Enzymes - OpenStax CNX
... optimal conformation and function for their respective enzymes. Cofactors are inorganic ions such as iron (Fe++) and magnesium (Mg++). One example of an enzyme that requires a metal ion as a cofactor is the enzyme that builds DNA molecules, DNA polymerase, which requires bound zinc ion (Zn++) to fun ...
... optimal conformation and function for their respective enzymes. Cofactors are inorganic ions such as iron (Fe++) and magnesium (Mg++). One example of an enzyme that requires a metal ion as a cofactor is the enzyme that builds DNA molecules, DNA polymerase, which requires bound zinc ion (Zn++) to fun ...
Mutations in the NOT Genes or in the Translation
... RPL10, which was shown to reduce translation fidelity (Sulima et al., 2014). RPL22 on the other hand forms the narrowest constriction of the ribosomal exit tunnel (Nakatogawa and Ito, 2002). Mutations in RPL22 are believed to alter protein synthesis efficacy. CNOT3 in T-ALL patients frequently carri ...
... RPL10, which was shown to reduce translation fidelity (Sulima et al., 2014). RPL22 on the other hand forms the narrowest constriction of the ribosomal exit tunnel (Nakatogawa and Ito, 2002). Mutations in RPL22 are believed to alter protein synthesis efficacy. CNOT3 in T-ALL patients frequently carri ...
The FHY3 and FAR1 genes encode transposase
... number of other uncharacterized sequences in Arabidopsis, all of which share homology to the MULE family of transposons (Lisch et al., 2001). We have noted that a more recently characterized transposon of maize, Jittery (GenBank Acc. # AF247646), contains an open reading frame showing yet more subst ...
... number of other uncharacterized sequences in Arabidopsis, all of which share homology to the MULE family of transposons (Lisch et al., 2001). We have noted that a more recently characterized transposon of maize, Jittery (GenBank Acc. # AF247646), contains an open reading frame showing yet more subst ...
PINOCYTOSIS IN FIBROBLASTS Quantitative Studies In Vitro
... Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a marker to determine the rate of ongoing pinocytosis in several fibroblast cell lines. The enzyme was interiorized in the fluid phase without evidence of adsorption to the cell surface. Cytochemical reaction product was not found on the cell surface and was ...
... Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used as a marker to determine the rate of ongoing pinocytosis in several fibroblast cell lines. The enzyme was interiorized in the fluid phase without evidence of adsorption to the cell surface. Cytochemical reaction product was not found on the cell surface and was ...
SEDS proteins are a widespread family of bacterial
... that SEDS and bPBPs are known to interact, these factors probably function together within their designated complexes as cognate enzyme pairs that polymerize and crosslink nascent peptidoglycan into the existing meshwork. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that SEDS family members and bPBPs are more ...
... that SEDS and bPBPs are known to interact, these factors probably function together within their designated complexes as cognate enzyme pairs that polymerize and crosslink nascent peptidoglycan into the existing meshwork. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that SEDS family members and bPBPs are more ...
Automated Signal Counting for SISH, Dual CISH
... Affymetrix ViewRNA Example In this example the algorithm is tuned for the Affymetrix ViewRNA stain colors. It detects nuclei (blue), cytoplasmic regions (yellow), and RNA signals (red). ...
... Affymetrix ViewRNA Example In this example the algorithm is tuned for the Affymetrix ViewRNA stain colors. It detects nuclei (blue), cytoplasmic regions (yellow), and RNA signals (red). ...
Geranylgeranylated Proteins are Involved in the Regulation of
... activation of the PI-3K (4, 12, 13), nuclear factor-nB (10, 11), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (14) induces proliferation in myeloma cell lines. GTPases of the Ras and Rho families cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and a GTP-bound form with affinity for various effector protei ...
... activation of the PI-3K (4, 12, 13), nuclear factor-nB (10, 11), and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (14) induces proliferation in myeloma cell lines. GTPases of the Ras and Rho families cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and a GTP-bound form with affinity for various effector protei ...
Identification of TIpC, a novel 62 kDa MCP
... of high conservation was found to be localized within the C-terminal domain (Fig. 4), with no detectable homology in the N-terminal region. An amino acid alignment between TlpC and a representative E. coli transducer Tar showed 30.0 o/' identity in a 297 amino acid overlap (Fig. 4). The similarity b ...
... of high conservation was found to be localized within the C-terminal domain (Fig. 4), with no detectable homology in the N-terminal region. An amino acid alignment between TlpC and a representative E. coli transducer Tar showed 30.0 o/' identity in a 297 amino acid overlap (Fig. 4). The similarity b ...
Liu_umd_0117E_10287 - University of Maryland Libraries
... the level of FcRn itself will affect the IgG-associated immune responses. Although FcRn is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, the extent to which FcRn expression is regulated by immunological and inflammatory events remains unknown.I showed here that FcRn was up-regulated by the stimu ...
... the level of FcRn itself will affect the IgG-associated immune responses. Although FcRn is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types, the extent to which FcRn expression is regulated by immunological and inflammatory events remains unknown.I showed here that FcRn was up-regulated by the stimu ...
384 The non-canonical Wnt ligand, Wnt4, is highly expressed in
... Background and aims: We have previously published data showing that in beta-cells most Wnt ligands are either not present or expressed at very low levels. The exception to this is Wnt4 which is expressed at levels 10 fold higher than any other Wnt ligand. Wnt4 has been suggested to have a negative e ...
... Background and aims: We have previously published data showing that in beta-cells most Wnt ligands are either not present or expressed at very low levels. The exception to this is Wnt4 which is expressed at levels 10 fold higher than any other Wnt ligand. Wnt4 has been suggested to have a negative e ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... exocyst was also revealed to be crucial for seed coat development (Kulich et al., 2010) and pollen–pistil interaction (Samuel et al., 2009). The study of plant exocyst regulators is only beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPas ...
... exocyst was also revealed to be crucial for seed coat development (Kulich et al., 2010) and pollen–pistil interaction (Samuel et al., 2009). The study of plant exocyst regulators is only beginning; however, Lavy et al. (2007) demonstrated that the SEC3 subunit interacts with plant-specific Rho GTPas ...
Structure-Function Relationships of Stem Cell Factor
... involved in the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. The cloning of this re~eptor’‘~ and its ligand (here termed stem cell factor [SCF], but also known as c-kit ligand, mast cell growth factor and steel factor4-”); culminated decades of work begun by development ...
... involved in the proliferation and differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells. The cloning of this re~eptor’‘~ and its ligand (here termed stem cell factor [SCF], but also known as c-kit ligand, mast cell growth factor and steel factor4-”); culminated decades of work begun by development ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... the action of an endogenous enzyme,35,37 which removed myristic acid from the VSG38 while generating the 'cross reacting determinant' (CRD), the only common immunogenic structure observed between different VSG variants.39,40 The CRD itself is associated with a complex oligosaccharide that was attach ...
... the action of an endogenous enzyme,35,37 which removed myristic acid from the VSG38 while generating the 'cross reacting determinant' (CRD), the only common immunogenic structure observed between different VSG variants.39,40 The CRD itself is associated with a complex oligosaccharide that was attach ...
Full-Text
... “fragmentation phase”. Further cycles of elongation and fragmentation finally result in an exponential increase of PrPTSE . PrPTSE does not only spread from cell to cell but also from individual to individual as it naturally occurs in scrapie and CWD [17–19]. Prions can exist as different strains si ...
... “fragmentation phase”. Further cycles of elongation and fragmentation finally result in an exponential increase of PrPTSE . PrPTSE does not only spread from cell to cell but also from individual to individual as it naturally occurs in scrapie and CWD [17–19]. Prions can exist as different strains si ...
From milliseconds to millions of years: guard cells and
... such as ABA and auxin [26,27]. This area of study is advancing rapidly, and this past year has seen particular advances in our understanding of the inter-relationships between ABA and Ca2+ signaling. Changes in cytosolic calcium are elicited by many of the signals to which plants respond, and cytoso ...
... such as ABA and auxin [26,27]. This area of study is advancing rapidly, and this past year has seen particular advances in our understanding of the inter-relationships between ABA and Ca2+ signaling. Changes in cytosolic calcium are elicited by many of the signals to which plants respond, and cytoso ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
... proposed. The dissimilarities among these results can arise from the use of different cell lines, methodologies, labelled peptides, protein-conjugated peptides and different conditions, which can inhibit some pathways while favouring others. Even in a picture where the endosomal pathway emerges as t ...
The Nucleolus under Stress
... cells with the specific mTOR inhibitor rapamycin leads to reduced pre-rRNA transcription and thereby decreased ribosome subunit production. Although the mechanisms for starvation-induced inactivation of mTOR are not completely understood, mTOR activity is inhibited by an increase in the cellular AMP ...
... cells with the specific mTOR inhibitor rapamycin leads to reduced pre-rRNA transcription and thereby decreased ribosome subunit production. Although the mechanisms for starvation-induced inactivation of mTOR are not completely understood, mTOR activity is inhibited by an increase in the cellular AMP ...
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... of genome sequences for some of the most important plant pathogenic oomycetes, including Pythium [5], Phytophthora [6-8], Albugo [9,10], and Hyaloperonospora [11] species have significantly advanced the field by enabling the cataloguing of putative effectors. These genome-wide repertoires revealed u ...
... of genome sequences for some of the most important plant pathogenic oomycetes, including Pythium [5], Phytophthora [6-8], Albugo [9,10], and Hyaloperonospora [11] species have significantly advanced the field by enabling the cataloguing of putative effectors. These genome-wide repertoires revealed u ...
The Euglena - Hamilton Local Schools
... Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena usually live in q ...
... Euglena are unicellular organisms classified into the Kingdom Protista, and the Phylum Euglenophyta. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food by photosynthesis. They are not completely autotrophic though, euglena can also absorb food from their environment. Euglena usually live in q ...
the 36th NPS abstract book
... focal delivery of fungal effectors. Biotrophic hyphae are tightly enveloped by an expanded host plasma membrane, which develops a specialized composition through the exclusion of some host proteins and specific targeting of others. Novel compartments called ‘interfacial bodies’ formed on the surface ...
... focal delivery of fungal effectors. Biotrophic hyphae are tightly enveloped by an expanded host plasma membrane, which develops a specialized composition through the exclusion of some host proteins and specific targeting of others. Novel compartments called ‘interfacial bodies’ formed on the surface ...
Retention of Glucose Units Added by the UDP
... of them were twice washed with H a m ' s F-12 (methionine, proline, and glycine free) medium (10.65 g per liter) supplemented with 34.5 mg per liter of proline and 7.5 nag per liter of glycine and 1.2 g per liter of NaHCO3. The parasites were resuspended in 9 ml of the above indicated medium. The su ...
... of them were twice washed with H a m ' s F-12 (methionine, proline, and glycine free) medium (10.65 g per liter) supplemented with 34.5 mg per liter of proline and 7.5 nag per liter of glycine and 1.2 g per liter of NaHCO3. The parasites were resuspended in 9 ml of the above indicated medium. The su ...
Full-Text PDF
... There is very little data on the cell biology of PR1s in plants. In Arabidopsis, PR1 protein tagged with mCherry was found to accumulate in high levels in the apoplastic space of the epidermis of cotyledons of wild-type seedlings, with only a weak signal detected in the vacuolar lumen [8]. However, ...
... There is very little data on the cell biology of PR1s in plants. In Arabidopsis, PR1 protein tagged with mCherry was found to accumulate in high levels in the apoplastic space of the epidermis of cotyledons of wild-type seedlings, with only a weak signal detected in the vacuolar lumen [8]. However, ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.