Cellular Respiration Review
... This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come back across the inner membrane but can do so only by passing via a special protein channel called ATP synthase ADP +Pi are sitting on the other side ...
... This gradient is equivalent to a pH gradient or an electrical gradient with lots of potential energy These hydrogen ions eventually want to come back across the inner membrane but can do so only by passing via a special protein channel called ATP synthase ADP +Pi are sitting on the other side ...
coding space – head direction cells
... blocked inhibition of PN facilitates LTP in CA1 depolarize PN membrane facilitates LTP in CA1 during weak tetanus not on its own (i.e., effect is associative) the postsynaptic cell must be depolarized for LTP to occur in the presynaptic cell ...
... blocked inhibition of PN facilitates LTP in CA1 depolarize PN membrane facilitates LTP in CA1 during weak tetanus not on its own (i.e., effect is associative) the postsynaptic cell must be depolarized for LTP to occur in the presynaptic cell ...
K+ Nutrition and Na+ Toxicity: The Basis of Cellular K+/Na+
... tivation usually occurs at voltages more negative than the equilibrium potential for K+, KIRCs only allow movement of K+ into the cell. KORCs (K+ outward rectifying channels) have opposite gating characteristics and thus favour K+ efflux. The open probability of VICs (voltage independent channels) d ...
... tivation usually occurs at voltages more negative than the equilibrium potential for K+, KIRCs only allow movement of K+ into the cell. KORCs (K+ outward rectifying channels) have opposite gating characteristics and thus favour K+ efflux. The open probability of VICs (voltage independent channels) d ...
Lect 1 (Metabolic Pathways) Lect 2 (Enzymes) Lect 3 (Glucose
... Reg of [enzyme] in cells are dependent on: shorter half-lives, enzyme destruction by proteases, AA sequences, ubiquitination by ubiquitin, metabolites, and hormones. Reg of enzymes by location: glucose-6phosphatase is found in liver & kidneys but not muscles. Makes G6P into Glucose, it’s only found ...
... Reg of [enzyme] in cells are dependent on: shorter half-lives, enzyme destruction by proteases, AA sequences, ubiquitination by ubiquitin, metabolites, and hormones. Reg of enzymes by location: glucose-6phosphatase is found in liver & kidneys but not muscles. Makes G6P into Glucose, it’s only found ...
Jamming prokaryotic cell-to-cell communications in a model biofilm†
... capture the rate of change of unoxidized [GFPunox] and oxidized [GFPox] concentrations of GFP-LVA. GFP-LVA protein concentration is a balance between production, at a rate given by the product of the Hill function associated with the C6-HSL input, bg, oxidization which occurs at a rate gg, and degra ...
... capture the rate of change of unoxidized [GFPunox] and oxidized [GFPox] concentrations of GFP-LVA. GFP-LVA protein concentration is a balance between production, at a rate given by the product of the Hill function associated with the C6-HSL input, bg, oxidization which occurs at a rate gg, and degra ...
Jane M. Carlton, , 207 (2007); DOI: 10.1126/science.1132894
... 65 genes, including the ~20 previously documented (5). Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for all 20 amino acids were found, and ~250 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) units were identified on small contigs and localized to one of the six T. vaginalis chromosomes (Fig. 1). The Inr promoter element was found in ~75% of 5′ unt ...
... 65 genes, including the ~20 previously documented (5). Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) for all 20 amino acids were found, and ~250 ribosomal DNA (rDNA) units were identified on small contigs and localized to one of the six T. vaginalis chromosomes (Fig. 1). The Inr promoter element was found in ~75% of 5′ unt ...
Chloroplast redox regulation of nuclear gene transcription
... for higher plants and green algae (Apel and Kloppstech 1980; Michel et al. 1983). To test if this mechanism could account for the LHC II changes induced by decreasing irradiance levels, Mortain-Bertand et al. (1990) blocked the formation of ALA from glutamate with gabaculine and found that 35 S labe ...
... for higher plants and green algae (Apel and Kloppstech 1980; Michel et al. 1983). To test if this mechanism could account for the LHC II changes induced by decreasing irradiance levels, Mortain-Bertand et al. (1990) blocked the formation of ALA from glutamate with gabaculine and found that 35 S labe ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... A. Cholinergic Neurons and Cholinergic Receptors 1. Cholinergic neurons release the neurotransmitter acetlycholine and include all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, and sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat gland ...
... A. Cholinergic Neurons and Cholinergic Receptors 1. Cholinergic neurons release the neurotransmitter acetlycholine and include all sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, and sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat gland ...
Proteome of amyloplasts isolated from
... years, relatively little is known about other biochemical processes taking place in these organelles. To help fill this gap, a proteomic analysis of amyloplasts isolated from the starchy endosperm of wheat seeds (10 d postanthesis) has been conducted. The study has led to the identification of 289 pro ...
... years, relatively little is known about other biochemical processes taking place in these organelles. To help fill this gap, a proteomic analysis of amyloplasts isolated from the starchy endosperm of wheat seeds (10 d postanthesis) has been conducted. The study has led to the identification of 289 pro ...
Arabidopsis R-SNARE Proteins VAMP721 and VAMP722 Are
... sequence-related R-SNAREs, in cell plate formation. Double homozygous vamp721vamp722 mutant seedlings showed lethal dwarf phenotypes and were characterized by rudimentary roots, cotyledons and hypocotyls. Furthermore, cell wall stubs and incomplete cytokinesis were frequently observed in vamp721vamp ...
... sequence-related R-SNAREs, in cell plate formation. Double homozygous vamp721vamp722 mutant seedlings showed lethal dwarf phenotypes and were characterized by rudimentary roots, cotyledons and hypocotyls. Furthermore, cell wall stubs and incomplete cytokinesis were frequently observed in vamp721vamp ...
Possible Roles of Plant Sulfurtransferases in Detoxification of
... homology [14,16]. Therefore, it has been suggested that the inactive rhodanese domain could be involved in signaling [12] but more experimental evidence is needed. Sulfurtransferases or Str-like proteins have been identified in different subcellular compartments. In rats, 3-mercaptopyruvate Str was ...
... homology [14,16]. Therefore, it has been suggested that the inactive rhodanese domain could be involved in signaling [12] but more experimental evidence is needed. Sulfurtransferases or Str-like proteins have been identified in different subcellular compartments. In rats, 3-mercaptopyruvate Str was ...
The cotton MYB108 forms a positive feedback
... Influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol is an important early event in pathogen attack (Lecourieux et al., 2006). The major Ca2+ sensors include calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-like proteins, which localize in various cellular compartments such as the cytoplasm, apoplast, nucleus, and peroxisome (Yang and Poovaia ...
... Influx of Ca2+ into the cytosol is an important early event in pathogen attack (Lecourieux et al., 2006). The major Ca2+ sensors include calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-like proteins, which localize in various cellular compartments such as the cytoplasm, apoplast, nucleus, and peroxisome (Yang and Poovaia ...
8. Peptide bonds, polypeptides and proteins Polypeptide and
... regulatory sequences? The answer is proteins. The class of proteins that do this are known generically as transcription factors. Their shared property is that they bind with high affinity to specific sequences of nucleotides within DNA molecules. For historical reasons, in bacteria these transcripti ...
... regulatory sequences? The answer is proteins. The class of proteins that do this are known generically as transcription factors. Their shared property is that they bind with high affinity to specific sequences of nucleotides within DNA molecules. For historical reasons, in bacteria these transcripti ...
Part c
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
Neurotransmitters
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
Gene Section PKM2 (pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2) in Oncology and Haematology
... This leads to an expansion of all phosphometabolites above the pyruvate kinase reaction and an increased channeling of glucose carbons into synthetic processes, i.e. DNA, phospholipid and amino acid synthesis. Tumor cells contain high levels of dimeric M2-PK, which has therefore been termed 'Tumor M ...
... This leads to an expansion of all phosphometabolites above the pyruvate kinase reaction and an increased channeling of glucose carbons into synthetic processes, i.e. DNA, phospholipid and amino acid synthesis. Tumor cells contain high levels of dimeric M2-PK, which has therefore been termed 'Tumor M ...
ch_11_lecture_outline_c
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
... • Ca2+ concentration increases in presynaptic terminal and ostsynaptic neuron • Brief high-frequency stimulation partially depolarizes the postsynaptic neuron • Chemically gated channels (NMDA receptors) allow Ca2+ entry • Ca2+ activates kinase enzymes that promote more effective responses to subseq ...
BTK, THE TYROSINE KINASE AFFECTED IN X-LINKED
... A number of activating signals lead to an increase in Btk activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. Btk and Tec are both stimulated via gp130 a receptor component of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines (48). Both kinases associate with gp130 in the absence of ligand (48), although the nature o ...
... A number of activating signals lead to an increase in Btk activity and tyrosine phosphorylation. Btk and Tec are both stimulated via gp130 a receptor component of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines (48). Both kinases associate with gp130 in the absence of ligand (48), although the nature o ...
PDF | 816.8KB - New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning
... electric charges and water formation of the primitive components of organic molecules is possible. Organic molecules are found in all living organisms. 2. Scientist use radiometric dating to date very old material. The process compares a parent specimen’s radioactive elements quantity to a samples a ...
... electric charges and water formation of the primitive components of organic molecules is possible. Organic molecules are found in all living organisms. 2. Scientist use radiometric dating to date very old material. The process compares a parent specimen’s radioactive elements quantity to a samples a ...
MULLINEAUXLossOfTheSPHF2011FINAL
... vector, to generate pG1768. Successful colonies were screened via PCR to confirm the presence of the 3 kb insert and sequenced. The spectinomycin resistance cassette was then introduced into pG1768 as detailed in Gust et al., 2003. An analysis of the adjacent ORFs, Sll1638, encoding a hypothetical p ...
... vector, to generate pG1768. Successful colonies were screened via PCR to confirm the presence of the 3 kb insert and sequenced. The spectinomycin resistance cassette was then introduced into pG1768 as detailed in Gust et al., 2003. An analysis of the adjacent ORFs, Sll1638, encoding a hypothetical p ...
Cytoskeletal Elements in Bacteria
... of the physiology of the cell. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin (MreB), and intermediate filament (IF) proteins are key elements in cell division, chromosome and plasmid segregation, and maintenance of proper cell shape, as well as in maintenance of cell polarity and assembly of intracellular organell ...
... of the physiology of the cell. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin (MreB), and intermediate filament (IF) proteins are key elements in cell division, chromosome and plasmid segregation, and maintenance of proper cell shape, as well as in maintenance of cell polarity and assembly of intracellular organell ...
Involvement of the Vacuoles of the Endodermis in
... @bs.aist-nara.ac.jp; fax 81-743-72-5489. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010216. ...
... @bs.aist-nara.ac.jp; fax 81-743-72-5489. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010216. ...
pdf full text
... Culturing allows examination of gene regulatory network behavior across a range of conditions in a synthetic environment. As such, it is not a priori evident which part of observed cell to cell variability (which can range between 50% and 500%) is due to sample preparation versus inherent fluctuatio ...
... Culturing allows examination of gene regulatory network behavior across a range of conditions in a synthetic environment. As such, it is not a priori evident which part of observed cell to cell variability (which can range between 50% and 500%) is due to sample preparation versus inherent fluctuatio ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.