Populus endobetamannanase PtrMAN6 plays a role in coordinating
... degree of polymerization (DP) 4-8) are considered to be a type of signaling molecule that affects cell differentiation. Exogenous GGMOs affect SCW thickening by regulating the differentiation of protoxylem-like TEs and metaxylem-like TEs in xylogenic cultures of zinnia (Benova-Kakosova et al., 2006) ...
... degree of polymerization (DP) 4-8) are considered to be a type of signaling molecule that affects cell differentiation. Exogenous GGMOs affect SCW thickening by regulating the differentiation of protoxylem-like TEs and metaxylem-like TEs in xylogenic cultures of zinnia (Benova-Kakosova et al., 2006) ...
Early steps in cold sensing by plant cells: the role of actin
... Figure 2. Membrane ¯uidization inhibits cold-triggered cas30 transcript accumulation, development of freezing tolerance and Ca2+ in¯ux in alfalfa cells. (a) Inhibition of cold-induced cas30 transcript accumulation by the membrane ¯uidizer BA. Cells were treated for 1 h at 25°C with the indicated con ...
... Figure 2. Membrane ¯uidization inhibits cold-triggered cas30 transcript accumulation, development of freezing tolerance and Ca2+ in¯ux in alfalfa cells. (a) Inhibition of cold-induced cas30 transcript accumulation by the membrane ¯uidizer BA. Cells were treated for 1 h at 25°C with the indicated con ...
Microbial Immune Suppression Mediated by Direct Engagement of Inhibitory Fc Receptor
... forms of Fc␥RII (Fc␥RIIA and Fc␥RIIB, products of two separate genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as ...
... forms of Fc␥RII (Fc␥RIIA and Fc␥RIIB, products of two separate genes). Fc␥RI, Fc␥RIIA, and Fc␥RIII are activating receptors associated with ITAM (15), whereas Fc␥RIIB is an inhibitory receptor that has an ITIM in its cytoplasmic tail (16). Many immunosuppressive signals described for Fc␥RIIB such as ...
The src
... - Random mutations (mistakes at the assembly line) - Inherited mutations (pre-disposition) - Viral infections - Environmental factors (chemical; physical) Viral infection as a cause for cancer is not common in humans, but it does exist (human papillomavirus can cause carcinoma of the uterine cervix) ...
... - Random mutations (mistakes at the assembly line) - Inherited mutations (pre-disposition) - Viral infections - Environmental factors (chemical; physical) Viral infection as a cause for cancer is not common in humans, but it does exist (human papillomavirus can cause carcinoma of the uterine cervix) ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
Controlled release
... amount of drug molecules within a short time-period immediately after a predetermined off-release interval • Classified into “programmed” and “triggered” delivery systems (DS): – Programmed-DS: the release is governed by the inner mechanism of the device – Triggered-DS: release is governed by change ...
... amount of drug molecules within a short time-period immediately after a predetermined off-release interval • Classified into “programmed” and “triggered” delivery systems (DS): – Programmed-DS: the release is governed by the inner mechanism of the device – Triggered-DS: release is governed by change ...
IFN and IL12 synergize to convert in vivo generated Th17 into Th1
... orphan receptor ct (RORct) , respectively. Apparently, Th1 and Th17 cells share tasks in the control of inflammatory immune responses. Th cells coexpressing IFN-c and IL-17 have been observed in vivo, but it remained elusive, how these cells had been generated and whether they represent a distinct l ...
... orphan receptor ct (RORct) , respectively. Apparently, Th1 and Th17 cells share tasks in the control of inflammatory immune responses. Th cells coexpressing IFN-c and IL-17 have been observed in vivo, but it remained elusive, how these cells had been generated and whether they represent a distinct l ...
Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
... lactic acid, and succinic acid) or during wastewater treatment or bioremediation. Thus far, the biofilms used to obtain industrial products are typically those of single species, which allows the controlled growth conditions needed to maximize the production of the desired compound [59–61]. In biofi ...
eXtra Botany - Journal of Experimental Botany
... a and b -tubulin (Guo et al., 2009). Tubulin genes are not expressed uniformly during plant development; for example, a particular gene is expressed almost exclusively in reproductive organs (Yu et al., 2009). At cellular levels, distinct a-tubulin genes can be specifically expressed in cells that e ...
... a and b -tubulin (Guo et al., 2009). Tubulin genes are not expressed uniformly during plant development; for example, a particular gene is expressed almost exclusively in reproductive organs (Yu et al., 2009). At cellular levels, distinct a-tubulin genes can be specifically expressed in cells that e ...
Augments Anti-CD40 SGN-40–Induced Cytotoxicity in Human
... Administration–approved mAb for the treatment of cancer, is now broadly used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. This type of passive immunotherapy can be effective even if the host immune system is compromised. To date, however, there are few reports of mA ...
... Administration–approved mAb for the treatment of cancer, is now broadly used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. This type of passive immunotherapy can be effective even if the host immune system is compromised. To date, however, there are few reports of mA ...
Hormonal Control of Growth in Plants
... In a flower what happens to the ovule after fertilisation? It forms the seed! In a flower what happens to the ovary wall after fertilisation? It forms the fruit! Fruit formation is caused by high levels of IAA made by the developing embryo. ...
... In a flower what happens to the ovule after fertilisation? It forms the seed! In a flower what happens to the ovary wall after fertilisation? It forms the fruit! Fruit formation is caused by high levels of IAA made by the developing embryo. ...
Structural aspects of bulge formation during root hair initiation
... root hairs (Ringli et al., 2002). Map-based cloning of the der1 locus showed that it is mutated in the actin2 gene, corresponding well with the above drug studies. Aberrantly shaped bulges and young root hairs are characteristic also for other root hair mutants of Arabidopsis. For instance, rhd4 mut ...
... root hairs (Ringli et al., 2002). Map-based cloning of the der1 locus showed that it is mutated in the actin2 gene, corresponding well with the above drug studies. Aberrantly shaped bulges and young root hairs are characteristic also for other root hair mutants of Arabidopsis. For instance, rhd4 mut ...
2010 - Department of Biology
... (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, 2008). We call these constraints ‘reproductive constraints’, and define them as any process that quantitatively or qualitatively reduces the ability of workers to reproduce relative to the queen. Reproductive constraints can act through development or behaviour. Many beha ...
... (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990, 2008). We call these constraints ‘reproductive constraints’, and define them as any process that quantitatively or qualitatively reduces the ability of workers to reproduce relative to the queen. Reproductive constraints can act through development or behaviour. Many beha ...
IL-lra - Blood Journal
... IL- Ira is produced by different cell types, including monocyte-macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Monocytes produce IL-Ira when treated with IgG or immune complexes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, a ...
... IL- Ira is produced by different cell types, including monocyte-macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Monocytes produce IL-Ira when treated with IgG or immune complexes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, a ...
... E.g. In human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement, nerve cells carry messages, blood flows to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste material and so on. In plants, vascular tissues conduct food and water from one part of the plant to other parts. So, multi-cellular organism ...
Gene Expression in Bone Cells
... osteoclast formation. To understand the TRAP negative mononuclear cell phenotype, various osteoclast related markers and nuclear factors were tested using quantitative real-time PCR. GM-CSF suppressed the mRNA expression of osteoclast markers, including TRAP and cathepsin K (CTSK). CTSK is a cystein ...
... osteoclast formation. To understand the TRAP negative mononuclear cell phenotype, various osteoclast related markers and nuclear factors were tested using quantitative real-time PCR. GM-CSF suppressed the mRNA expression of osteoclast markers, including TRAP and cathepsin K (CTSK). CTSK is a cystein ...
Propranolol as antiangiogenic candidate for the therapy of
... indications and is actually used for angina, cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure. Propranolol is an antagonist of serotonin, a neurotransmitter heavily implicated in the physiopathology of migraine attacks (1). The most recent application of this drug is in the treatment of infantile haeman ...
... indications and is actually used for angina, cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure. Propranolol is an antagonist of serotonin, a neurotransmitter heavily implicated in the physiopathology of migraine attacks (1). The most recent application of this drug is in the treatment of infantile haeman ...
Protist Characteristics
... • diffusion: Movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration of the molecule to an area with a lower concentration. • flagella (singular, flagellum): Long, thin protein extensions of the plasma membrane in most prokaryotic cells; helps the cell move; also in some protists. • motility: The ...
... • diffusion: Movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration of the molecule to an area with a lower concentration. • flagella (singular, flagellum): Long, thin protein extensions of the plasma membrane in most prokaryotic cells; helps the cell move; also in some protists. • motility: The ...
340Lecture06 - Dr. Stuart Sumida
... Note that because of the distribution of the presumptive materials, bilateral symmetry is already evident – or, radial symmetry is already lost. Determination comes fairly quickly in Amphioxus. Recall that as a deuterostome, cleavage is radial and initially indeterminate. Determination does come fa ...
... Note that because of the distribution of the presumptive materials, bilateral symmetry is already evident – or, radial symmetry is already lost. Determination comes fairly quickly in Amphioxus. Recall that as a deuterostome, cleavage is radial and initially indeterminate. Determination does come fa ...
The Amoeboid Parabasalid Flagellate Gigantomonas herculeaof the
... rod-shaped bacteria of the same diameter, but the latter were distinguished by a surrounding vacuolar membrane (Figs 14, 15). G. herculea phagocytoses large prey and also wood particles (not shown). ...
... rod-shaped bacteria of the same diameter, but the latter were distinguished by a surrounding vacuolar membrane (Figs 14, 15). G. herculea phagocytoses large prey and also wood particles (not shown). ...
Cell Structure and Functions
... 45. Small grainlike bodies called ____________________ produce proteins inside cells. 46. Organelles known as ____________________ contain chemicals that break down food particles and old cell parts. 47. A structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells is the cell ____________________. 48. W ...
... 45. Small grainlike bodies called ____________________ produce proteins inside cells. 46. Organelles known as ____________________ contain chemicals that break down food particles and old cell parts. 47. A structure found in plant cells but not in animal cells is the cell ____________________. 48. W ...
to get the file - Chair of Computational Biology
... In the limiting case, where all constraints on the metabolic network are known, such as the enzyme kinetics and gene regulation, the feasible set may be reduced to a single point. This single point must lie within the feasible set. 15. Lecture WS 2012/13 ...
... In the limiting case, where all constraints on the metabolic network are known, such as the enzyme kinetics and gene regulation, the feasible set may be reduced to a single point. This single point must lie within the feasible set. 15. Lecture WS 2012/13 ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.