Outline - Utexas
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
transcriptome analyses reveal differential gene - ePIC
... Tusher et al. (2001). Data sets were permuted 500 times each, and differential gene expression was called significant when gene-specific q-values, which represent a statistically estimated ...
... Tusher et al. (2001). Data sets were permuted 500 times each, and differential gene expression was called significant when gene-specific q-values, which represent a statistically estimated ...
Master proper.docx - BORA
... suppress immunity; whereas “Natural Killer” T cells (not to be confused with NK cells) act in a similar way to cytotoxic T cells but are part of the innate response and do not adapt in response to an antigen or infection. The largest groups of T cells are made up of the “Helper” T-cells or CD4+ T ce ...
... suppress immunity; whereas “Natural Killer” T cells (not to be confused with NK cells) act in a similar way to cytotoxic T cells but are part of the innate response and do not adapt in response to an antigen or infection. The largest groups of T cells are made up of the “Helper” T-cells or CD4+ T ce ...
Tricellulin regulates junctional tension of epithelial cells at tricellular
... bundles at the AJC controls the shape of the epithelial cell border, the morphogenesis of epithelial cellular sheets and the remodeling of epithelial cells during development (Lecuit and Lenne, 2007; Lecuit et al., 2011; Vichas and Zallen, 2011). When the apico-lateral border of each epithelial cell ...
... bundles at the AJC controls the shape of the epithelial cell border, the morphogenesis of epithelial cellular sheets and the remodeling of epithelial cells during development (Lecuit and Lenne, 2007; Lecuit et al., 2011; Vichas and Zallen, 2011). When the apico-lateral border of each epithelial cell ...
H +
... ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transport ABC system is an example of an ATP-dependent active transport found in various gram-negative bacteria. It involves substrate-specific binding proteins located in the bacterial periplasm, the gel-like substance between the bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic memb ...
... ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transport ABC system is an example of an ATP-dependent active transport found in various gram-negative bacteria. It involves substrate-specific binding proteins located in the bacterial periplasm, the gel-like substance between the bacterial cell wall and cytoplasmic memb ...
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome - American College of Medical
... Legend: $ = likely to be increased or activated; # = likely to be decreased; = no significant changes; (╬) = likely a contributor, exact mechanism is unclear; (-) = likely not to be a contributing factor; CVA = cerebro-vascular accident; Sx = surgery; Etoh = alcohol; CNS-Dep = central nervous syst ...
... Legend: $ = likely to be increased or activated; # = likely to be decreased; = no significant changes; (╬) = likely a contributor, exact mechanism is unclear; (-) = likely not to be a contributing factor; CVA = cerebro-vascular accident; Sx = surgery; Etoh = alcohol; CNS-Dep = central nervous syst ...
The Role of the Cell Cycle Machinery in
... germination implies the resumption of cell cycle progression after a period of quiescence, entry into G1 and activation of the G1-to-S switch may represent an important control in early seedling development. The progressive passage through the various phases of the cell cycle is controlled by a cons ...
... germination implies the resumption of cell cycle progression after a period of quiescence, entry into G1 and activation of the G1-to-S switch may represent an important control in early seedling development. The progressive passage through the various phases of the cell cycle is controlled by a cons ...
Effect of Water Stress on Cell Division and Cell
... Cdc2-like protein in an incubation volume of 50 mL (John et al., 1991; Zhang et al., 1996), with the modification that 20 mL of the terminated assay was spotted onto Whatman P81 paper and washed five times for 3 min in 75 mm H2PO4, and the radioactivity was determined in a scintillation counter to q ...
... Cdc2-like protein in an incubation volume of 50 mL (John et al., 1991; Zhang et al., 1996), with the modification that 20 mL of the terminated assay was spotted onto Whatman P81 paper and washed five times for 3 min in 75 mm H2PO4, and the radioactivity was determined in a scintillation counter to q ...
LEB 3(3) 153-187 – From Darwin`s On the Origin of Species by Means
... genetics-approach is worded as follows: “Neo Darwinism ignores much contemporary molecular evidence and invokes a set of unsupported assumptions about the accidental nature of hereditary variation. It ignores important rapid evolutionary processes such as symbiogenesis, horizontal gene transfer, act ...
... genetics-approach is worded as follows: “Neo Darwinism ignores much contemporary molecular evidence and invokes a set of unsupported assumptions about the accidental nature of hereditary variation. It ignores important rapid evolutionary processes such as symbiogenesis, horizontal gene transfer, act ...
Retinoic acid-mediated activation of HNF-3a
... the induction of a DNA binding protein that specifically recognizes an HNF-3 binding site (lane 2) and co-migrates with HNF-3a present in rat H4 hepatoma cells (lane 4). The induced band can be competed out with an excess of unlabeled HNF-3 binding site but is not affected by unrelated oligonucleoti ...
... the induction of a DNA binding protein that specifically recognizes an HNF-3 binding site (lane 2) and co-migrates with HNF-3a present in rat H4 hepatoma cells (lane 4). The induced band can be competed out with an excess of unlabeled HNF-3 binding site but is not affected by unrelated oligonucleoti ...
Ch. 39 Plant Response to Signals
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
2011 CSH - Harvard University
... Activity-dependent plasticity of vertebrate neurons allows the brain to respond to its environment. During brain development, both spontaneous and sensory-driven neural activity are essential for instructively guiding the process of synapse development. These effects of neuronal activity are transdu ...
... Activity-dependent plasticity of vertebrate neurons allows the brain to respond to its environment. During brain development, both spontaneous and sensory-driven neural activity are essential for instructively guiding the process of synapse development. These effects of neuronal activity are transdu ...
Role of lectins (and rhizobial exopolysaccharides) in legume
... It is possible that lectins function in signal transduction pathways by binding to transmembrane proteins. Metcalf et al. [44] found that soybean protoplasts bound several iodinated lectins specifically and saturably. Fluorescence microscopy of the protoplasts showed uniform labeling of the plasma m ...
... It is possible that lectins function in signal transduction pathways by binding to transmembrane proteins. Metcalf et al. [44] found that soybean protoplasts bound several iodinated lectins specifically and saturably. Fluorescence microscopy of the protoplasts showed uniform labeling of the plasma m ...
Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... It is possible that lectins function in signal transduction pathways by binding to transmembrane proteins. Metcalf et al. [44] found that soybean protoplasts bound several iodinated lectins specifically and saturably. Fluorescence microscopy of the protoplasts showed uniform labeling of the plasma m ...
... It is possible that lectins function in signal transduction pathways by binding to transmembrane proteins. Metcalf et al. [44] found that soybean protoplasts bound several iodinated lectins specifically and saturably. Fluorescence microscopy of the protoplasts showed uniform labeling of the plasma m ...
BAFF, APRIL and their receptors: Structure, function - Serval
... other hand, APRIL binds TACI and BCMA with high affinity (nanomolar range), but not at all to BAFF-R. When receptors are dimerized as Ig fusion proteins, all receptors efficiently bind ligands in the low to subnanomolar range, with the exception of BAFF-R that does not bind to APRIL (Table 1, and re ...
... other hand, APRIL binds TACI and BCMA with high affinity (nanomolar range), but not at all to BAFF-R. When receptors are dimerized as Ig fusion proteins, all receptors efficiently bind ligands in the low to subnanomolar range, with the exception of BAFF-R that does not bind to APRIL (Table 1, and re ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... huge complexity of specialized tissues and organs, a structural and biochemical diversity of plastids coevolved. Especially angiosperms harbor a variety of specialized plastid forms: proplastids, leucoplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, gerontoplasts, and chloroplasts. Each form has its specific ultr ...
... huge complexity of specialized tissues and organs, a structural and biochemical diversity of plastids coevolved. Especially angiosperms harbor a variety of specialized plastid forms: proplastids, leucoplasts, chromoplasts, amyloplasts, gerontoplasts, and chloroplasts. Each form has its specific ultr ...
Voltage-dependent Ionic Conductances of Type I Spiral Ganglion
... blocked by 50 PM Gd3+. Cobalt (2 mM) in the absenceof extracellular Ca*+ also abolishesthis current. These data provide evidence for a component calcium conductancethat is activated near the resting potential. Interestingly, an increasedintracellular Ca concentration prolongsthe decay of the associa ...
... blocked by 50 PM Gd3+. Cobalt (2 mM) in the absenceof extracellular Ca*+ also abolishesthis current. These data provide evidence for a component calcium conductancethat is activated near the resting potential. Interestingly, an increasedintracellular Ca concentration prolongsthe decay of the associa ...
Renal tubular reabsorption
... • Glucose, amino acids, or phosphate with sodium in luminal membranes of proximal tubules • Sodium and hydrogen ions in luminal membranes of proximal ...
... • Glucose, amino acids, or phosphate with sodium in luminal membranes of proximal tubules • Sodium and hydrogen ions in luminal membranes of proximal ...
Perspectives in the Coordinate Regulation of Cell Cycle Events in
... Initiation of cell cycle Cell cycles are re-initiated at the end of the cell cycles (Fig. 2A) or when light grown cultures are placed in the dark and re-exposed to light (Fig. 3A). Soon after the initiation of the cell cycle, r-protein synthesis is first to appear followed by the cell events as indi ...
... Initiation of cell cycle Cell cycles are re-initiated at the end of the cell cycles (Fig. 2A) or when light grown cultures are placed in the dark and re-exposed to light (Fig. 3A). Soon after the initiation of the cell cycle, r-protein synthesis is first to appear followed by the cell events as indi ...
Target-cell-specific concentration of a metabotropic glutamate
... terminals making synapses with pyramidal cells and other types of interneuron. Distinct levels of mGluR7 are fo und at different synapses made by individual pyramidal axons or even single boutons. These results raise the possibility that presynaptic neurons could regulate the probability of transmit ...
... terminals making synapses with pyramidal cells and other types of interneuron. Distinct levels of mGluR7 are fo und at different synapses made by individual pyramidal axons or even single boutons. These results raise the possibility that presynaptic neurons could regulate the probability of transmit ...
Chapter 39 - Plant Responses
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection
... in vivo blockade of the PD-1–PD-L pathway in vivo leads to increased T-cell proliferation, effector cytokine production, SIV-specific B-cell responses, and prolonged survival [19-22]. CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals are reportedly dysfunctional with reduced proliferative capacity and effect ...
... in vivo blockade of the PD-1–PD-L pathway in vivo leads to increased T-cell proliferation, effector cytokine production, SIV-specific B-cell responses, and prolonged survival [19-22]. CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals are reportedly dysfunctional with reduced proliferative capacity and effect ...
Plant tropisms - Semantic Scholar
... elongating at a greater rate in one region of the responding organ relative to an opposing position within that same organ. As most work in the area of tropic response has shown, curvature can only be properly manifested through the coordinated activity of hormones. Small fluctuations in the cellula ...
... elongating at a greater rate in one region of the responding organ relative to an opposing position within that same organ. As most work in the area of tropic response has shown, curvature can only be properly manifested through the coordinated activity of hormones. Small fluctuations in the cellula ...
NETosis: how vital is it?
... unclear if these mechanisms also occur in PMNs or if they are required for liberation of DNA into the cytoplasm prior to NET release. Certainly, PMNs are likely to employ unique mechanisms of nuclear envelope breakdown. For example, elastase relocation to the nucleus is a prerequisite for NET releas ...
... unclear if these mechanisms also occur in PMNs or if they are required for liberation of DNA into the cytoplasm prior to NET release. Certainly, PMNs are likely to employ unique mechanisms of nuclear envelope breakdown. For example, elastase relocation to the nucleus is a prerequisite for NET releas ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.