The roles of microtubules in tropisms
... elongating and swell by expanding radially (see refs. [47–53] for examples). In addition, there are several mutations that alter cortical microtubule organization and plants with these mutations have defects in the control of directional cell elongation. For example, microtubules become very short a ...
... elongating and swell by expanding radially (see refs. [47–53] for examples). In addition, there are several mutations that alter cortical microtubule organization and plants with these mutations have defects in the control of directional cell elongation. For example, microtubules become very short a ...
A conserved sequence in calmodulin regulated spectrinassociated
... extending newly formed axons. Among these are microtubules (Lafont et al. 1993) and proteins that interact with them as assembly factors (e.g. Gordon-Weeks 2004), motors (e.g. Ahmad et al. 2000; Hirokawa and Takemura 2004) or cross-linkers (e.g. Dehmelt and Halpain 2004). Recently, we characterised ...
... extending newly formed axons. Among these are microtubules (Lafont et al. 1993) and proteins that interact with them as assembly factors (e.g. Gordon-Weeks 2004), motors (e.g. Ahmad et al. 2000; Hirokawa and Takemura 2004) or cross-linkers (e.g. Dehmelt and Halpain 2004). Recently, we characterised ...
Evidence for inducible recruitment of Wiskott
... membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, molecular imaging analysis also reveals the co-localization of WASp with TCR-associated protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 (ζ-chain-associated protein of 70 kDa) after T cell activation, indicating that WASp is recruited to the TCR activation s ...
... membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, molecular imaging analysis also reveals the co-localization of WASp with TCR-associated protein tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 (ζ-chain-associated protein of 70 kDa) after T cell activation, indicating that WASp is recruited to the TCR activation s ...
Advanced continuous cultivation methods for systems microbiology
... enabling the control of environmental parameters (e.g. temperature, pH) and substrate feeding rates (for both fluids and gases) together with culture outflow is available. The first application of such a system was the development of the chemostat continuous cultivation method 65 years ago allowing ...
... enabling the control of environmental parameters (e.g. temperature, pH) and substrate feeding rates (for both fluids and gases) together with culture outflow is available. The first application of such a system was the development of the chemostat continuous cultivation method 65 years ago allowing ...
Synthesis of a Viral Protein with Molecular
... mans is possible since some antigenic determinants of the p30 polypeptide found in different Old World Monkey species have not undergone extensive evolutionary divergence (21). Re cently, it was shown that antibodies cross-reacting with type C viral p30 can be found in human sera and exúdate fluids ...
... mans is possible since some antigenic determinants of the p30 polypeptide found in different Old World Monkey species have not undergone extensive evolutionary divergence (21). Re cently, it was shown that antibodies cross-reacting with type C viral p30 can be found in human sera and exúdate fluids ...
mitosis on DNA replication and repair. Mitotic checkpoint genes in
... [We cannot distinguish whether the four mutants cdc2, cdc9, cdclS, and cdcl 7 arrest in the late S phase or in the G2 phase after shift to the restrictive temperature. Flow cytometry used to measure DNA content is not sensitive enough to distinguish the two possibilities. For simplic ity, we will r ...
... [We cannot distinguish whether the four mutants cdc2, cdc9, cdclS, and cdcl 7 arrest in the late S phase or in the G2 phase after shift to the restrictive temperature. Flow cytometry used to measure DNA content is not sensitive enough to distinguish the two possibilities. For simplic ity, we will r ...
An Equatorial Contractile Mechanism Drives Cell Elongation but not
... Received May 1, 2013; Accepted December 20, 2013; Published February 4, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Sehring et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided ...
... Received May 1, 2013; Accepted December 20, 2013; Published February 4, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Sehring et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided ...
Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of
... appropriate locations in the embryo (Tam and Behringer, 1997). Generation of the primitive streak is regulated by multiple pathways, including Nodal, Wnt and Bmp (Rossant and Tam, 2004). These factors and their inhibitors are elaborated from diverse locations within the embryonic and extra-embryonic ...
... appropriate locations in the embryo (Tam and Behringer, 1997). Generation of the primitive streak is regulated by multiple pathways, including Nodal, Wnt and Bmp (Rossant and Tam, 2004). These factors and their inhibitors are elaborated from diverse locations within the embryonic and extra-embryonic ...
University of Groningen The role of antibodies in controlling
... The first step in the infectious cell entry pathway of flaviviruses involves binding of the E glycoprotein to a cellular receptor. Flaviviruses must recognize a ubiquitous cell surface molecule or utilize multiple receptors for cell entry as flavivirus infection has been observed in a variety of cel ...
... The first step in the infectious cell entry pathway of flaviviruses involves binding of the E glycoprotein to a cellular receptor. Flaviviruses must recognize a ubiquitous cell surface molecule or utilize multiple receptors for cell entry as flavivirus infection has been observed in a variety of cel ...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: New Approaches for the Treatment of
... brain cancer and stroke, which may be treated with the harvested cells. The wide availability of adipose tissue from liposuction procedures also means that adipose-derived MSCs are more practical to study in the laboratory setting. In most academic medical centers, a steady stream of adipose tissue ...
... brain cancer and stroke, which may be treated with the harvested cells. The wide availability of adipose tissue from liposuction procedures also means that adipose-derived MSCs are more practical to study in the laboratory setting. In most academic medical centers, a steady stream of adipose tissue ...
Two Light-dependent Conductances in Lima Rhabdomeric
... ICM-405 inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY), while illuminated with dim, red light through a long-pass filter (50% transmission cut-off at 650 nm; Ditric Optics Inc., Hudson, MA). Upon formation of a tight seal, the electrode potential was set to the holding voltage ( - 5 0 or - 6 ...
... ICM-405 inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY), while illuminated with dim, red light through a long-pass filter (50% transmission cut-off at 650 nm; Ditric Optics Inc., Hudson, MA). Upon formation of a tight seal, the electrode potential was set to the holding voltage ( - 5 0 or - 6 ...
PDF
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
Defining retinal progenitor cell competence in
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
... or B-A, or C-D-E or E-C-D, etc.), but not between phases (never AC-B, C-B-E, etc.). Finally, the most extreme form of competence control is where RPCs pass sequentially through periods to make each cell type separately. In our example, a single RPC would produce cell type A, then B, C, etc., althoug ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... 7. Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a large number of ________________. 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, whereas ____________________ convert chemical energy into compounds that are convenient for the ce ...
... 7. Cells that need to make a lot of protein are expected to have a large number of ________________. 8. In plants, ____________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy, whereas ____________________ convert chemical energy into compounds that are convenient for the ce ...
Identification of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
... lipid kinases catalyze the production of the second messengers phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3, 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleck ...
... lipid kinases catalyze the production of the second messengers phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns-3, 4P2) and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns3,4,5P3; reviewed by Katso et al., 2001; Rameh and Cantley, 1999). Downstream targets containing specialized domains, such as pleck ...
IL-15 and dermal fibroblasts induce proliferation of natural
... Tregs from blood.24 To determine whether the CD4⫹CD25hiCD69lo T cells we isolated from skin were functional Tregs, we isolated these cells by flow sorting (Figure 2B) and tested them for the ability to suppress the proliferation of CD25lo T cells isolated from the same sample of skin. CD25hiCD69lo T ...
... Tregs from blood.24 To determine whether the CD4⫹CD25hiCD69lo T cells we isolated from skin were functional Tregs, we isolated these cells by flow sorting (Figure 2B) and tested them for the ability to suppress the proliferation of CD25lo T cells isolated from the same sample of skin. CD25hiCD69lo T ...
Auxin Metabolism and Function in the Multicellular Brown Alga
... Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, S–901 83 Umea, Sweden (M.K., K.L.) ...
... Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences, S–901 83 Umea, Sweden (M.K., K.L.) ...
Arabidopsis root K - Journal of Cell Science
... activity will result in significant changes in metabolic reactions and physiological processes (Marschner, 1995). Moreover, retaining high cytosolic K+ concentration is crucial for plant salinity tolerance, although the mechanisms by which this protects cells from Na+ is still unclear (Maathuis and ...
... activity will result in significant changes in metabolic reactions and physiological processes (Marschner, 1995). Moreover, retaining high cytosolic K+ concentration is crucial for plant salinity tolerance, although the mechanisms by which this protects cells from Na+ is still unclear (Maathuis and ...
Mastoparan Alters Subcellular Distribution of
... profilin plays critical roles for basic processes of plant development (Ramachandran et al. 2000, McKinney et al. 2001). Profilins from non-plant systems are well known to interact with several classes of proteins that contain long continuous stretches of proline residues (Reinhard et al. 1995, Kay ...
... profilin plays critical roles for basic processes of plant development (Ramachandran et al. 2000, McKinney et al. 2001). Profilins from non-plant systems are well known to interact with several classes of proteins that contain long continuous stretches of proline residues (Reinhard et al. 1995, Kay ...
Pap and HPV Testing
... and treatments can be uncomfortable, and some treatments that remove cervical tissue, such as LEEP and conization, have the potential to weaken the cervix and may affect fertility or slightly increase the rate of premature delivery, depending on how much tissue is removed. The screening intervals in ...
... and treatments can be uncomfortable, and some treatments that remove cervical tissue, such as LEEP and conization, have the potential to weaken the cervix and may affect fertility or slightly increase the rate of premature delivery, depending on how much tissue is removed. The screening intervals in ...
Electrocardioqraphic criteria for predicting the site of coronary artery
... contact on membrane filter and is very inefficient in broth . The transfer of plasmid is lower than(10-4-10-5 per donor cell) gene transfer by pheromone induction[5]. (ii)The transfer of plasmids by transposon mechanism that occurs at low frequency on filter, and many explain the spread of Rgene to ...
... contact on membrane filter and is very inefficient in broth . The transfer of plasmid is lower than(10-4-10-5 per donor cell) gene transfer by pheromone induction[5]. (ii)The transfer of plasmids by transposon mechanism that occurs at low frequency on filter, and many explain the spread of Rgene to ...
Phorbol Esters Alter Cell Fate during Development of Sea Urchin
... Variability was observed between egg batches in the degree of their response to treatment with TPA, although the response of embryos within a batch was mostly uniform. Fig. 1 F was chosen to show the range of response to TPA. The inactive phorbol ester (4r had no effect whatsoever at similar concent ...
... Variability was observed between egg batches in the degree of their response to treatment with TPA, although the response of embryos within a batch was mostly uniform. Fig. 1 F was chosen to show the range of response to TPA. The inactive phorbol ester (4r had no effect whatsoever at similar concent ...
Determinants of the Sensitivity of Human Small
... detailed insights into diverse mechanisms of drug resistance. Mutants with defective drug transport (20-22) and decreased DHFR affinity for MTX (23-25) have been described. Cellular resistance may also be conferred by amplification of the gene coding for DHFR, resulting in high intracellular target ...
... detailed insights into diverse mechanisms of drug resistance. Mutants with defective drug transport (20-22) and decreased DHFR affinity for MTX (23-25) have been described. Cellular resistance may also be conferred by amplification of the gene coding for DHFR, resulting in high intracellular target ...
Plant Vacuoles
... et al., 1998; Neuhaus and Rogers, 1998). In the endosperm of cereal grains, proteins accumulate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–derived organelles of vacuole-like size (see below). A few recent studies show that distinct vacuoles may simultaneously function in the same cell. Two separate vacuolar comp ...
... et al., 1998; Neuhaus and Rogers, 1998). In the endosperm of cereal grains, proteins accumulate in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–derived organelles of vacuole-like size (see below). A few recent studies show that distinct vacuoles may simultaneously function in the same cell. Two separate vacuolar comp ...
Minimally invasive determination of mRNA
... FCS can detect a wide range of concentrations, from few molecules to 103 molecules per detection volume (11). FCS relies on fluctuation analysis of the number of fluorescent molecules diffusing through a small (submicron) detection volume. A small number of molecules will result in large fluctuations of ...
... FCS can detect a wide range of concentrations, from few molecules to 103 molecules per detection volume (11). FCS relies on fluctuation analysis of the number of fluorescent molecules diffusing through a small (submicron) detection volume. A small number of molecules will result in large fluctuations of ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.