Microscopy of myelination - Formatex Research Center
... Experiments using knockout mice have shown the actin cytoskeleton to play a crucial role in process outgrowth. A single oligodendrocyte may myelinate as many as 40 axon segments [26]. Oligodendrocytes are believed to generate an excess of processes at first, with only those in contact with an axon b ...
... Experiments using knockout mice have shown the actin cytoskeleton to play a crucial role in process outgrowth. A single oligodendrocyte may myelinate as many as 40 axon segments [26]. Oligodendrocytes are believed to generate an excess of processes at first, with only those in contact with an axon b ...
Activation of Heat-Shock Factor by Stretch-Activated
... inserted into the left ventricle (LV) and through the apex for thebesian drainage. We placed a fluid-filled latex balloon into the LV via the left atrium and connected it to a transducer to monitor pressures. Initial LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was adjusted to 10 mm Hg by adjustment of balloon ...
... inserted into the left ventricle (LV) and through the apex for thebesian drainage. We placed a fluid-filled latex balloon into the LV via the left atrium and connected it to a transducer to monitor pressures. Initial LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was adjusted to 10 mm Hg by adjustment of balloon ...
smell
... system, especially the hippocampus • concerned with: 1. Learning to like or dislike certain foods. 2. Behavioral responses to food e.g. development of absolute aversion to foods 3. Olfactory conditioned reflexes ...
... system, especially the hippocampus • concerned with: 1. Learning to like or dislike certain foods. 2. Behavioral responses to food e.g. development of absolute aversion to foods 3. Olfactory conditioned reflexes ...
In vitro control of neuronal polarity by
... and dendrites could be regulated separately (DenisDonini et al., 1984; Chamak et al., 1987) and that ECM molecules present in astrocyte-conditioned media are instrumental in this regulation (Rousselet et al., 1988, 1990). Moreover, we have demonstrated that the influence of different matrix molecule ...
... and dendrites could be regulated separately (DenisDonini et al., 1984; Chamak et al., 1987) and that ECM molecules present in astrocyte-conditioned media are instrumental in this regulation (Rousselet et al., 1988, 1990). Moreover, we have demonstrated that the influence of different matrix molecule ...
To maintain homeostasis, cells must work together in a co
... how they are created, it will help to become familiar with the following terms, used to describe changes in potential, as graphically represented on ● Figure 4-1: 1. Polarization: Charges are separated across the plasma membrane, so that the membrane has potential. Any time the value of the membrane ...
... how they are created, it will help to become familiar with the following terms, used to describe changes in potential, as graphically represented on ● Figure 4-1: 1. Polarization: Charges are separated across the plasma membrane, so that the membrane has potential. Any time the value of the membrane ...
- Wiley Online Library
... binding sites in the promoters of target genes and promote gene expression or repression. B: In the noncanonical pathway, IKKa is activated by the NFjBinducing kinase (NIK), resulting in the processing of p100 to p52, and the nuclear translocation of RelBp52 dimers, which bind to unique jB elements. ...
... binding sites in the promoters of target genes and promote gene expression or repression. B: In the noncanonical pathway, IKKa is activated by the NFjBinducing kinase (NIK), resulting in the processing of p100 to p52, and the nuclear translocation of RelBp52 dimers, which bind to unique jB elements. ...
1. Describe the steps of the scientific method. 2. Define the terms
... Polar molecules like water have partially charged atoms at their ends Hydrogen bonds form when partial opposite charges in different molecules attract each other The partially positive hydrogens of one water molecule are attracted to the partially negative oxygen on another ...
... Polar molecules like water have partially charged atoms at their ends Hydrogen bonds form when partial opposite charges in different molecules attract each other The partially positive hydrogens of one water molecule are attracted to the partially negative oxygen on another ...
Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the
... domain in their C terminal portion, a DNA-binding domain with two zinc finger motifs and an N-terminal domain involved in transrepression (Beato and Sanchez-Pacheco, 1996). Each receptor type forms a multiprotein complex with heat shock proteins and immunophilin, a protein that binds immunosuppressiv ...
... domain in their C terminal portion, a DNA-binding domain with two zinc finger motifs and an N-terminal domain involved in transrepression (Beato and Sanchez-Pacheco, 1996). Each receptor type forms a multiprotein complex with heat shock proteins and immunophilin, a protein that binds immunosuppressiv ...
Cells in Physcomitrella patens
... exhibited three peaks that corresponded to G1- and G2-phase as well as polyploidization, which may be the results of endoduplication (Fig. 1A). Six-day-old P. patens protonemal nuclei displayed double peaks that corresponded to G1- and G2/M-phase DNA content, respectively (Fig. 1B). Comparison of th ...
... exhibited three peaks that corresponded to G1- and G2-phase as well as polyploidization, which may be the results of endoduplication (Fig. 1A). Six-day-old P. patens protonemal nuclei displayed double peaks that corresponded to G1- and G2/M-phase DNA content, respectively (Fig. 1B). Comparison of th ...
Unexpected Diversity of Signal Peptides in Prokaryotes
... replaced by leucine and isoleucine. Position ⫺1 is occupied by all Alphaproteobacteria with a complete genome sequence; two both alanine and serine. The only archaeon in the data set, Metha- distinct populations arise (see Fig. S3 in the supplemental matenospirillum hungatei, has a third distinct mo ...
... replaced by leucine and isoleucine. Position ⫺1 is occupied by all Alphaproteobacteria with a complete genome sequence; two both alanine and serine. The only archaeon in the data set, Metha- distinct populations arise (see Fig. S3 in the supplemental matenospirillum hungatei, has a third distinct mo ...
BMC Genomics Daphnia pulex by complete genome sequencing Seanna J McTaggart*
... have revealed a wealth of genetic diversity for responses to infection [9]. Especially useful is the fact that Daphnia are cyclical parthenogens, and thus can be maintained in the lab as clonal lineages, enabling a precise comparison of phenotypes between different genetic backgrounds, or the study ...
... have revealed a wealth of genetic diversity for responses to infection [9]. Especially useful is the fact that Daphnia are cyclical parthenogens, and thus can be maintained in the lab as clonal lineages, enabling a precise comparison of phenotypes between different genetic backgrounds, or the study ...
Nuclear function for the actin-binding cytoskeletal protein
... protein inside the nucleus exchanges within seconds, so while the nuclear transport activity of Moesin is low during interphase, its binding is very dynamic in the nucleus. 4, To gain more insight into the nuclear transport mechanisms of Moesin, we carried out an RNA interference screen on S2R+ cult ...
... protein inside the nucleus exchanges within seconds, so while the nuclear transport activity of Moesin is low during interphase, its binding is very dynamic in the nucleus. 4, To gain more insight into the nuclear transport mechanisms of Moesin, we carried out an RNA interference screen on S2R+ cult ...
All 3 fates of pyruvate from glycolysis provide for the regeneration of
... between 5-20. Insulin shots necessary. Hypoglycemia (too little glucose) may result. Type 2: 80-90 % of all diabetics in US: usually diagnosed over age 40. relative insulin deficiency: either decreased production of insulin, or cells become insulin resistant. Strong genetic component: very high in N ...
... between 5-20. Insulin shots necessary. Hypoglycemia (too little glucose) may result. Type 2: 80-90 % of all diabetics in US: usually diagnosed over age 40. relative insulin deficiency: either decreased production of insulin, or cells become insulin resistant. Strong genetic component: very high in N ...
In vivo measurement of cytosolic and mitochondrial pH using a pH
... weak acids or bases (Krebs et al., 1983; Siegumfeldt et al., 2000), as well as the equilibrium distribution of benzoic acid (Kresnowati et al., 2007). However, none of these techniques are organelle specific and thus they are bound to result in measurement of an average cellular pH. Additionally, mo ...
... weak acids or bases (Krebs et al., 1983; Siegumfeldt et al., 2000), as well as the equilibrium distribution of benzoic acid (Kresnowati et al., 2007). However, none of these techniques are organelle specific and thus they are bound to result in measurement of an average cellular pH. Additionally, mo ...
Regulation of Glucose metabolism
... • Binding of insulin to α subunits induces a conformational change • Conformational change is transduced to β subunit • This allows for auto-phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues on β subunit • Auto-phosphorylation induces phosphorylation of a group of proteins called Insulin Receptor Substa ...
... • Binding of insulin to α subunits induces a conformational change • Conformational change is transduced to β subunit • This allows for auto-phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues on β subunit • Auto-phosphorylation induces phosphorylation of a group of proteins called Insulin Receptor Substa ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... D. Innervation to the adrenal gland. The distribution of sympathetic axons to the adrenal gland is different from other structures supplied by the sympathetic division because it consists of only preganglionic neurons. 1) The preganglionic axon passes through the collateral ganglion and goes to the ...
... D. Innervation to the adrenal gland. The distribution of sympathetic axons to the adrenal gland is different from other structures supplied by the sympathetic division because it consists of only preganglionic neurons. 1) The preganglionic axon passes through the collateral ganglion and goes to the ...
Structural Insights into Maize Viviparous14, a Key
... CPT-2, these two helices penetrate the membrane, allowing the enzyme to extract a lipophilic substrate (Rufer et al., 2007). Interestingly, VP14 helix a3 is adjacent to the opening to the substrate tunnel, which is lined by hydrophobic aromatic residues. These observations, coupled with the favorabl ...
... CPT-2, these two helices penetrate the membrane, allowing the enzyme to extract a lipophilic substrate (Rufer et al., 2007). Interestingly, VP14 helix a3 is adjacent to the opening to the substrate tunnel, which is lined by hydrophobic aromatic residues. These observations, coupled with the favorabl ...
Isolation of Spherosomes with Lysosome Characteristics from
... particle suspensions was omitted and the tonicity of the medium was m aintained during incubation (20% sucrose), very low activities were measured as com pared with activities of sonicated controls. Moreover freezing and thawing of the suspensions prior to the enzyme assay increased the activities ...
... particle suspensions was omitted and the tonicity of the medium was m aintained during incubation (20% sucrose), very low activities were measured as com pared with activities of sonicated controls. Moreover freezing and thawing of the suspensions prior to the enzyme assay increased the activities ...
The Salmonella Effector Protein SopA Modulates Innate Immune
... Modulates Innate Immune Responses by Targeting TRIM E3 Ligase Family Members. PLoS Pathog 12 (4): e1005552. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005552 Editor: Andreas J Baumler, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UNITED STATES ...
... Modulates Innate Immune Responses by Targeting TRIM E3 Ligase Family Members. PLoS Pathog 12 (4): e1005552. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005552 Editor: Andreas J Baumler, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UNITED STATES ...
Defineation of canine parvovirus T cell epitopes with peripheral
... Induction of CPV-specific T cell immunity in mice. Female BALB/c mice 8 to 16 weeks of age, free from known pathogenic mouse viruses, including mouse parvoviruses, raised in the barrier-maintained facilities of the Bilthoven laboratory, were immunized according to methods recently described for the ...
... Induction of CPV-specific T cell immunity in mice. Female BALB/c mice 8 to 16 weeks of age, free from known pathogenic mouse viruses, including mouse parvoviruses, raised in the barrier-maintained facilities of the Bilthoven laboratory, were immunized according to methods recently described for the ...
HiTrap Chelating HP 1 ml and 5 ml
... and peptides on the basis of their affinity for metal ions that have been immobilized by chelation. Certain amino acids (e.g. histidine and cysteine) form complexes with the chelated metals around neutral pH (pH 6–8). It is primarily the histidine content of a protein that is responsible for its bin ...
... and peptides on the basis of their affinity for metal ions that have been immobilized by chelation. Certain amino acids (e.g. histidine and cysteine) form complexes with the chelated metals around neutral pH (pH 6–8). It is primarily the histidine content of a protein that is responsible for its bin ...
48 BIOLOGY 1. Overview of Neurons 11/3/2014
... Modulated Signaling at Synapses In some synapses, a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is metabotropic In this case, movement of ions through a channel depends on one or more metabolic steps Binding of a neurotransmitter to a metabotropic receptor activates a signal transduction pathway ...
... Modulated Signaling at Synapses In some synapses, a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor that is metabotropic In this case, movement of ions through a channel depends on one or more metabolic steps Binding of a neurotransmitter to a metabotropic receptor activates a signal transduction pathway ...
Molecular Pathways of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... A physiological balance of ions is required for majority of cellular functions. On the other hand, factors which can damage neural cells may lead to ionic dysbalance and dysregulation of cytoplasmic and intraorganellar ionic homeostasis. Several biologically active substances including Ca2+ play a r ...
... A physiological balance of ions is required for majority of cellular functions. On the other hand, factors which can damage neural cells may lead to ionic dysbalance and dysregulation of cytoplasmic and intraorganellar ionic homeostasis. Several biologically active substances including Ca2+ play a r ...
A novel approach for protein subcellular location prediction using
... the protein as a proxy for location based on the hypothesis that the physicochemical properties of the residues of a protein must be somehow coupled to the physicochemical properties of the environment where the protein performs its function; therefore the differences between environments will be im ...
... the protein as a proxy for location based on the hypothesis that the physicochemical properties of the residues of a protein must be somehow coupled to the physicochemical properties of the environment where the protein performs its function; therefore the differences between environments will be im ...
Cell-cell communication mediated by the CAR subgroup of
... (brain and testis specific immunoglobulin superfamily). The CAR-related proteins are type I transmembrane proteins containing an N-terminal variable (V-type) and a membrane proximal constant (C2-type) Ig domain in their extracellular region which are implicated in homotypic adhesion. They are highly ...
... (brain and testis specific immunoglobulin superfamily). The CAR-related proteins are type I transmembrane proteins containing an N-terminal variable (V-type) and a membrane proximal constant (C2-type) Ig domain in their extracellular region which are implicated in homotypic adhesion. They are highly ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.