can be seen in this embryonic chick heart immunostained for actin localization and prepared for three-dimensional analyses (Fig. 3). It was suggested that these circumferentially arranged actin filaments at the base of the inner layer of the myocardium are ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.