Role of basic character of α-sarcin`s NH2-terminal β
... of any known protein receptor [1,2]. These toxic proteins cleave just a single phosphodiester bond of the large rRNA fragment, located at an evolutionarily conserved loop with important roles in ribosome function [3-5]. This cleavage inhibits protein biosynthesis, leading to cell death by apoptosis ...
... of any known protein receptor [1,2]. These toxic proteins cleave just a single phosphodiester bond of the large rRNA fragment, located at an evolutionarily conserved loop with important roles in ribosome function [3-5]. This cleavage inhibits protein biosynthesis, leading to cell death by apoptosis ...
Signaling tip growth in plants Zhenbiao Yang
... establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intracellular Ca2+ accumulation when arrested pollen tubes resume growth [22,26]. Further, anti-Rop antibody-induced gro ...
... establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intracellular Ca2+ accumulation when arrested pollen tubes resume growth [22,26]. Further, anti-Rop antibody-induced gro ...
Megf10 regulates the progression of the satellite cell myogenic
... Figure 2. Megf10 is expressed in quiescent and activated satellite cells. (A) Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of tibialis anterior muscles from 2-mo-old mice revealed that Megf10 was coexpressed with syndecan 4 in resting skeletal muscle. Arrowheads point to double-positive cells. Bar, 10 μm ...
... Figure 2. Megf10 is expressed in quiescent and activated satellite cells. (A) Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of tibialis anterior muscles from 2-mo-old mice revealed that Megf10 was coexpressed with syndecan 4 in resting skeletal muscle. Arrowheads point to double-positive cells. Bar, 10 μm ...
NIH Public Access
... 5-HT1A from raphe neurons leads to heterogeneous, region-specific effects on both basal 5HT levels, and fluoxetine-induced 5-HT release [20,21]. For example, whole life knock-out of the 5-HT1A autoreceptors increases basal 5-HT in the frontal cortex but not the ventral hippocampus [21]. More subtle ...
... 5-HT1A from raphe neurons leads to heterogeneous, region-specific effects on both basal 5HT levels, and fluoxetine-induced 5-HT release [20,21]. For example, whole life knock-out of the 5-HT1A autoreceptors increases basal 5-HT in the frontal cortex but not the ventral hippocampus [21]. More subtle ...
Efficient gene delivery to the adult and fetal CNS using
... DNA into sensitive areas of the host genome in large animals and humans.1–3 However, recent studies have also identified this risk using lentiviruses.4 Non-integrating lentiviruses (NILVs) have been developed by introducing class 1 mutations into the integrase gene, and may obviate some of these dif ...
... DNA into sensitive areas of the host genome in large animals and humans.1–3 However, recent studies have also identified this risk using lentiviruses.4 Non-integrating lentiviruses (NILVs) have been developed by introducing class 1 mutations into the integrase gene, and may obviate some of these dif ...
Complement Components are produced by: Liver hepatocytes
... Complement consists of a complex series of over 30 soluble & cell-bound Proteins. Many of which are enzymes (proenzyme/zymogen-proteinases). ...
... Complement consists of a complex series of over 30 soluble & cell-bound Proteins. Many of which are enzymes (proenzyme/zymogen-proteinases). ...
Early signaling events that underlie fate decisions of naive CD4 T
... Summary: CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells are a major cell population that play an important role in governing acquired immune responses to a variety of foreign antigens as well as inducing some types of autoimmune diseases. There are at least four distinct Th cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and inducible T-r ...
... Summary: CD4+ T-helper (Th) cells are a major cell population that play an important role in governing acquired immune responses to a variety of foreign antigens as well as inducing some types of autoimmune diseases. There are at least four distinct Th cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, and inducible T-r ...
Bell Work: What is the fundamental unit of life?
... diameter, built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits The structural role of microfilaments is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell They form a 3-D network called the cortex just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape Bundles of microfilaments make up ...
... diameter, built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits The structural role of microfilaments is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell They form a 3-D network called the cortex just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape Bundles of microfilaments make up ...
J Exp Med. 2009 Aug 31;206(9):1899-911. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
... type I IFNs and known type I IFN-inducible genes dominated the transcriptional response, but other genes (e.g., Il6, Cd86, and Cxcl9) were also strongly induced (Fig. 1 F and Table S1). Although the transcriptional profiles of cells stimulated with c-di-GMP and DNA were highly similar, a small numbe ...
... type I IFNs and known type I IFN-inducible genes dominated the transcriptional response, but other genes (e.g., Il6, Cd86, and Cxcl9) were also strongly induced (Fig. 1 F and Table S1). Although the transcriptional profiles of cells stimulated with c-di-GMP and DNA were highly similar, a small numbe ...
"Touch". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... resulting inward current through these channels produces a local depolarisation of the nerve or receptor cell called the receptor potential. The amplitude of the receptor potential is proportional to the amount of pressure exerted by the object and how fast it is applied. Removal of the pressure sti ...
... resulting inward current through these channels produces a local depolarisation of the nerve or receptor cell called the receptor potential. The amplitude of the receptor potential is proportional to the amount of pressure exerted by the object and how fast it is applied. Removal of the pressure sti ...
May 11, 04copy.doc
... lasting disinhibition in neurons of deprived barrel columns, such as the increase spontaneous activity, and the decrease in preference for an angle of whisker deflection (Simons and Land, 1987). This respecification of receptive fields can also be mapped using markers for neuronal activity such as 2 ...
... lasting disinhibition in neurons of deprived barrel columns, such as the increase spontaneous activity, and the decrease in preference for an angle of whisker deflection (Simons and Land, 1987). This respecification of receptive fields can also be mapped using markers for neuronal activity such as 2 ...
Collagen XV: Exploring Its Structure and Role within the Tumor
... is lost before metastasis, this could facilitate the binding of these receptors to collagen I with subsequent upregulation of N-cadherin. In this context, there is already substantial evidence for cross-talk between RTKs, integrins, and E-cadherin (43, 46), and the vital role of these interactions i ...
... is lost before metastasis, this could facilitate the binding of these receptors to collagen I with subsequent upregulation of N-cadherin. In this context, there is already substantial evidence for cross-talk between RTKs, integrins, and E-cadherin (43, 46), and the vital role of these interactions i ...
Molecular paleontology and complexity in the last eukaryotic
... Figure 2. Possible scenarios for the FECA to LECA transition. The top schema depicts the periods of prokaryotic (blue) and eukaryotic (red) evolution, separated by a transition period, which is expanded for clarity. Relative distances on the x-axis are arbitrary, and note that the earliest times sho ...
... Figure 2. Possible scenarios for the FECA to LECA transition. The top schema depicts the periods of prokaryotic (blue) and eukaryotic (red) evolution, separated by a transition period, which is expanded for clarity. Relative distances on the x-axis are arbitrary, and note that the earliest times sho ...
From neuroanatomy to behavior: central integration of peripheral
... of glucose and energy homeostasis4,35,50–54. Not surprisingly, investigators have been intrigued by insulin action in the hypothalamus and interested in further examining the melanocortin circuit to better delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the central control of energy and ...
... of glucose and energy homeostasis4,35,50–54. Not surprisingly, investigators have been intrigued by insulin action in the hypothalamus and interested in further examining the melanocortin circuit to better delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the central control of energy and ...
Heme, Myoglobin, Hemoglobin
... heme oxygenase forming biliverdin and releasing iron. The iron can be transferred to apotransferrin (the iron transport protein) in plasma or can be stored within cells as ferritin (i.e. the iron is bound to the storage protein, apoferritin). The remaining porphyrin ring (biliverdin) is degraded to ...
... heme oxygenase forming biliverdin and releasing iron. The iron can be transferred to apotransferrin (the iron transport protein) in plasma or can be stored within cells as ferritin (i.e. the iron is bound to the storage protein, apoferritin). The remaining porphyrin ring (biliverdin) is degraded to ...
Specific vasopressin binding to rat adrenal glomerulosa cells
... increases the concentration of InsP, InsP2 and InsP3 in adrenal cells in primary culture. We therefore decided to compare the dose-dependency for vasopressin binding to glomerulosa cells with that of the vasopressin-induced increase in InsP, InsP2 and InsP3 intracellular concentrations; the results ...
... increases the concentration of InsP, InsP2 and InsP3 in adrenal cells in primary culture. We therefore decided to compare the dose-dependency for vasopressin binding to glomerulosa cells with that of the vasopressin-induced increase in InsP, InsP2 and InsP3 intracellular concentrations; the results ...
6.cellandnucleardivision
... daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. The mechanism is not fully understood, but proteins may anchor the daughter chromosomes to specific sites on the plasma membrane. (b) Dinoflagellates. In unicellular protists called dinoflagellates, the nuclear envelope remains intact during ce ...
... daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell. The mechanism is not fully understood, but proteins may anchor the daughter chromosomes to specific sites on the plasma membrane. (b) Dinoflagellates. In unicellular protists called dinoflagellates, the nuclear envelope remains intact during ce ...
Optogenetics Review1 - Department Of Biological Sciences
... electrical stimulation methods: finer spatiotemporal resolution and parallel stimulations at multiple sites (Callaway €ck 2004). These methods are & Yuste 2002; Miesenbo also less harmful and more convenient than electrical stimulation methods. Another breakthrough combined optical stimulation with ...
... electrical stimulation methods: finer spatiotemporal resolution and parallel stimulations at multiple sites (Callaway €ck 2004). These methods are & Yuste 2002; Miesenbo also less harmful and more convenient than electrical stimulation methods. Another breakthrough combined optical stimulation with ...
The Submicroscopic Structure of the Drosophila Egg
... (Fig. 1). (All figure numbers refer to the Plates.) The remainder of the nucleus appears considerably lighter than the cytoplasm. The membrane does not show any clear signs of doubleness, but bears a series of pores of about 650 A diameter (Figs. 4,19). The oocyte nucleus retains this appearance thr ...
... (Fig. 1). (All figure numbers refer to the Plates.) The remainder of the nucleus appears considerably lighter than the cytoplasm. The membrane does not show any clear signs of doubleness, but bears a series of pores of about 650 A diameter (Figs. 4,19). The oocyte nucleus retains this appearance thr ...
CN Theveneau
... with ectodermal placodes, they also contribute to neurones of the ciliary (CN III/oculomotor), trigeminal (CN V/ trigeminal), and vestibular (CN VIII/vestibulocochlear) ganglia. Distal ganglia of the CN VII (geniculate), IX (petrosal), and X (nodose) as well as the acoustic ganglion contain neurones ...
... with ectodermal placodes, they also contribute to neurones of the ciliary (CN III/oculomotor), trigeminal (CN V/ trigeminal), and vestibular (CN VIII/vestibulocochlear) ganglia. Distal ganglia of the CN VII (geniculate), IX (petrosal), and X (nodose) as well as the acoustic ganglion contain neurones ...
Cholesterol and Heart Disease
... – If reduce drastically, you only get a 10% reduction in -/- patients • Your body is more efficient at using cholesterol • Your liver produces more when the level decreases ...
... – If reduce drastically, you only get a 10% reduction in -/- patients • Your body is more efficient at using cholesterol • Your liver produces more when the level decreases ...
The auditory pathway: Levels of integration of information and
... the hair cells and neurons of the CAP to selectively respond to the frequency of an acoustic stimulus. It is an auditory capability that is fundamental to the reception of all sounds, including language. The representation of the sensory stimulus entails a complex analysis of the neural responses th ...
... the hair cells and neurons of the CAP to selectively respond to the frequency of an acoustic stimulus. It is an auditory capability that is fundamental to the reception of all sounds, including language. The representation of the sensory stimulus entails a complex analysis of the neural responses th ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.