Tropism of human cytomegalovirus for endothelial cells is
... cycle of HCMV that determines this phenotype. The infection efficiency of various HCMV strains in EC versus fibroblasts was quantified by immunodetection of immediate early (IE), early and late viral antigens. Adsorption and penetration were analysed by radiolabelled virus binding assays and competi ...
... cycle of HCMV that determines this phenotype. The infection efficiency of various HCMV strains in EC versus fibroblasts was quantified by immunodetection of immediate early (IE), early and late viral antigens. Adsorption and penetration were analysed by radiolabelled virus binding assays and competi ...
5 | structure and function of plasma membranes
... The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that help maintain this fluid characteristic. One factor is the nature of the phospholipids themselves. In their saturated form, the fatty acids in phospholipid tails are saturated with b ...
... The mosaic characteristics of the membrane explain some but not all of its fluidity. There are two other factors that help maintain this fluid characteristic. One factor is the nature of the phospholipids themselves. In their saturated form, the fatty acids in phospholipid tails are saturated with b ...
Long-Term Potentiation in Cultures of Single Hippocampal Granule
... size and frequency of these events in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) before and after inducing LTP. Figure 8A shows the results from one experiment. In basal conditions, the frequency of mEPSCs was approximately 0.2 Hz and the amplitude distribution showed a skewed distribution toward larger eve ...
... size and frequency of these events in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) before and after inducing LTP. Figure 8A shows the results from one experiment. In basal conditions, the frequency of mEPSCs was approximately 0.2 Hz and the amplitude distribution showed a skewed distribution toward larger eve ...
Female Gametophyte Development in Flowering Plants
... the megasporocyte is manifested by the polar distribution of organelles, the dynamic deposition of callose, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. So far, the role of this polarity on megaspore development is unknown. The disruption of this polarity in megasporocytes was observed in switch1 (swi1)/dyad o ...
... the megasporocyte is manifested by the polar distribution of organelles, the dynamic deposition of callose, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. So far, the role of this polarity on megaspore development is unknown. The disruption of this polarity in megasporocytes was observed in switch1 (swi1)/dyad o ...
Cell size: a consequence of growth and division?
... indicate mass increase. Growing tissues increase in mass, while the cells within them increase, decrease or remain constant in size. The increase in size of individual cells during a single cell cycle is a process that is difficult to monitor in intact organisms. When this increase in cell size is d ...
... indicate mass increase. Growing tissues increase in mass, while the cells within them increase, decrease or remain constant in size. The increase in size of individual cells during a single cell cycle is a process that is difficult to monitor in intact organisms. When this increase in cell size is d ...
Induction of Kranz Anatomy and C4-like
... sheath cells than in the mesophyll cells (Table 1). In the submerged form, densities of labeling specific for PEPCase were lower than in the terrestrial form (Figure 3E and Table 1). The pattern of labeling specific for PEPCase in ABAinduced culms was similar to that in the terrestrial form. Dense l ...
... sheath cells than in the mesophyll cells (Table 1). In the submerged form, densities of labeling specific for PEPCase were lower than in the terrestrial form (Figure 3E and Table 1). The pattern of labeling specific for PEPCase in ABAinduced culms was similar to that in the terrestrial form. Dense l ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... Experimental evidence for this mechanism is still limited, but in vertebrates it has been shown that expression of genes involved in somitogenesis exhibit oscillatory behavior (Maroto and Pourquié, 2001). Inductive mechanisms Cells can affect each other by secreting diffusible molecules, by means of ...
... Experimental evidence for this mechanism is still limited, but in vertebrates it has been shown that expression of genes involved in somitogenesis exhibit oscillatory behavior (Maroto and Pourquié, 2001). Inductive mechanisms Cells can affect each other by secreting diffusible molecules, by means of ...
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of platelet aggregation
... individual LAAOs differ in their structure, substrate specificity as well as in their biological properties. Thus, ophidian LAAO has become an attractive target for research in molecular biochemistry, physiology and medicine due to its multiple effects on several cells. The pit viper Bothrops leucuru ...
... individual LAAOs differ in their structure, substrate specificity as well as in their biological properties. Thus, ophidian LAAO has become an attractive target for research in molecular biochemistry, physiology and medicine due to its multiple effects on several cells. The pit viper Bothrops leucuru ...
Plant microtubule organization
... meeting at the midplane. They direct the transport of Golgiderived vesicles towards the centrifugally expanding cell plate, which matures to become the cross-wall separating daughter cells (Otegui and Staehelin, 2000a). Phragmoplast microtubules originate as a compact cylindrical bundle between the ...
... meeting at the midplane. They direct the transport of Golgiderived vesicles towards the centrifugally expanding cell plate, which matures to become the cross-wall separating daughter cells (Otegui and Staehelin, 2000a). Phragmoplast microtubules originate as a compact cylindrical bundle between the ...
Memoryless self-reinforcing directionality in endosomal active
... the transport restarts on another microtubule. This is reasonable, as the cargo may approach the microtubule in various different orientations, and the distribution of the motors on the cargo surface is expected to be heterogeneous29 . Our numerical simulations based on this model, specified in Meth ...
... the transport restarts on another microtubule. This is reasonable, as the cargo may approach the microtubule in various different orientations, and the distribution of the motors on the cargo surface is expected to be heterogeneous29 . Our numerical simulations based on this model, specified in Meth ...
Skeletal muscle cells
... Cell Features: • 1 or 2 centrally placed nuclei • Branched fibers with intercalated discs • Numerous mitochondria (up to 40% of cell volume) • Sarcoplasmic reticulum & T-tubules appear as diads at Z lines – T tubules are about 2x larger in diameter than in skeletal muscle • transport Ca2+ into fiber ...
... Cell Features: • 1 or 2 centrally placed nuclei • Branched fibers with intercalated discs • Numerous mitochondria (up to 40% of cell volume) • Sarcoplasmic reticulum & T-tubules appear as diads at Z lines – T tubules are about 2x larger in diameter than in skeletal muscle • transport Ca2+ into fiber ...
Supplement Supporting Materials and Methods Site
... Western blot analysis. At 48 h after shRNA transfection, total cell lysates were prepared and normalized for protein concentration. The expression of gapdh was used to control equal protein loading. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments. B, P300 shRNA or CBP shRNA abolish ...
... Western blot analysis. At 48 h after shRNA transfection, total cell lysates were prepared and normalized for protein concentration. The expression of gapdh was used to control equal protein loading. Results shown are representative of three independent experiments. B, P300 shRNA or CBP shRNA abolish ...
Novel Symbiotic Protoplasts Formed by Endophytic Fungi Explain
... some phase concept, and allow morphological comparisons across diverse fungal taxa. The experimental results demonstrate that diverse endophytic fungi produce a morphologically similar mycosome phase, and that some mycosome states are capable of reverting to the walled phase. Chloroplasts apparently ...
... some phase concept, and allow morphological comparisons across diverse fungal taxa. The experimental results demonstrate that diverse endophytic fungi produce a morphologically similar mycosome phase, and that some mycosome states are capable of reverting to the walled phase. Chloroplasts apparently ...
b -agonists combination: why do we need more? EDITORIAL
... which salmeterol and/or fluticasone interfere with cPLA2 nuclear translocation, nor the molecular mechanisms by which the inhibition of cPLA2 nuclear translocation determines reduced eosinophil adhesion are investigated. A surprising finding of the study by MYO et al. [9] that also deserves further ...
... which salmeterol and/or fluticasone interfere with cPLA2 nuclear translocation, nor the molecular mechanisms by which the inhibition of cPLA2 nuclear translocation determines reduced eosinophil adhesion are investigated. A surprising finding of the study by MYO et al. [9] that also deserves further ...
Regulation of Vascular Development - Size
... hypothesis predicts that cells would be added incrementally to the end of developing procambial strands, but these observations suggest that this step happens at a prepatterning stage and that morphological appearance of procambium is expressed only after the bridge from auxin source to sink is comp ...
... hypothesis predicts that cells would be added incrementally to the end of developing procambial strands, but these observations suggest that this step happens at a prepatterning stage and that morphological appearance of procambium is expressed only after the bridge from auxin source to sink is comp ...
Pavement cell chloroplast behaviour and interactions with other
... Identifying the PCC and creating resources for their characterization The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leave ...
... Identifying the PCC and creating resources for their characterization The presence of PCC in Arabidopsis was best appreciated when the pavement cells were viewed from a lateral perspective. As shown in Fig. 1 this view was easily achieved for pavement cells lying at the edges of cotyledons and leave ...
Full text in pdf format
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
... (BSA)];33 % was considered surface bound (accessible to BSA). The cellular distribution of aminopeptidase activity is consistent with the model that cell surface aminopeptidase generate oligomers which diffuse into the periplasm where they are monomerized by the high aminopeptidase activity in an en ...
Cardiac optogenetics - Biomedical Engineering
... microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, an ...
... microbial opsins, all of which use retinal as a chromophore (light-sensing element). Unlike BR, ChR2 is a classical ion channel (not an active pump) and upon opening it conducts cations along the electrochemical gradient. The chromophore, all-trans-retinal, is covalently bound to the ion channel, an ...
Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements
... Two pairs of cells are labelled with different colours. (E-G) Bottle cell formation, a variant of epidermal bending, and convergent extension (CE) in Xenopus. (E) Semi-section of Xenopus embryo at stage 10.5 (early gastrula; dorsal to the right, animal pole up); position of the bottle cells is indic ...
... Two pairs of cells are labelled with different colours. (E-G) Bottle cell formation, a variant of epidermal bending, and convergent extension (CE) in Xenopus. (E) Semi-section of Xenopus embryo at stage 10.5 (early gastrula; dorsal to the right, animal pole up); position of the bottle cells is indic ...
Short Article Zebrafish Slow Muscle Cell Migration Induces a Wave
... frequently gaps between somites (white asterisk). Cyclopamine treatment (100 M) was performed as previously described (Barresi et al., 2001), and in each experiment, a subset of control and treated embryos were processed to verify absence of myoD-expressing adaxial cells but presence of myoD-expres ...
... frequently gaps between somites (white asterisk). Cyclopamine treatment (100 M) was performed as previously described (Barresi et al., 2001), and in each experiment, a subset of control and treated embryos were processed to verify absence of myoD-expressing adaxial cells but presence of myoD-expres ...
PDF
... Auerbach’s plexus. Characteristically, the avian gut contains Remak’s ganglion made of post-ganglionic neurons (see Fig. 3). Nine days after the surgery, the digestive tract of transplanted embryos was fixed for histological observation. Alternate paraffin sections were split between two series of s ...
... Auerbach’s plexus. Characteristically, the avian gut contains Remak’s ganglion made of post-ganglionic neurons (see Fig. 3). Nine days after the surgery, the digestive tract of transplanted embryos was fixed for histological observation. Alternate paraffin sections were split between two series of s ...
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Myelogenous
... The conventional (“classical”) practice of allo-HSCT involves administration of cytotoxic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, busulfan) with or without total body irradiation at doses sufficient to destroy endogenous hematopoietic capability in the recipient. The beneficial treatment effect in this proc ...
... The conventional (“classical”) practice of allo-HSCT involves administration of cytotoxic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, busulfan) with or without total body irradiation at doses sufficient to destroy endogenous hematopoietic capability in the recipient. The beneficial treatment effect in this proc ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... they have revealed have resulted in large part because of the explosion in the availability of optical probes that can be used with these techniques. Chemists are continuously developing new fluorescent labels to allow imaging of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and just about any specific cell comp ...
... they have revealed have resulted in large part because of the explosion in the availability of optical probes that can be used with these techniques. Chemists are continuously developing new fluorescent labels to allow imaging of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and just about any specific cell comp ...
chapter3_part1 Membrane lecture
... • Random collisions and intermingling of molecules as a result of their continuous, thermally induced random motion • Net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration • Equilibrium is reached when there is no concentration gradient and no net diffusion ...
... • Random collisions and intermingling of molecules as a result of their continuous, thermally induced random motion • Net movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration • Equilibrium is reached when there is no concentration gradient and no net diffusion ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.