Secondary Antibody Responses Immune Complex
... IgG (p = 0.48) and IgM (p = 0.208) Ag-specific plasma cell responses compared with wild type control animals, confirming our previous results with CVF-mediated depletion of C3. These data suggest that complement plays a minimal role in the generation of secondary Ab responses. Mice that lack the sig ...
... IgG (p = 0.48) and IgM (p = 0.208) Ag-specific plasma cell responses compared with wild type control animals, confirming our previous results with CVF-mediated depletion of C3. These data suggest that complement plays a minimal role in the generation of secondary Ab responses. Mice that lack the sig ...
The Mechanosensitive TRPV4 Ion Channel
... • Critical to lung host defense and lung injury, repair, and fibrosis • Requires orchestration of macrophage surface receptors, the particle itself, and extracellular matrix ...
... • Critical to lung host defense and lung injury, repair, and fibrosis • Requires orchestration of macrophage surface receptors, the particle itself, and extracellular matrix ...
Cell dynamics of folding in two
... energies Bij of Dinner et al. [18] (see their Table I, upper right) — these were obtained as independent random values with a Gaussian distribution of zero mean and unit dispersion (thus defining the unit of temperature). These interaction energies are also shown in Table 1 of this paper and are mer ...
... energies Bij of Dinner et al. [18] (see their Table I, upper right) — these were obtained as independent random values with a Gaussian distribution of zero mean and unit dispersion (thus defining the unit of temperature). These interaction energies are also shown in Table 1 of this paper and are mer ...
PDF
... the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their similar regulatory logic, however, the stomatal bHLH transcription factors provide a powerful outgroup with which to test functions and capabilities of the bHLH transcription factors in general. Inter- and intracellular signaling Stomata are distribut ...
... the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their similar regulatory logic, however, the stomatal bHLH transcription factors provide a powerful outgroup with which to test functions and capabilities of the bHLH transcription factors in general. Inter- and intracellular signaling Stomata are distribut ...
bacteriophage - Micro-Rao
... ¾ T-even phages such as T2, T4 and T6 that infect E.coli ¾ Temperate phages such as lambda and mu ¾ Spherical phages with single stranded DNA such as PhiX174 ¾ Filamentous phages with single stranded DNA such as M13 ¾ RNA phages such as Qbeta Composition: Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid c ...
... ¾ T-even phages such as T2, T4 and T6 that infect E.coli ¾ Temperate phages such as lambda and mu ¾ Spherical phages with single stranded DNA such as PhiX174 ¾ Filamentous phages with single stranded DNA such as M13 ¾ RNA phages such as Qbeta Composition: Depending upon the phage, the nucleic acid c ...
Chapter 21: Molecules of Life - Follow “Ironmtn.wordpress.com”
... 47. Calculate the number of proteins you can make from the amino acids found in living systems, if each protein is five amino acids long. What does this calculation have to do with diversity? Ans: 20 X 20 X 20 X 20 X 20 =3,200,000 = 3.2 X 106 Twenty represents the number of distinct amino acids avai ...
... 47. Calculate the number of proteins you can make from the amino acids found in living systems, if each protein is five amino acids long. What does this calculation have to do with diversity? Ans: 20 X 20 X 20 X 20 X 20 =3,200,000 = 3.2 X 106 Twenty represents the number of distinct amino acids avai ...
Action Potential Transfer in Cell Pairs Isolated From Adult Rat and
... brought about via voltage- and time-dependent inward currents; the sink factors include passive electrical properties and the topology of cell arrangements (e.g., see Fozzard1)- A change in each of these parameters is expected to modify the conduction velocity in the heart. In fact, the influence of ...
... brought about via voltage- and time-dependent inward currents; the sink factors include passive electrical properties and the topology of cell arrangements (e.g., see Fozzard1)- A change in each of these parameters is expected to modify the conduction velocity in the heart. In fact, the influence of ...
Chapter 18 Gene Expression
... binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase • The repressor is the product of a separate regulatory gene ...
... binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase • The repressor is the product of a separate regulatory gene ...
Amphioxus Evx Genes: Implications for the Evolution of the Midbrain–Hindbrain
... insects (Patel et al., 1992). In vertebrates there are two Evx genes (Evx1 and 2), which arose from a single ancestral gene via gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution. There are four major sites of action of these genes during vertebrate development; gastrulation (Evx1), CNS, tailbud and li ...
... insects (Patel et al., 1992). In vertebrates there are two Evx genes (Evx1 and 2), which arose from a single ancestral gene via gene duplications in early vertebrate evolution. There are four major sites of action of these genes during vertebrate development; gastrulation (Evx1), CNS, tailbud and li ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase • The repressor is the product of a separate regulatory gene ...
... binding to the operator and blocking RNA polymerase • The repressor is the product of a separate regulatory gene ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their similar regulatory logic, however, the stomatal bHLH transcription factors provide a powerful outgroup with which to test functions and capabilities of the bHLH transcription factors in general. Inter- and intracellular signaling Stomata are distribut ...
... the myogenic and neurogenic factors. Given their similar regulatory logic, however, the stomatal bHLH transcription factors provide a powerful outgroup with which to test functions and capabilities of the bHLH transcription factors in general. Inter- and intracellular signaling Stomata are distribut ...
Diversity of Class I HLA Molecules: Functional and
... In the past 5 years, the nature of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins, as well as the mechanism by which they restrict antigen recognition by T lymphocytes, has been clarified. These molecules bind peptides within intracellular membrane compartments, forming complexes that are then ...
... In the past 5 years, the nature of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) glycoproteins, as well as the mechanism by which they restrict antigen recognition by T lymphocytes, has been clarified. These molecules bind peptides within intracellular membrane compartments, forming complexes that are then ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization Induced by
... experiments employing combined voltage clamping, continuous measurement of extracellular pH, we examined whether plasma membrane H1-ATPases could also be involved in the depolarization. We found that ABA causes simultaneously cell depolarization and medium alkalinization, the second effect being abo ...
... experiments employing combined voltage clamping, continuous measurement of extracellular pH, we examined whether plasma membrane H1-ATPases could also be involved in the depolarization. We found that ABA causes simultaneously cell depolarization and medium alkalinization, the second effect being abo ...
The identification of mature and immature leucocytes in
... morula of Human Monocytic Ehrlichia ! Single Ehrlichia are often seen in the cytoplasm of leukaemia cells inoculated with Ehrlichia, see CDC, Google. Tick bites are very common. New facts are that Ehrlichia species are found in ticks all over the world and that most Ehrlichia infections probably go ...
... morula of Human Monocytic Ehrlichia ! Single Ehrlichia are often seen in the cytoplasm of leukaemia cells inoculated with Ehrlichia, see CDC, Google. Tick bites are very common. New facts are that Ehrlichia species are found in ticks all over the world and that most Ehrlichia infections probably go ...
Universal strategies in research and drug discovery based on protein
... represented on the left, and the interactions between the pathway enzymes are depicted on the right. Perturbation of one enzyme (B4) with, for example, a drug, changes the interactions of other enzymes coupled to B4 (B6:B7). This way it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same bioc ...
... represented on the left, and the interactions between the pathway enzymes are depicted on the right. Perturbation of one enzyme (B4) with, for example, a drug, changes the interactions of other enzymes coupled to B4 (B6:B7). This way it can be inferred that these enzymes have a role in the same bioc ...
Towards a unifying model for the metaphase
... sequences does not seem to be important for their function: isochromosomes act as normal. Other structural sequences do not seem to be necessary either, as various rearrangements also behave normally during division. If those exist, it is most likely that multiple copies are distributed over the len ...
... sequences does not seem to be important for their function: isochromosomes act as normal. Other structural sequences do not seem to be necessary either, as various rearrangements also behave normally during division. If those exist, it is most likely that multiple copies are distributed over the len ...
Lipid metabolism disorders
... when sterol levels are low, SREBP-2 is released by cleavage of a membrane-bound precursor protein, SREBP-2 activates transcription of genes for HMG-CoA Reductase and other enzymes of the pathway for cholesterol synthesis → activated SREBPs enter the nucleus and turn on the expression of genes that ...
... when sterol levels are low, SREBP-2 is released by cleavage of a membrane-bound precursor protein, SREBP-2 activates transcription of genes for HMG-CoA Reductase and other enzymes of the pathway for cholesterol synthesis → activated SREBPs enter the nucleus and turn on the expression of genes that ...
RNA nuclear export is blocked by poliovirus 2A protease and is
... of control cells was -actin, whereas IL-2 mRNA was not detected (supplementary material Fig. S1E). Steady-state levels of IL-6, cmyc and p53 mRNAs increased in cells electroporated with IRES2A mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1A). Probably, the presence of PV 2Apro induced a host gene response ...
... of control cells was -actin, whereas IL-2 mRNA was not detected (supplementary material Fig. S1E). Steady-state levels of IL-6, cmyc and p53 mRNAs increased in cells electroporated with IRES2A mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1A). Probably, the presence of PV 2Apro induced a host gene response ...
Expression of Nuclear Lamin A and Muscle
... considerable changes in the expression of muscle-specific contractile proteins (Nadal-Ginard, 1978; Coleman and Coleman, 1968). The transcriptional activations of a number of muscle-specific genes are developmentally and coordinately regulated (Paterson and Bishop, 1977; Devlin and Emerson, 1978, 19 ...
... considerable changes in the expression of muscle-specific contractile proteins (Nadal-Ginard, 1978; Coleman and Coleman, 1968). The transcriptional activations of a number of muscle-specific genes are developmentally and coordinately regulated (Paterson and Bishop, 1977; Devlin and Emerson, 1978, 19 ...
She2p Is a Novel RNA Binding Protein
... (Holm and Sander, 1998) revealed no detectable similarity to known nucleic acid binding proteins. Instead, the ␣ helix core of She2p bears some resemblance to the central domain of fumarase/aspartase homologous superfamily members (CATH-ID, 1.20.200.10), including fumarase C (PDB ID, 1fur-A; Z score ...
... (Holm and Sander, 1998) revealed no detectable similarity to known nucleic acid binding proteins. Instead, the ␣ helix core of She2p bears some resemblance to the central domain of fumarase/aspartase homologous superfamily members (CATH-ID, 1.20.200.10), including fumarase C (PDB ID, 1fur-A; Z score ...
Nervous System - WordPress.com
... c) declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d) results in transient reversal of the concentration (?electrical) gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e) is not associated with any net movement of Na+ of K+ across the cell membrane ...
... c) declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d) results in transient reversal of the concentration (?electrical) gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e) is not associated with any net movement of Na+ of K+ across the cell membrane ...
Analysis of the paralysed trypanosome mutant snl-1
... epitope-tagged (Bastin et al., 1996b) to discriminate its products from those of the endogenous PFRA genes. As control, the same vector was used but with an epitope-tagged γ-tubulin gene instead of the PFRA gene. When the pPFRATAG430 plasmid was transfected in snl-1, the transformants expressed the ...
... epitope-tagged (Bastin et al., 1996b) to discriminate its products from those of the endogenous PFRA genes. As control, the same vector was used but with an epitope-tagged γ-tubulin gene instead of the PFRA gene. When the pPFRATAG430 plasmid was transfected in snl-1, the transformants expressed the ...
Stochastic Diffusion of Calcium Ions through a Nanopore
... From the ionic concentrations listed in Table 1 we obtained the average number of calcium ions in the interest regions around the nanopore: about 430 ions in the extracellular medium and between 0 and 1 ion in the intracellular medium. The initial position of each ion was sampled from a Gaussian wit ...
... From the ionic concentrations listed in Table 1 we obtained the average number of calcium ions in the interest regions around the nanopore: about 430 ions in the extracellular medium and between 0 and 1 ion in the intracellular medium. The initial position of each ion was sampled from a Gaussian wit ...
Surface Sialic Acids Taken from the Host Allow Trypanosome
... that procyclic trypanosomes completely lacking all procyclin genes express free GPI on their surface (24). Lillico et al. reported that some of the nonprotein-linked GPIs are on the surface of the GPI8KO (17). We found that GPI10KO as well as GPI8KO trypanosomes express abundant nonprotein-linked GP ...
... that procyclic trypanosomes completely lacking all procyclin genes express free GPI on their surface (24). Lillico et al. reported that some of the nonprotein-linked GPIs are on the surface of the GPI8KO (17). We found that GPI10KO as well as GPI8KO trypanosomes express abundant nonprotein-linked GP ...
The Localization and Secretion of a Proteolytic
... enzymes with characteristics which are consistent with their presumed ecological role. The production of extracellular proteases was inducible by protein and repressible by amino acids. This is clearly an advantage to the fungus in vivu and the endopeptidase activity of the enzyme complex is compati ...
... enzymes with characteristics which are consistent with their presumed ecological role. The production of extracellular proteases was inducible by protein and repressible by amino acids. This is clearly an advantage to the fungus in vivu and the endopeptidase activity of the enzyme complex is compati ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.