Glutathione Breakthrough: Advancement in
... Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most critical molecules of the entire body. GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transdu ...
... Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most critical molecules of the entire body. GSH plays an important role in antioxidant defense, nutrient metabolism and is key in a vast number of cellular processes including gene expression, DNA and protein synthesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, signal transdu ...
Protein Synthesis within Dendrites: Glycosylation
... Martone et al., 1993), but whether these cisterns are components of the RER and the GA is not known. There also is immunocytochemical evidence that RER proteins and GA markers are present in the dendrites of some cell types (De Camilli et al., 1986; Takei et al., 1992; Villa et al., 1992; Lowenstein ...
... Martone et al., 1993), but whether these cisterns are components of the RER and the GA is not known. There also is immunocytochemical evidence that RER proteins and GA markers are present in the dendrites of some cell types (De Camilli et al., 1986; Takei et al., 1992; Villa et al., 1992; Lowenstein ...
C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic
... The use of multiply or uniformly laC-enriched substrates facilitates the rigorous assignment of metabolites, especially transient specie% and analysis of the more complex spectra obtained gives information of cycling and pathway convergence (6) which may be obscured in the case of singly 13C-enriche ...
... The use of multiply or uniformly laC-enriched substrates facilitates the rigorous assignment of metabolites, especially transient specie% and analysis of the more complex spectra obtained gives information of cycling and pathway convergence (6) which may be obscured in the case of singly 13C-enriche ...
Role of Polycomb Group Protein Cbx2/M33 in Meiosis Onset and
... retinoic acid-dependent up regulation of meiosis-specific genes, including the synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), followed by striking changes in chromosome configuration. In direct contrast, meiosis is not initiated in the male germline until shortly before puberty. This meiotic arrest in the ...
... retinoic acid-dependent up regulation of meiosis-specific genes, including the synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SYCP3), followed by striking changes in chromosome configuration. In direct contrast, meiosis is not initiated in the male germline until shortly before puberty. This meiotic arrest in the ...
Influence of genotype and nutrition on survival and metabolism of starving yeast.
... o grow and survive, all cells must sense and respond to the availability of nutrients in their environment. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the means by which cells sense and respond to the availability of sources of nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, and fermentable sugars are well studied. ...
... o grow and survive, all cells must sense and respond to the availability of nutrients in their environment. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the means by which cells sense and respond to the availability of sources of nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, and fermentable sugars are well studied. ...
Division, and Morphogenesis in Plants
... Ben Scheres and Renze Heidstra Department of Molecular Cell Biology ...
... Ben Scheres and Renze Heidstra Department of Molecular Cell Biology ...
Disruption of Mks1 localization to the mother centriole causes cilia
... glomerular tufts. (C,D)At E18.5, immunostaining with antibody to IFT88 (green) to delineate the cilia (arrows in C,D) showed that cilia were shorter in epithelial cells of mutant glomerular capsule (D) as compared to that of control (C). g-tubulin (red) was used to delineate the basal body. (E,F)C ...
... glomerular tufts. (C,D)At E18.5, immunostaining with antibody to IFT88 (green) to delineate the cilia (arrows in C,D) showed that cilia were shorter in epithelial cells of mutant glomerular capsule (D) as compared to that of control (C). g-tubulin (red) was used to delineate the basal body. (E,F)C ...
Cyclic-‐di-‐AMP: another second messenger enters the fray
... Nucleotides are indispensible components of all living cells as they make up DNA and RNA, and serve as important energy sources. In addition to these functions, nucleotides also play key roles in signal ...
... Nucleotides are indispensible components of all living cells as they make up DNA and RNA, and serve as important energy sources. In addition to these functions, nucleotides also play key roles in signal ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.[2] One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by ATP synthase from inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) oradenosine monophosphate ...
... by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.[2] One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by ATP synthase from inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) oradenosine monophosphate ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... amplifiers and stored using a digital audio tape recorder (BioLogic DTR1404). Data were redigitized at 10 kHz and digitally filtered at 1 kHz. For power spectrum analyses the data were filtered at 0.2 kHz with a low-pass eight-pole Bessel filter. Axograph software (Axon Instruments) was used for fur ...
... amplifiers and stored using a digital audio tape recorder (BioLogic DTR1404). Data were redigitized at 10 kHz and digitally filtered at 1 kHz. For power spectrum analyses the data were filtered at 0.2 kHz with a low-pass eight-pole Bessel filter. Axograph software (Axon Instruments) was used for fur ...
A Quick Look at Biochemistry: Lipid Metabolism
... lipids are classified into simple and complex lipids. Simple lipids contain one or two different types of compounds. However, complex lipids frequently consist of three or more chemical identities (e.g., glycerol, FAs, and sugar) and they are usually amphipathic. Based on their building-blocks, lipi ...
... lipids are classified into simple and complex lipids. Simple lipids contain one or two different types of compounds. However, complex lipids frequently consist of three or more chemical identities (e.g., glycerol, FAs, and sugar) and they are usually amphipathic. Based on their building-blocks, lipi ...
Dubrulle and Pourquie, 2004 - Development
... left and right side is tightly coordinated. These latter properties imply that the number of somites on each side of the embryo is absolutely the same at any given time point. The mechanisms that control this left/right symmetry are poorly understood. There are, however, some exceptions among chorda ...
... left and right side is tightly coordinated. These latter properties imply that the number of somites on each side of the embryo is absolutely the same at any given time point. The mechanisms that control this left/right symmetry are poorly understood. There are, however, some exceptions among chorda ...
The initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
... Figure 7 The binding of the 4E-BPs to eIF4E is regulated by phosphorylation. The 4E-BPs and eIF4Gs compete for a common binding site on eIF4E. Various stimuli increase the phosphorylation of the 4E-BPs. Hyperphosphorylated 4E-BPs have a relatively low affinity for eIF4E. Conversely, a decrease in 4E ...
... Figure 7 The binding of the 4E-BPs to eIF4E is regulated by phosphorylation. The 4E-BPs and eIF4Gs compete for a common binding site on eIF4E. Various stimuli increase the phosphorylation of the 4E-BPs. Hyperphosphorylated 4E-BPs have a relatively low affinity for eIF4E. Conversely, a decrease in 4E ...
SKIP controls lysosome positioning using a composite kinesin
... activate kinesin-1 and drive efficient (+)-end directed transport (Blasius et al., 2007; Fu and Holzbaur, 2013; Sun et al., 2011; Watt et al., 2015). We tested whether the W-acidic cargo proteins SKIP and calsyntenin-1 (CSTN1), which bind to the TPR domain of KLC, could also interact with the cargo- ...
... activate kinesin-1 and drive efficient (+)-end directed transport (Blasius et al., 2007; Fu and Holzbaur, 2013; Sun et al., 2011; Watt et al., 2015). We tested whether the W-acidic cargo proteins SKIP and calsyntenin-1 (CSTN1), which bind to the TPR domain of KLC, could also interact with the cargo- ...
Regulatory Mechanisms of Monofunctional and
... tibility to oxidations since catechols and hydroquinones have similar chemical properties in that they can undergo reversible one- or two-electron oxidations to the corresponding semiquinones or quiñones,respectively. In contrast, resorcinols cannot undergo such facile oxidations. Hence, appropriat ...
... tibility to oxidations since catechols and hydroquinones have similar chemical properties in that they can undergo reversible one- or two-electron oxidations to the corresponding semiquinones or quiñones,respectively. In contrast, resorcinols cannot undergo such facile oxidations. Hence, appropriat ...
Plant autophagy—more than a starvation response
... large amount of information is now available on the yeast proteins, in many cases their precise function in autophagy is still unknown. Most of the autophagy proteins can be classified into several major complexes or processes, including protein kinases involved in the initiation or regulation of au ...
... large amount of information is now available on the yeast proteins, in many cases their precise function in autophagy is still unknown. Most of the autophagy proteins can be classified into several major complexes or processes, including protein kinases involved in the initiation or regulation of au ...
Isolation of a New High Molecular Weight Protein Associated with
... The filaments obtained are composed of the two known muscle intermediate-filament proteins, vimentin and desmin, as well as the vimentin- and desmin-associated high molecular weight protein, synemin (230,000 mol wt) . In addition, they contain a previously unidentified high molecular weight protein ...
... The filaments obtained are composed of the two known muscle intermediate-filament proteins, vimentin and desmin, as well as the vimentin- and desmin-associated high molecular weight protein, synemin (230,000 mol wt) . In addition, they contain a previously unidentified high molecular weight protein ...
Citrate synthase proteins in extremophilic organisms: Studies within
... The structure-based dynamical models follow from Go’s idea4–6 that kinetic and thermodynamic properties of proteins should depend primarily on the geometry of the native structure and less so directly on the specificity of the sequence. There are many variants of such models (see, for instance, Refs. ...
... The structure-based dynamical models follow from Go’s idea4–6 that kinetic and thermodynamic properties of proteins should depend primarily on the geometry of the native structure and less so directly on the specificity of the sequence. There are many variants of such models (see, for instance, Refs. ...
Changes in the Intracellular Concentration of Acetyl
... dry wt)-' after 30 min of incubation. Although lactose produced a similar concentration of total acyl-CoA after 2 h of incubation, the total acyl-CoA concentration during the first 30 min was less than 40% of that in cells grown on glucose. This lag may have been due to the induction of the lactose ...
... dry wt)-' after 30 min of incubation. Although lactose produced a similar concentration of total acyl-CoA after 2 h of incubation, the total acyl-CoA concentration during the first 30 min was less than 40% of that in cells grown on glucose. This lag may have been due to the induction of the lactose ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathways of stomatal regulation and cuticle biosynthesis evolved during the same era in the early land plants, approximately 450 million years ago (Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Cui et al., 2016). These adaptations are also important nowadays for ...
... necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathways of stomatal regulation and cuticle biosynthesis evolved during the same era in the early land plants, approximately 450 million years ago (Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Cui et al., 2016). These adaptations are also important nowadays for ...
This is an author produced version of a paper
... lipogenesis as well as insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes [2, 8]. On the other hand, little is known about the role for different PDE4 isoforms in adipocytes. In general, PDE4 consists of four subfamilies which are widely expressed and involved in the regulation various cellular f ...
... lipogenesis as well as insulin-induced inhibition of lipolysis in adipocytes [2, 8]. On the other hand, little is known about the role for different PDE4 isoforms in adipocytes. In general, PDE4 consists of four subfamilies which are widely expressed and involved in the regulation various cellular f ...
Biomarkery a mechanismy toxicity
... 4) Only certain specific compounds selectively affect specific targets causing „specific“ toxicity (enzyme inhibitions – e.g. drugs, insecticides; receptor interactions – e.g. estrogens; effects at very low concentrations) 1-3 = nonspecific (large groups of chemicals, no specific target – reacts wit ...
... 4) Only certain specific compounds selectively affect specific targets causing „specific“ toxicity (enzyme inhibitions – e.g. drugs, insecticides; receptor interactions – e.g. estrogens; effects at very low concentrations) 1-3 = nonspecific (large groups of chemicals, no specific target – reacts wit ...
QUESTION - biologyjones
... • ANSWER: The type of plants, and the first and second cell types where carbon fixation takes place, as an adaptation to avoid photorespiration and still conduct photosynthesis during the day • QUESTION: What are C4 plants, mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells? Answer ...
... • ANSWER: The type of plants, and the first and second cell types where carbon fixation takes place, as an adaptation to avoid photorespiration and still conduct photosynthesis during the day • QUESTION: What are C4 plants, mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells? Answer ...
De Novo Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis Mainly
... life long before DNA and proteins came into play (Joyce, 2002). Since that time, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism have constituted a central part of the metabolism of every living organism. Because of the early appearance in evolution and the essential importance for life, nucleotide de novo s ...
... life long before DNA and proteins came into play (Joyce, 2002). Since that time, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism have constituted a central part of the metabolism of every living organism. Because of the early appearance in evolution and the essential importance for life, nucleotide de novo s ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.