MECHANISMS OF PATTERN FORMATION IN PLANT
... encodes a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in cells along the anterior margin of the parasegment. These cells also express the segment polarity gene hedgehog (hh) and secrete Hh protein. Hh activates and maintains expression of the segment polarity gene wingless (wg) in the adjacent ce ...
... encodes a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in cells along the anterior margin of the parasegment. These cells also express the segment polarity gene hedgehog (hh) and secrete Hh protein. Hh activates and maintains expression of the segment polarity gene wingless (wg) in the adjacent ce ...
Chemical Separations - RIT
... Multidentate – more than one ligand atom per ligand molecule. (Chelating ligand) Applied to a group (ligand) that loops round a central metal ion to be attached at two or more points, and also to the co-ordination compound so formed. Hence as n., a chelate compound. ...
... Multidentate – more than one ligand atom per ligand molecule. (Chelating ligand) Applied to a group (ligand) that loops round a central metal ion to be attached at two or more points, and also to the co-ordination compound so formed. Hence as n., a chelate compound. ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... only at the overlapping edges of the corneocytes, in cell-cell interdigitation zones, and the flat corneocyte discs remain laterally attached with these junctions. When the lateral / peripheral corneodesmosomes disappear, in their turn, the corneocytes are gradually shed at the skin surface. The rea ...
... only at the overlapping edges of the corneocytes, in cell-cell interdigitation zones, and the flat corneocyte discs remain laterally attached with these junctions. When the lateral / peripheral corneodesmosomes disappear, in their turn, the corneocytes are gradually shed at the skin surface. The rea ...
Extracellular ATP signaling in plants
... the levels of mammalian CD39 ecto-apyrase which functions in regulating inflammation, immune responsiveness, and cell death [22]. As in animal cells, plant extracellular ATP also plays an important role in cell viability, because artificial removal of ATP from the plant apoplast triggers cell death ...
... the levels of mammalian CD39 ecto-apyrase which functions in regulating inflammation, immune responsiveness, and cell death [22]. As in animal cells, plant extracellular ATP also plays an important role in cell viability, because artificial removal of ATP from the plant apoplast triggers cell death ...
Abstract Importance Structure of Primary Cilia A B Functional Kif3B
... Goetz, S and Anderson, K. 2010. The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development. Nature Reviews Genetics 11:331-344. Singla, V and Reiter, JF. 2006. The primary cilium as the cell’s antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle. Science 313:629-633. Yamazaki, H, et al. 1995. KIF3A/ ...
... Goetz, S and Anderson, K. 2010. The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development. Nature Reviews Genetics 11:331-344. Singla, V and Reiter, JF. 2006. The primary cilium as the cell’s antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle. Science 313:629-633. Yamazaki, H, et al. 1995. KIF3A/ ...
Translocation of Magnaporthe oryzae Effectors into
... were first secreted into BICs at the tips of the initially filamentous hyphae in the cell. These tip BICs were left behind beside the first-differentiated bulbous IH cells as the fungus continued to colonize the host cell. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the effect ...
... were first secreted into BICs at the tips of the initially filamentous hyphae in the cell. These tip BICs were left behind beside the first-differentiated bulbous IH cells as the fungus continued to colonize the host cell. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the effect ...
The enemy within: ricin and plant cells
... masquerade as a misfolded protein, perhaps after reduction of the interchain disulphide bond which would expose a hydrophobic patch at the C-terminus of RTA that is normally shielded by RTB. This, however, remains to be experimentally established. Whatever the events, the fact that export of protein ...
... masquerade as a misfolded protein, perhaps after reduction of the interchain disulphide bond which would expose a hydrophobic patch at the C-terminus of RTA that is normally shielded by RTB. This, however, remains to be experimentally established. Whatever the events, the fact that export of protein ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... 32) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. D) Only small nonpolar molec ...
... 32) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. D) Only small nonpolar molec ...
Action potential
... Can have complex effects on perception, motor control, and emotional states ...
... Can have complex effects on perception, motor control, and emotional states ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... 32) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. D) Only small nonpolar molec ...
... 32) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane. D) Only small nonpolar molec ...
Identification of a GDP-L-fucose: polypeptide fucosyltransferase and
... showed O-fucosyltransferase activity present in rat and hamster liver and CHO cell homogenates. CHO cell paste was used as the source of enzyme in all subsequent experiments unless otherwise noted, because it had relatively higher activity than the liver, and the majority of the activity was recover ...
... showed O-fucosyltransferase activity present in rat and hamster liver and CHO cell homogenates. CHO cell paste was used as the source of enzyme in all subsequent experiments unless otherwise noted, because it had relatively higher activity than the liver, and the majority of the activity was recover ...
α-Hemolysin pore formation into a supported
... the concurrent cell-free expression and insertion of membrane proteins into phospholipid bilayers. The poreforming protein α-hemolysin, fused to the reporter protein eGFP, was used as a model of membrane protein. Cell-free expression of the toxin in solution and inside large synthetic phospholipid v ...
... the concurrent cell-free expression and insertion of membrane proteins into phospholipid bilayers. The poreforming protein α-hemolysin, fused to the reporter protein eGFP, was used as a model of membrane protein. Cell-free expression of the toxin in solution and inside large synthetic phospholipid v ...
- Wiley Online Library
... transported by EIIC, and results in sugar phosphates that may be metabolized immediately. On the contrary, carbohydrates that are internalized in non-phosphorylated form independently from the PTS need phosphorylation by kinases prior to metabolism. We will in the following refer to the proteins res ...
... transported by EIIC, and results in sugar phosphates that may be metabolized immediately. On the contrary, carbohydrates that are internalized in non-phosphorylated form independently from the PTS need phosphorylation by kinases prior to metabolism. We will in the following refer to the proteins res ...
Host Pathogen Interaction at the Plant Cell Wall
... (PRRs) (Boller and Felix, 2009). PAMPs are typically essential components of whole classes of pathogens, such as bacterial flagellin or fungal chitin. Plants also respond to endogenous molecules released by pathogen invasion, such as cell wall or cuticular fragments called danger-associated molecula ...
... (PRRs) (Boller and Felix, 2009). PAMPs are typically essential components of whole classes of pathogens, such as bacterial flagellin or fungal chitin. Plants also respond to endogenous molecules released by pathogen invasion, such as cell wall or cuticular fragments called danger-associated molecula ...
Peptide microarrays for detailed, high-throughput
... reagent consumption were reduced considerably. PKA was shown to phosphorylate many peptides containing known PKA phosphorylation sites as well as some new substrates. Data in table 1 shows that staurosporine is a full ATP competitive inhibitor whereas AMP-PNP has a different inhibition mechanism. ...
... reagent consumption were reduced considerably. PKA was shown to phosphorylate many peptides containing known PKA phosphorylation sites as well as some new substrates. Data in table 1 shows that staurosporine is a full ATP competitive inhibitor whereas AMP-PNP has a different inhibition mechanism. ...
Electrophilic Affibodies Forming Covalent Bonds to Protein Targets*DS
... Affinity-matured antibodies generally have micromolar to nanomolar monovalent affinity for their target (9). It has proved very difficult to generate antibodies of subnanomolar monovalent affinity. This may be because of a limit to the affinity of antibodies that can be selected in an immunized anim ...
... Affinity-matured antibodies generally have micromolar to nanomolar monovalent affinity for their target (9). It has proved very difficult to generate antibodies of subnanomolar monovalent affinity. This may be because of a limit to the affinity of antibodies that can be selected in an immunized anim ...
LIPID-TRANSFER PROTEINS IN PLANTS
... molecular mass varying from 11 to 33 kDa and that transfer either specifically PC, or preferentially PI (phosphatidylinositol) (PI-TP) or nonspecific (nsLTP) (123). Yeasts contain 35-kDa proteins transferring preferentially PI (37). The major part of the lipid transfer activity of protein extracts f ...
... molecular mass varying from 11 to 33 kDa and that transfer either specifically PC, or preferentially PI (phosphatidylinositol) (PI-TP) or nonspecific (nsLTP) (123). Yeasts contain 35-kDa proteins transferring preferentially PI (37). The major part of the lipid transfer activity of protein extracts f ...
Master proper.docx - BORA
... suppress immunity; whereas “Natural Killer” T cells (not to be confused with NK cells) act in a similar way to cytotoxic T cells but are part of the innate response and do not adapt in response to an antigen or infection. The largest groups of T cells are made up of the “Helper” T-cells or CD4+ T ce ...
... suppress immunity; whereas “Natural Killer” T cells (not to be confused with NK cells) act in a similar way to cytotoxic T cells but are part of the innate response and do not adapt in response to an antigen or infection. The largest groups of T cells are made up of the “Helper” T-cells or CD4+ T ce ...
FM Dyes Label Sterol-Rich Plasma Membrane
... peripheral cytoplasm of live (Fig. 1P) and fixed cells (Supplementary Fig. S1C) which had a similar size and distribution to those of the FM patches. Double staining with FM1-43 and filipin revealed that both dyes labeled the same areas (Fig. 1O, P). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ...
... peripheral cytoplasm of live (Fig. 1P) and fixed cells (Supplementary Fig. S1C) which had a similar size and distribution to those of the FM patches. Double staining with FM1-43 and filipin revealed that both dyes labeled the same areas (Fig. 1O, P). Taken together, these data strongly suggest that ...
Roles of phosphatidate phosphatase enzymes in lipid metabolism
... [14] (see later). The PAP enzymes are also involved in lipid signaling in mammalian cells as part of the phospholipase D and PAP pathway, where they generate DAG for the activation of protein kinase C [15–17]. In addition, PAP activity can attenuate the bioactive functions of PtdOH, which include pr ...
... [14] (see later). The PAP enzymes are also involved in lipid signaling in mammalian cells as part of the phospholipase D and PAP pathway, where they generate DAG for the activation of protein kinase C [15–17]. In addition, PAP activity can attenuate the bioactive functions of PtdOH, which include pr ...
Role of - Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
... receptor for Mycobacterium leprae, the causative organism of leprosy. Mycobacterium leprae specifically bound to a-DG only in the presence of the G domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. lep ...
... receptor for Mycobacterium leprae, the causative organism of leprosy. Mycobacterium leprae specifically bound to a-DG only in the presence of the G domain of the a2 chain of laminin-2. Native a-DG competitively inhibited the laminin-2–mediated M. leprae binding to primary Schwann cells. Thus, M. lep ...
Outline - Utexas
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... Krebs cycle and electron transport Electron transport systems and ATP synthases are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.