RNA nuclear export is blocked by poliovirus 2A protease and is
... of control cells was -actin, whereas IL-2 mRNA was not detected (supplementary material Fig. S1E). Steady-state levels of IL-6, cmyc and p53 mRNAs increased in cells electroporated with IRES2A mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1A). Probably, the presence of PV 2Apro induced a host gene response ...
... of control cells was -actin, whereas IL-2 mRNA was not detected (supplementary material Fig. S1E). Steady-state levels of IL-6, cmyc and p53 mRNAs increased in cells electroporated with IRES2A mRNA in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1A). Probably, the presence of PV 2Apro induced a host gene response ...
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A
... MCOLN1 activity, we analysed whether the N- and C-terminal tails of MCOLN1 are modified by phosphorylation. The soluble N-terminal tail [GST–MCOLN1-NTail (where NTail is the Nterminal tail), residues 1–66] and the C-terminal tail (GST– MCOLN1-CTail, residues 518–580) proteins were synthesized in bac ...
... MCOLN1 activity, we analysed whether the N- and C-terminal tails of MCOLN1 are modified by phosphorylation. The soluble N-terminal tail [GST–MCOLN1-NTail (where NTail is the Nterminal tail), residues 1–66] and the C-terminal tail (GST– MCOLN1-CTail, residues 518–580) proteins were synthesized in bac ...
Cofradionation of HeLa Cell Replication Proteins With Ors
... tein, the SV40 large T-Antigen (T-Ag), is required for viral DNA replication, with all the other necessary factors being supplied by the host cell. This in vitro system has proven to be useful in the biochemical analysis of the proteins involved in the replication process. Fractionation of human cel ...
... tein, the SV40 large T-Antigen (T-Ag), is required for viral DNA replication, with all the other necessary factors being supplied by the host cell. This in vitro system has proven to be useful in the biochemical analysis of the proteins involved in the replication process. Fractionation of human cel ...
Identification and Characterization of Two Temperature
... AdiS protein is expressed on the streptococcal surface in association with the capsular polysaccharides but is not coexpressed with them. The major ecological niche harbored by S. suis is the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract in pigs (12, 19). Critical events in the development of disease ar ...
... AdiS protein is expressed on the streptococcal surface in association with the capsular polysaccharides but is not coexpressed with them. The major ecological niche harbored by S. suis is the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract in pigs (12, 19). Critical events in the development of disease ar ...
Rewiring the retinal ganglion cell gene regulatory
... defined by conventional cell lineage tracing experiments (reviewed by Mu and Klein, 2004; Mu and Klein, 2008). The bHLH genes Math5, Mash1 (Ascl1 – Mouse Genome Informatics), Math3 (Neurod4 – Mouse Genome Informatics) and Neurod1 are expressed in the developing retina at overlapping times but in lar ...
... defined by conventional cell lineage tracing experiments (reviewed by Mu and Klein, 2004; Mu and Klein, 2008). The bHLH genes Math5, Mash1 (Ascl1 – Mouse Genome Informatics), Math3 (Neurod4 – Mouse Genome Informatics) and Neurod1 are expressed in the developing retina at overlapping times but in lar ...
1 Introduction - diss.fu
... All ribosomes are composed of two subunits of unequal size. In case of bacterial ribosome the sedimentation constant is 70S, which can be dissociate into a large 50S subunit and a small 30S subunit. Each of ribosomal subunit is a ribonucleoprotein complex. The 50S subunit contains both a 5S and a 23 ...
... All ribosomes are composed of two subunits of unequal size. In case of bacterial ribosome the sedimentation constant is 70S, which can be dissociate into a large 50S subunit and a small 30S subunit. Each of ribosomal subunit is a ribonucleoprotein complex. The 50S subunit contains both a 5S and a 23 ...
Hedgehog and Dpp signaling induce cadherin Cad86C expression
... Fig. 2 – Cad86C is expressed in cells of the leading flank of the morphogenetic furrow and localizes to the subapical region. (A) A control eye imaginal disc hybridized with a Cad86C-specific RNA probe. A hybridization signal is detected in the region of the morphogenetic furrow. (B) An eye imaginal ...
... Fig. 2 – Cad86C is expressed in cells of the leading flank of the morphogenetic furrow and localizes to the subapical region. (A) A control eye imaginal disc hybridized with a Cad86C-specific RNA probe. A hybridization signal is detected in the region of the morphogenetic furrow. (B) An eye imaginal ...
A matter of size: developmental control of organ size in plants
... evolutionary and developmental means for controlling cell and organ size The importance of genetic mechanisms in controlling the size of plants, plant organs and plant cells can be seen in the effect of polyploidy. Plant cell size is correlated with nuclear size, and thus with genome size [4•]. This ...
... evolutionary and developmental means for controlling cell and organ size The importance of genetic mechanisms in controlling the size of plants, plant organs and plant cells can be seen in the effect of polyploidy. Plant cell size is correlated with nuclear size, and thus with genome size [4•]. This ...
Complex objects are represented in macaque inferotemporal cortex
... (b) Representative PSTHs showing the extracellular activity elicited by three different stimuli, recorded at the sites indicated at the top of each column. Each row gives the PSTHs obtained by the stimuli shown at the left. Horizontal scale bars (black), one-second periods of visual stimulation. (c) ...
... (b) Representative PSTHs showing the extracellular activity elicited by three different stimuli, recorded at the sites indicated at the top of each column. Each row gives the PSTHs obtained by the stimuli shown at the left. Horizontal scale bars (black), one-second periods of visual stimulation. (c) ...
2.8 review - Peoria Public Schools
... Topic 2.8 Cellular Respiration Review **Review all the “understanding” statements at the beginning of each section. Key facts ...
... Topic 2.8 Cellular Respiration Review **Review all the “understanding” statements at the beginning of each section. Key facts ...
Evidence for topographically organized endogenous 5‐HT‐1A
... which in some respects can be more difficult to study than excitatory neurotransmission. However, the results are subject to certain methodological limitations. First, the appearance of immediate early genes such as the Fos gene indicates activation of biochemical pathways leading to protein expressi ...
... which in some respects can be more difficult to study than excitatory neurotransmission. However, the results are subject to certain methodological limitations. First, the appearance of immediate early genes such as the Fos gene indicates activation of biochemical pathways leading to protein expressi ...
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Formation at ER Exit Sites
... the sequestration of PtdIns4P (not shown). Therefore, we analyzed whether Sar1 recruitment can affect PtdIns4P levels. Sar1 binding and activation is specific for ER membranes (Figure 6A). We nevertheless fractionated rat liver to enrich for ERES (Figure S2) and reduce the signal derived from lipid ...
... the sequestration of PtdIns4P (not shown). Therefore, we analyzed whether Sar1 recruitment can affect PtdIns4P levels. Sar1 binding and activation is specific for ER membranes (Figure 6A). We nevertheless fractionated rat liver to enrich for ERES (Figure S2) and reduce the signal derived from lipid ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
... a particular threshold, triggers cell growth. In each of the above cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal ...
... a particular threshold, triggers cell growth. In each of the above cases, growth and cell division are regulated such that when a cell enters mitosis it has achieved the appropriate size. These mechanisms are not all mutually exclusive. For example, models one and three could co-exist if the signal ...
Unit F214/01 - Communication, homeostasis and energy
... State the term used to describe what is happening at each of the points X, Y and Z on Fig. 1.2. X ........................................................................................................................................ Y ............................................................... ...
... State the term used to describe what is happening at each of the points X, Y and Z on Fig. 1.2. X ........................................................................................................................................ Y ............................................................... ...
Plant Cell
... PsUGT1, which encodes a microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, was cloned from root tips of Pisum sativum. PsUGT1 expression is correlated with mitosis and strongly induced in dividing cells. A region at the C terminus of the encoded protein is closely related to the UDP–glucuronic acid binding sit ...
... PsUGT1, which encodes a microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, was cloned from root tips of Pisum sativum. PsUGT1 expression is correlated with mitosis and strongly induced in dividing cells. A region at the C terminus of the encoded protein is closely related to the UDP–glucuronic acid binding sit ...
A Gain-of-Function Suppressor Screen for Genes
... the activity of the Ap protein is reduced in a Bx1 background, its target genes are not expressed at appropriate levels, and the activation of Notch at the DV boundary and the formation of the adult wing margin are compromised (Figure 2B). Activation of the Notch signaling pathway by means of a gain ...
... the activity of the Ap protein is reduced in a Bx1 background, its target genes are not expressed at appropriate levels, and the activation of Notch at the DV boundary and the formation of the adult wing margin are compromised (Figure 2B). Activation of the Notch signaling pathway by means of a gain ...
06 Auxin - goldsword.com
... Animals – endocrine only Plants – both endocrine and paracrine hormones ...
... Animals – endocrine only Plants – both endocrine and paracrine hormones ...
Role of Water Mediated Interactions in Protein
... however. One reason for this is that water takes on numerous different roles. Among other roles, water participates in many specific interactions, screens efficiently Coulombic interactions, mediates proton transfer,3 and even is used as a structural component in protein secondary structure.4 When t ...
... however. One reason for this is that water takes on numerous different roles. Among other roles, water participates in many specific interactions, screens efficiently Coulombic interactions, mediates proton transfer,3 and even is used as a structural component in protein secondary structure.4 When t ...
Developmental control of blood cell migration by the Drosophila VEGF pathway. Cell 108, 865-876. pdf
... also unclear how developmental migrations are coordinated with hemocyte homing toward dying cells along the migration pathway. Here, we genetically characterize four Drosophila genes encoding homologs of mammalian VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ...
... also unclear how developmental migrations are coordinated with hemocyte homing toward dying cells along the migration pathway. Here, we genetically characterize four Drosophila genes encoding homologs of mammalian VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ...
Enzyme Properties - Illinois Institute of Technology
... Most common form of PTM that affects just one amino acid at a time Generally involves phosphorylating side chains of specific polar amino acids: mostly S,T,Y,H (and D, E) Enzymes that phosphorylate proteins are protein kinases and are ATP or GTP dependent Enzymes that remove phosphates are phosphata ...
... Most common form of PTM that affects just one amino acid at a time Generally involves phosphorylating side chains of specific polar amino acids: mostly S,T,Y,H (and D, E) Enzymes that phosphorylate proteins are protein kinases and are ATP or GTP dependent Enzymes that remove phosphates are phosphata ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
Nucleic Acid AptamerssFrom Selection in Vitro to Applications in Vivo
... obtained for other aptamer/amino acid complexes (M. Yarus, personal communication). The degree of molecular discrimination achieved by aptamer/small molecule complexes can match or even surpass that of antibodies. An aptamer specific for theophyllin distinguishes it from caffeine, which differs by o ...
... obtained for other aptamer/amino acid complexes (M. Yarus, personal communication). The degree of molecular discrimination achieved by aptamer/small molecule complexes can match or even surpass that of antibodies. An aptamer specific for theophyllin distinguishes it from caffeine, which differs by o ...
Structure-activity Relationships in Flexible Protein Domains
... evaluated as inhibitors of GTP hydrolysis. The physiological role of the interaction of RhoGDI with the GTP-bound form of a GTPase remains to be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms ...
... evaluated as inhibitors of GTP hydrolysis. The physiological role of the interaction of RhoGDI with the GTP-bound form of a GTPase remains to be established. Overall, when exogenously introduced into cells the GDIs behave as negative regulators by maintaining rho GTPases as inactive cytosolic forms ...
Signaling tip growth in plants Zhenbiao Yang
... establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intracellular Ca2+ accumulation when arrested pollen tubes resume growth [22,26]. Further, anti-Rop antibody-induced gro ...
... establishment of cell polarity but also tip growth, as does CDC42 in tip-growing fission yeast [8]. The bulbous phenotype is analogous to tip swelling accompanied by non-localized intracellular Ca2+ accumulation when arrested pollen tubes resume growth [22,26]. Further, anti-Rop antibody-induced gro ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.