Article Conserved Higher-Order Chromatin Regulates NMDA Receptor Gene Expression and Cognition Neuron
... including enhancers and locus control regions which have been intensely studied in extraneural tissues such as blood for more than 30 years (Banerji et al., 1981; Li et al., 1999). These mechanisms, however, essentially remain unexplored in the context of neuronal gene expression affecting cognition ...
... including enhancers and locus control regions which have been intensely studied in extraneural tissues such as blood for more than 30 years (Banerji et al., 1981; Li et al., 1999). These mechanisms, however, essentially remain unexplored in the context of neuronal gene expression affecting cognition ...
Increased Functional Half-life of Fibroblast Growth Factor
... developmental and metabolic processes. The 22 members of the human FGF family have a conserved ~120 amino acid core, however, they exhibit significant difference in size (17-25kDa) and sequence (13-71% sequence similarity) (Itoh and Ornitz 2004, 2008). Despite of the variations, three positions are ...
... developmental and metabolic processes. The 22 members of the human FGF family have a conserved ~120 amino acid core, however, they exhibit significant difference in size (17-25kDa) and sequence (13-71% sequence similarity) (Itoh and Ornitz 2004, 2008). Despite of the variations, three positions are ...
Biology: semester one: course outline
... List the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and function of each component. Understand means of intracellular digestion by lysosomes. Understand the roles of vacuoles. Be able to explain the energy conversions carried out by mitochondria and chloroplasts. Describe the ...
... List the components of the endomembrane system, and describe the structure and function of each component. Understand means of intracellular digestion by lysosomes. Understand the roles of vacuoles. Be able to explain the energy conversions carried out by mitochondria and chloroplasts. Describe the ...
NAC Transcription Factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
Evolutionary Novelties: How Fish Have Built a Heater Out of Muscle1
... highly organized intracellular membrane system that plays a crucial role in calcium uptake, release and storage. Several key proteins found in the SR membrane are required for cycling of calcium in and out of the SR and the particular isoform or quantity of these proteins expressed in a given muscle ...
... highly organized intracellular membrane system that plays a crucial role in calcium uptake, release and storage. Several key proteins found in the SR membrane are required for cycling of calcium in and out of the SR and the particular isoform or quantity of these proteins expressed in a given muscle ...
Detoxification of Arsenic by Phytochelatins in Plants
... ration of As into organic molecules by the formation of e.g. arsenocholine, arsenobetaine, or arsenosugars. In bacteria, a widespread tolerance mechanism for arsenate, AsVO43⫺, is based on an efflux system that exports arsenic specifically and ATP-dependently as AsIIIO2⫺ from the cell generated by c ...
... ration of As into organic molecules by the formation of e.g. arsenocholine, arsenobetaine, or arsenosugars. In bacteria, a widespread tolerance mechanism for arsenate, AsVO43⫺, is based on an efflux system that exports arsenic specifically and ATP-dependently as AsIIIO2⫺ from the cell generated by c ...
Chapter 23 Gluconeogenesis Gluconeogenesis, con`t.
... • A G protein mediates the signal between the hormone receptor and adenyl cyclase. • Its inactive form is bound to GDP and two protein subunits (β and γ) • When activated, GTP replaces the GDP, and the subunits dissociate. • It then deactivates itself by hydrolyzing the GTP. • See Fig. 15.21 and 34. ...
... • A G protein mediates the signal between the hormone receptor and adenyl cyclase. • Its inactive form is bound to GDP and two protein subunits (β and γ) • When activated, GTP replaces the GDP, and the subunits dissociate. • It then deactivates itself by hydrolyzing the GTP. • See Fig. 15.21 and 34. ...
Neuropharmacological effects of triterpenoids
... Corresponding author: parmarsachin@rediffmail.com; Tel: +919898002327; Tele-Fax: +91 2812585083 ...
... Corresponding author: parmarsachin@rediffmail.com; Tel: +919898002327; Tele-Fax: +91 2812585083 ...
Evidence that Shh cooperates with a retinoic acid inducible co
... To test for polarizing activity and to investigate the regulation of Shh expression in the limb tissue, grafts were made under a flap of apical ridge, lifted along the anterior margin of wing buds at stages 20-21. The embryos were then reincubated at 38°C for a further 4-30 hours. After incubation t ...
... To test for polarizing activity and to investigate the regulation of Shh expression in the limb tissue, grafts were made under a flap of apical ridge, lifted along the anterior margin of wing buds at stages 20-21. The embryos were then reincubated at 38°C for a further 4-30 hours. After incubation t ...
Distinct and collaborative roles of Drosophila EXT family proteins in
... together, these results suggest that both botv and sotv are segment-polarity genes, and are likely to be involved in Hh and/or Wg signalling. botv and sotv encode the Drosophila homologues of mammalian EXTL3 and EXT2, respectively, and are required for HS GAG biosynthesis botv and sotv were subseque ...
... together, these results suggest that both botv and sotv are segment-polarity genes, and are likely to be involved in Hh and/or Wg signalling. botv and sotv encode the Drosophila homologues of mammalian EXTL3 and EXT2, respectively, and are required for HS GAG biosynthesis botv and sotv were subseque ...
An inductive interaction in 4-cell stage C. elegans embryos involves
... Because APX-1 has been proposed to be a ligand for the GLP1 receptor, we wanted to compare the embryonic TSP of the apx1(zu347ts) mutant with the previously determined TSPs of glp1(ts) mutants. glp-1(ts) mutants show two TSPs during embryogenesis, one between the 4-cell and 8-cell stages (correspond ...
... Because APX-1 has been proposed to be a ligand for the GLP1 receptor, we wanted to compare the embryonic TSP of the apx1(zu347ts) mutant with the previously determined TSPs of glp1(ts) mutants. glp-1(ts) mutants show two TSPs during embryogenesis, one between the 4-cell and 8-cell stages (correspond ...
Humoral Immune Responses to Epstein-Barr virus encoded Tumor Associated Proteins and
... to protrude from the cell surface via several conserved small loop domains connecting the transmembrane helices (36). However these loop-domains have not been studied as target for humoral immune response to date. Importantly, such anti-loop antibodies may have potentially important function in targ ...
... to protrude from the cell surface via several conserved small loop domains connecting the transmembrane helices (36). However these loop-domains have not been studied as target for humoral immune response to date. Importantly, such anti-loop antibodies may have potentially important function in targ ...
Running title - White Rose Research Online
... Sub-optimal water availability is a major factor limiting plant growth and performance. The ability of plants to acclimate to such conditions through appropriate signaling is a key determinant of survival, and hence identification of the genes involved is a major interest of plant scientists (Claeys ...
... Sub-optimal water availability is a major factor limiting plant growth and performance. The ability of plants to acclimate to such conditions through appropriate signaling is a key determinant of survival, and hence identification of the genes involved is a major interest of plant scientists (Claeys ...
Development of Conjunctival Goblet Cells and Their
... METHODS. Eyes were removed from rats 9 to 60 days old, fixed, and used for microscopy. For glycoconjugate expression, sections were stained with Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff’s reagent (AB/PAS) and with the lectins Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). Goblet cell ...
... METHODS. Eyes were removed from rats 9 to 60 days old, fixed, and used for microscopy. For glycoconjugate expression, sections were stained with Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff’s reagent (AB/PAS) and with the lectins Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA). Goblet cell ...
May 30, 04copy.doc
... the deprived barrel neurons, such as higher spontaneous activity, and a decreased selectivity to respond to specific angles of whisker deflection (Simons and Land, 1987). These physiological changes remain even after allowing neonatally deprived rats to regrow their whiskers for several ...
... the deprived barrel neurons, such as higher spontaneous activity, and a decreased selectivity to respond to specific angles of whisker deflection (Simons and Land, 1987). These physiological changes remain even after allowing neonatally deprived rats to regrow their whiskers for several ...
Changes in gene expression associated with acclimation to constant
... temperatures and daily temperature cycling. Genes temperature on daily and seasonal bases. The roles played important for the maintenance of membrane integrity are by alterations in gene expression in enabling eurytherms highly responsive to temperature change. Changes in to adjust to these two temp ...
... temperatures and daily temperature cycling. Genes temperature on daily and seasonal bases. The roles played important for the maintenance of membrane integrity are by alterations in gene expression in enabling eurytherms highly responsive to temperature change. Changes in to adjust to these two temp ...
Myeloid Dendritic Cells DHX15 Senses Double
... (STING) (17). 5) Other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors including polymerase III (Pol III), Ku70, LRRFIP1, and DEXD/H-box family helicases: Pol III can function as a sensor of B-form DNA in a RIGI–dependent manner (18, 19). Ku70 can recognize viral nucleic acids to induce type III IFN (20, 21). LRRFIP ...
... (STING) (17). 5) Other cytosolic nucleic acid sensors including polymerase III (Pol III), Ku70, LRRFIP1, and DEXD/H-box family helicases: Pol III can function as a sensor of B-form DNA in a RIGI–dependent manner (18, 19). Ku70 can recognize viral nucleic acids to induce type III IFN (20, 21). LRRFIP ...
Maturing reticulocytes internalize plasma membrane
... pathway in which small plasma membrane vesicles are endocytosed and incorporated into multivesicular endosomal bodies that subsequently fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing unwanted material as exosomes.3,4 Degradation and elimination of organelles is effected by autophagy, a process whereby unw ...
... pathway in which small plasma membrane vesicles are endocytosed and incorporated into multivesicular endosomal bodies that subsequently fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing unwanted material as exosomes.3,4 Degradation and elimination of organelles is effected by autophagy, a process whereby unw ...
Hyaluronic acid influence on platelet-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
... Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is expressed throughout the body including the lung and mostly in areas surrounding proliferating and migrating cells. Furthermore, platelets have been implicated as important players in the airway remodeling pr ...
... Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is expressed throughout the body including the lung and mostly in areas surrounding proliferating and migrating cells. Furthermore, platelets have been implicated as important players in the airway remodeling pr ...
TGF-β/BMP superfamily members, Gbb-60A and Dpp
... these mutant flies are not limited to the wings: a reduction in the size of the eye, with the presence of supernumerary vibrissae, an increase in the number of thoracic bristles, the presence of misshapen leg segments and female sterility have all been observed (S.T.-S. and K. A. W., unpublished dat ...
... these mutant flies are not limited to the wings: a reduction in the size of the eye, with the presence of supernumerary vibrissae, an increase in the number of thoracic bristles, the presence of misshapen leg segments and female sterility have all been observed (S.T.-S. and K. A. W., unpublished dat ...
Gene Section GHRL (ghrelin/obestatin prepropeptide) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... As the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) receptor, Ghrelin/MTLRP is involved in the pulsatile secretion of Growth hormone. In addition to this role Ghrelin/MTLRP is in the regulation of feeding. In rodent In contrast to leptin, Ghrelin/MTLRP promotes food intake and obesity ...
... As the endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogues (GHS) receptor, Ghrelin/MTLRP is involved in the pulsatile secretion of Growth hormone. In addition to this role Ghrelin/MTLRP is in the regulation of feeding. In rodent In contrast to leptin, Ghrelin/MTLRP promotes food intake and obesity ...
PLANT DEFENCES AGAINST PATHOGENS David Guest and John
... between the cells of their host and only penetrate host cell walls (but not host cell membranes) to form food-absorbing haustoria. The pathogen develops without eliciting the host's defence responses or by spreading in advance of the plant's ability to activate its defence responses. The level of sp ...
... between the cells of their host and only penetrate host cell walls (but not host cell membranes) to form food-absorbing haustoria. The pathogen develops without eliciting the host's defence responses or by spreading in advance of the plant's ability to activate its defence responses. The level of sp ...
Recombinant N-terminal Nucleotide
... Walker motifs A and B whose critical roles were shown in other ATP-binding proteins of known three-dimensional structure like adenylate kinase, RecA, or mitochondrial F1-ATPase; (ii) the maximal size was limited by membrane proximity on the N-terminal side and by the phosphorylatable linker region s ...
... Walker motifs A and B whose critical roles were shown in other ATP-binding proteins of known three-dimensional structure like adenylate kinase, RecA, or mitochondrial F1-ATPase; (ii) the maximal size was limited by membrane proximity on the N-terminal side and by the phosphorylatable linker region s ...
Sugar-Regulated Expression of a Putative
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has made important advances in recent years and has become a strong base for the elucidation of nutrient-sensing mechanisms in other eukaryotic organisms (Rolland et al., 2001, 2002). In yeast, two particular members of the family of Glc transporters RGT2 and SNF3 have bee ...
... (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has made important advances in recent years and has become a strong base for the elucidation of nutrient-sensing mechanisms in other eukaryotic organisms (Rolland et al., 2001, 2002). In yeast, two particular members of the family of Glc transporters RGT2 and SNF3 have bee ...
ER calcium release promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic
... cell function. Calcium is integral in two important aspects of cell biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium flu ...
... cell function. Calcium is integral in two important aspects of cell biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium flu ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.