AMPA Receptor Calcium Permeability, GluR2
... All cultures were kept in a 6% C O2 humidified incubator at 37°C. Neurons were used for experiments between 10 and 15 d in vitro. Immunoc ytochemistr y. Peripherin and SM I-32 immunostaining was performed as previously described (Vandenberghe et al., 1998a,b). Neuronal cell body diameter (defined as ...
... All cultures were kept in a 6% C O2 humidified incubator at 37°C. Neurons were used for experiments between 10 and 15 d in vitro. Immunoc ytochemistr y. Peripherin and SM I-32 immunostaining was performed as previously described (Vandenberghe et al., 1998a,b). Neuronal cell body diameter (defined as ...
Recombinant Rat Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF)
... Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a polypeptide initially purified from chick embryo ocular tissue and identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons in culture. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell t ...
... Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a polypeptide initially purified from chick embryo ocular tissue and identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons in culture. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell t ...
(ECM) Binding Sites on the Basal Surface of Embryonic Corneal
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 102, May 1986 1907-1916 ...
... The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 102, May 1986 1907-1916 ...
From yeast to patient neurons and back again - Lindquist Lab
... evolutionary distance, basic cell biological processes are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Vesicle trafficking pathways, mechanisms that maintain proper protein folding, mitochondria, and lipid biology, for example, are fundamentally similar from yeast to humans. As a single-cell ‘living test ...
... evolutionary distance, basic cell biological processes are highly conserved from yeast to humans. Vesicle trafficking pathways, mechanisms that maintain proper protein folding, mitochondria, and lipid biology, for example, are fundamentally similar from yeast to humans. As a single-cell ‘living test ...
The evolution, function, structure, and expression
... oligomers are dimers. However, the oligomers are of different sizes: the plant Hsp16.9 forms a dodecamer, and the oligomer of Hsp16.5 has 24 subunits. Hsp16.9 the dodecamer has three tetramers that form two six-membered rings (hexameric double disks) (Fig. 2) (van Montfort et al., 2001). A model for ...
... oligomers are dimers. However, the oligomers are of different sizes: the plant Hsp16.9 forms a dodecamer, and the oligomer of Hsp16.5 has 24 subunits. Hsp16.9 the dodecamer has three tetramers that form two six-membered rings (hexameric double disks) (Fig. 2) (van Montfort et al., 2001). A model for ...
The Proteins of the Keratin Component of Bird`s Beaks
... these proteins show an overall similarity in composition. This is particularly evident in their contents of glycine (about 30 residues %), tyrosine, serine and proline which together account for 55-60 % of the total residues. Their content of half-cystine, determined as S-carboxymethyl cysteine, is ...
... these proteins show an overall similarity in composition. This is particularly evident in their contents of glycine (about 30 residues %), tyrosine, serine and proline which together account for 55-60 % of the total residues. Their content of half-cystine, determined as S-carboxymethyl cysteine, is ...
NeuroD2 Is Necessary for Development and Survival of Central
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
... this bHLH transcription factor was necessary for normal brain development, we used homologous recombination to replace the neuroD2 coding region with a -galactosidase reporter gene. The neuroD2 gene expressed the reporter in a subset of neurons in the central nervous system, including in neurons of ...
Super-resolution microscopy of mitochondria
... resulting in the production of ATP, which makes mitochondria indispensable ‘power plants’ of eukaryotic cells. Since the 1950s, various forms of electron microscopy (EM) have provided a detailed view on the membrane architecture of these organelles (reviewed, for example, in [2,3]). EM is exquisitel ...
... resulting in the production of ATP, which makes mitochondria indispensable ‘power plants’ of eukaryotic cells. Since the 1950s, various forms of electron microscopy (EM) have provided a detailed view on the membrane architecture of these organelles (reviewed, for example, in [2,3]). EM is exquisitel ...
The Physiology of Gibberellin-Induced Elongation
... and to studies with excised sections which show a very limited growth response to GA (3,4) or some dependence on, or response to, auxins (3,5,6). Among the conceptuallirnitations to progress in elucidating the mechanism of GA action, attempts to resolve the roles of cell division and ceil elongation ...
... and to studies with excised sections which show a very limited growth response to GA (3,4) or some dependence on, or response to, auxins (3,5,6). Among the conceptuallirnitations to progress in elucidating the mechanism of GA action, attempts to resolve the roles of cell division and ceil elongation ...
Chapter # PLASMA MEMBRANE PHOSPHOLIPID ASYMMETRY
... is that the reporter group introduces significant changes in lipid conformation and properties and the effect this may have on behaviour is problematic. This is not a factor in radioactive analogues which can be readily incorporated into the membrane by phospholipid transfer proteins but bilayer dyn ...
... is that the reporter group introduces significant changes in lipid conformation and properties and the effect this may have on behaviour is problematic. This is not a factor in radioactive analogues which can be readily incorporated into the membrane by phospholipid transfer proteins but bilayer dyn ...
Mitochondrion and Chloroplast Regulation of Plant Programmed
... and this has been used as a tool to investigate the physiological role of the PTP in animal cells. Similarly, CsA has been used in plant PCD models to pharmacologically provide evidence for the existence of the PTP. CsA has been shown to inhibit Ca2+-induced swelling of potato mitochondria [64], bet ...
... and this has been used as a tool to investigate the physiological role of the PTP in animal cells. Similarly, CsA has been used in plant PCD models to pharmacologically provide evidence for the existence of the PTP. CsA has been shown to inhibit Ca2+-induced swelling of potato mitochondria [64], bet ...
Selective kinase inhibitors as tools for neuroscience research
... Selective, small molecule protein kinase inhibitors provide another powerful way of studying kinase function. They have two major advantages. First they will act on the endogenous kinase and do not require transfection of over-expression. Secondly they can be used over short time scales, which circu ...
... Selective, small molecule protein kinase inhibitors provide another powerful way of studying kinase function. They have two major advantages. First they will act on the endogenous kinase and do not require transfection of over-expression. Secondly they can be used over short time scales, which circu ...
Live-cell mass profiling: an emerging approach in
... to quantify the growth of yeast volume and mass over time30. This work showed that the density of individual yeast cells increased at the G1-to-S transition and that this density increase was dependent on basic cell physiological processes including ATP production and protein synthesis as well as on ...
... to quantify the growth of yeast volume and mass over time30. This work showed that the density of individual yeast cells increased at the G1-to-S transition and that this density increase was dependent on basic cell physiological processes including ATP production and protein synthesis as well as on ...
What more do we need to know to optimize the
... • Lowering pH, especially in young birds, can help with protease efficacy ...
... • Lowering pH, especially in young birds, can help with protease efficacy ...
Unit 12 ~ Learning Guide Name
... ____________________________ wrap around the nerve fibers when they are myelinated. This results in the impulse skipping from node to node. In myelinated axons and dendrites, the impulse can travel up to 200m/s. In unmyelinated fibers, the impulse can be as slow as 0.5 m/s. This difference in speed ...
... ____________________________ wrap around the nerve fibers when they are myelinated. This results in the impulse skipping from node to node. In myelinated axons and dendrites, the impulse can travel up to 200m/s. In unmyelinated fibers, the impulse can be as slow as 0.5 m/s. This difference in speed ...
The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes in neurodegenerative
... and p38), which can be activated by signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including the insulin, Trk, PDGF and VEGF receptors. NOX2 activation also involves Rac translocation, and this step is controlled by phosphorylation of GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) by src and possibly PKC. Elev ...
... and p38), which can be activated by signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including the insulin, Trk, PDGF and VEGF receptors. NOX2 activation also involves Rac translocation, and this step is controlled by phosphorylation of GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) by src and possibly PKC. Elev ...
secretion and endocytosis in insulin
... after injection (Fig. 3). Small peroxidase-containing bodies are also visible in the medulla cells. In animals exposed to peroxidase 4-9 h after insulin, a great n u m b e r of peroxidase-containing bodies are seen in the medulla cells, and some of the bodies are larger than those seen in the cells ...
... after injection (Fig. 3). Small peroxidase-containing bodies are also visible in the medulla cells. In animals exposed to peroxidase 4-9 h after insulin, a great n u m b e r of peroxidase-containing bodies are seen in the medulla cells, and some of the bodies are larger than those seen in the cells ...
Primordial germ cell migration - The International Journal of
... 2003). In the mouse, single cell transcriptional profiling has been cadherin can prevent the formation of PGCs in a cell culture system used to identify genes expressed in nascent PGCs (Saitou et al., (Okamura et al., 2003). Newly formed PGCs were also found to 2002; Tanaka and Matsui, 2002) and chi ...
... 2003). In the mouse, single cell transcriptional profiling has been cadherin can prevent the formation of PGCs in a cell culture system used to identify genes expressed in nascent PGCs (Saitou et al., (Okamura et al., 2003). Newly formed PGCs were also found to 2002; Tanaka and Matsui, 2002) and chi ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
... transcription factor, which activates S-phase-promoting genes. (B) In plants, different CKI proteins, members of the KRP family, are also regulated by distinct ubiquitin E3 ligases and, as in mammals, their degradation might be conditioned by their phosphorylated status. In sporophytic tissues, the ...
... transcription factor, which activates S-phase-promoting genes. (B) In plants, different CKI proteins, members of the KRP family, are also regulated by distinct ubiquitin E3 ligases and, as in mammals, their degradation might be conditioned by their phosphorylated status. In sporophytic tissues, the ...
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells CCL19 Gene Expression in
... controlled action of multiple transcription factors activated by microbes or their structural components. Activated transcription factors bind to the regulatory elements of cytokine/chemokine genes, and may either repress or activate the transcription of the respective gene. Mammalian NF-B/Rel fami ...
... controlled action of multiple transcription factors activated by microbes or their structural components. Activated transcription factors bind to the regulatory elements of cytokine/chemokine genes, and may either repress or activate the transcription of the respective gene. Mammalian NF-B/Rel fami ...
SGR2, a Phospholipase-Like Protein, and ZIG
... to contain more than eight putative coding regions. Finally, the mutations of all sgr2 alleles were mapped to one gene located just to the south of the sgr2-10 deletion site (Figure 5A). The SGR2 gene was composed of 22 exons and encoded a protein with a molecular mass of 106.3 kD (933 amino acids) ...
... to contain more than eight putative coding regions. Finally, the mutations of all sgr2 alleles were mapped to one gene located just to the south of the sgr2-10 deletion site (Figure 5A). The SGR2 gene was composed of 22 exons and encoded a protein with a molecular mass of 106.3 kD (933 amino acids) ...
MaxiK Channel β-Subunits
... The most notorious difference from the -1-subunit is an NH2terminal domain that contains a hydrophobic region followed by positively charged residues. This type of sequence is characteristic of inactivation peptides that can occlude the conduction pathway of Shaker K+ and of MaxiK channels. Conseque ...
... The most notorious difference from the -1-subunit is an NH2terminal domain that contains a hydrophobic region followed by positively charged residues. This type of sequence is characteristic of inactivation peptides that can occlude the conduction pathway of Shaker K+ and of MaxiK channels. Conseque ...
Dopamine: a potential substrate for synaptic plasticity and memory
... have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the strength of synaptic transmission can be modified on a long-term basis by specific patterns of activation such as high frequency trains that produce L ...
... have been described in various parts of the brain and particularly in brain regions that receive DA innervations. It is now well established that the strength of synaptic transmission can be modified on a long-term basis by specific patterns of activation such as high frequency trains that produce L ...
Length and Amino Acid Composition Complementarity
... Evidence is accumulating that the ⌯C is assessed for its ability to functionally associate with a LC before LC rearrangement, with the SLC functioning as the assessor (8, 11, 12). The presence of the SLC before LC rearrangement as well as its structural similarity to a conventional Ig LC make it an ...
... Evidence is accumulating that the ⌯C is assessed for its ability to functionally associate with a LC before LC rearrangement, with the SLC functioning as the assessor (8, 11, 12). The presence of the SLC before LC rearrangement as well as its structural similarity to a conventional Ig LC make it an ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.