Pancreas dorsal lobe agenesis and abnormal islets
... remains a possible explanation for the phenotype we observe. A complicated interplay between different transcription factors and their target genes is responsible for lineage specification and differentiation of the cell types that comprise the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas23,24. F ...
... remains a possible explanation for the phenotype we observe. A complicated interplay between different transcription factors and their target genes is responsible for lineage specification and differentiation of the cell types that comprise the exocrine and endocrine portions of the pancreas23,24. F ...
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
... oRibosomes produce proteins by following _______ _______________ that come from the ___________. ...
... oRibosomes produce proteins by following _______ _______________ that come from the ___________. ...
Meiosis Flip Project Lena Wachs
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
... The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes and genetic variation. After meiosis, there are four haploids, each with different sets of chromosomes. This increases the genetic variation which allows for evolution and the adaptation of organisms to different environments and for sexual reproduction t ...
For all these reasons, it was decided to set a... objectives focused at discarding possible sources of inefficiency while Work plan
... drawbacks in commercial systems that posed substantial problems on the development of the present research. Firstly, most commercial systems are aimed at controlling large mass reservoirs (larger than the Peltier cell) and were clearly not suited for control of a PCR-chip, since parameters could not ...
... drawbacks in commercial systems that posed substantial problems on the development of the present research. Firstly, most commercial systems are aimed at controlling large mass reservoirs (larger than the Peltier cell) and were clearly not suited for control of a PCR-chip, since parameters could not ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... dramatic morphological alterations upon entry into lymph nodes, including the formation of extended membrane processes, as they are integrated into a network of lymphoid-residing DC (14), thus supporting the concept of direct Ag transfer. One proposed mode of direct intercellular Ag exchange occurs ...
... dramatic morphological alterations upon entry into lymph nodes, including the formation of extended membrane processes, as they are integrated into a network of lymphoid-residing DC (14), thus supporting the concept of direct Ag transfer. One proposed mode of direct intercellular Ag exchange occurs ...
The alternative oxidase lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen
... AOX (S11) was 57% lower than that of WT cells. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Increases ROS Production in Vivo. It has been shown in isolated animal mitochondria that chemical inhibition of electron transport results in increased superoxide formation (3). However, with isolated plant ...
... AOX (S11) was 57% lower than that of WT cells. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Increases ROS Production in Vivo. It has been shown in isolated animal mitochondria that chemical inhibition of electron transport results in increased superoxide formation (3). However, with isolated plant ...
Storage of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Epidermal Tissues
... whether this is relevant in other cell culture systems employed for the production of valuable secondary products but which do not come up to the research ers’ expectations. On the other hand, however, the successful cell culture systems seem to have a com mon advantage: Shikonin, berberine and ro ...
... whether this is relevant in other cell culture systems employed for the production of valuable secondary products but which do not come up to the research ers’ expectations. On the other hand, however, the successful cell culture systems seem to have a com mon advantage: Shikonin, berberine and ro ...
PDF
... are not entirely convincing. A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from serial sections and fluorescence microscopy of living cells was presented to support the claim of ‘‘the continuous nature of the membranous envelope surrounding the nuclear body and completely enclosing the nucleoid, apart fro ...
... are not entirely convincing. A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from serial sections and fluorescence microscopy of living cells was presented to support the claim of ‘‘the continuous nature of the membranous envelope surrounding the nuclear body and completely enclosing the nucleoid, apart fro ...
Transcriptional insights into the CD8+ T cell response to infection
... which suggested that the transition to memory required a tempering of gene expression associated with initial activation. To visualize changes in gene expression over the course of the CD8 + T cell response to infection with Lm-OVA, we selected 7,195 genes that had a difference in expression of at l ...
... which suggested that the transition to memory required a tempering of gene expression associated with initial activation. To visualize changes in gene expression over the course of the CD8 + T cell response to infection with Lm-OVA, we selected 7,195 genes that had a difference in expression of at l ...
13.2. Natural Cell Death
... and its activation can cause the death of the cell. It is therefore subject to an unusually large array of regulatory modifications that ensure it is present and active only when necessary. Most of these modifications increase its concentration or its intrinsic gene regulatory activity, or both, whe ...
... and its activation can cause the death of the cell. It is therefore subject to an unusually large array of regulatory modifications that ensure it is present and active only when necessary. Most of these modifications increase its concentration or its intrinsic gene regulatory activity, or both, whe ...
LEC67.WP5 (Word5)
... the opening of the gastric pits near the epithelial surface are mucus and HCO3- secreting cells. The cells within the oxyntic gland and stomach epithelia are connected by tight junctions making them highly impermeant. This feature together with secretion of mucus and HCO3- provide the stomach surfac ...
... the opening of the gastric pits near the epithelial surface are mucus and HCO3- secreting cells. The cells within the oxyntic gland and stomach epithelia are connected by tight junctions making them highly impermeant. This feature together with secretion of mucus and HCO3- provide the stomach surfac ...
Lysine Acetylation - Regulator of Diverse Cellular Processes
... Lysine Acetylation - Regulator of Diverse Cellular Processes Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) crucial for regulating the function and localization of many eukaryotic proteins. This PTM is reversible, regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferase ...
... Lysine Acetylation - Regulator of Diverse Cellular Processes Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) crucial for regulating the function and localization of many eukaryotic proteins. This PTM is reversible, regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferase ...
LETTERS
... very different expression levels in this tissue (data not shown). In order to follow the cells overexpressing the pTK-Hoxb9-ZsGreen in the embryo, we mixed the plasmid with a pCAGGS-EGFP vector. This co-electroporation procedure resulted in the vast majority of cells coexpressing the two vectors. We ...
... very different expression levels in this tissue (data not shown). In order to follow the cells overexpressing the pTK-Hoxb9-ZsGreen in the embryo, we mixed the plasmid with a pCAGGS-EGFP vector. This co-electroporation procedure resulted in the vast majority of cells coexpressing the two vectors. We ...
chemoattractant signaling in dictyostelium discoideum
... When cAR1, cAR2, and cAR3 are constitutively expressed, they couple to the same downstream effectors and activate responses normally mediated by cAR1 but with appropriately shifted EC50s (Kim et al. 1998). The C-terminal regions of the cARs are highly variable. Unlike some classes of mammalian recep ...
... When cAR1, cAR2, and cAR3 are constitutively expressed, they couple to the same downstream effectors and activate responses normally mediated by cAR1 but with appropriately shifted EC50s (Kim et al. 1998). The C-terminal regions of the cARs are highly variable. Unlike some classes of mammalian recep ...
High-resolution dynamics of the transcriptional response to nutrition
... pathogenesis, especially in light of recent evidence that decreased expression of genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes (38, 45). Furthermore, the links between nutrient-sensing systems and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes are unc ...
... pathogenesis, especially in light of recent evidence that decreased expression of genes of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is associated with insulin resistance and diabetes (38, 45). Furthermore, the links between nutrient-sensing systems and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation genes are unc ...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress
... Khurana, 2002; Zeng et al. 2007). This is only possible if the cells are both competent and receive the appropriate inductor stimuli. ...
... Khurana, 2002; Zeng et al. 2007). This is only possible if the cells are both competent and receive the appropriate inductor stimuli. ...
RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies
... biological reactions, but unlike cytoplasmic organelles, NBs lack a defining membrane to separate them from the rest of the nucleus. NBs are highly dynamic structures whose components can be rapidly exchanged with the surrounding nucleoplasm. Self-organization of NBs through transient protein-protei ...
... biological reactions, but unlike cytoplasmic organelles, NBs lack a defining membrane to separate them from the rest of the nucleus. NBs are highly dynamic structures whose components can be rapidly exchanged with the surrounding nucleoplasm. Self-organization of NBs through transient protein-protei ...
as a PDF
... tomatoes which possessed PIIF activity. Studies of more purified preparations of PIIF—active material extracted from tomato plants, and of other rhamnogalacturonan I preparations from sycamore have demonstrated that PIIF Thus, just as with the is, in fact, a fragment of rhamnogalacturonan I. Endogen ...
... tomatoes which possessed PIIF activity. Studies of more purified preparations of PIIF—active material extracted from tomato plants, and of other rhamnogalacturonan I preparations from sycamore have demonstrated that PIIF Thus, just as with the is, in fact, a fragment of rhamnogalacturonan I. Endogen ...
Effect of Nutrient Depletion on Sensitivity of
... 24 h (stationary phase) or for exponential-phase cells to an optical density of 0-5 at 470 nm. Cells grown to stationary phase in complete chemically defined medium were designated oxygen-depleted. Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation at 8000g for 10 min, washed once with normal saline and resu ...
... 24 h (stationary phase) or for exponential-phase cells to an optical density of 0-5 at 470 nm. Cells grown to stationary phase in complete chemically defined medium were designated oxygen-depleted. Bacteria were harvested by centrifugation at 8000g for 10 min, washed once with normal saline and resu ...
Chapter 2: From a Cell to an Organism
... were damaged or lost. These new cells are made by mitosis and cell division. It is important to understand that the processes of mitosis and cell division do not produce all cells. For example, a different kind of cell division produces sperm cells or egg cells from reproductive cells. You will read ...
... were damaged or lost. These new cells are made by mitosis and cell division. It is important to understand that the processes of mitosis and cell division do not produce all cells. For example, a different kind of cell division produces sperm cells or egg cells from reproductive cells. You will read ...
Single gene-based distinction of individual microbial
... in complex microbial communities. We envision that the method could be optimized for fluorescence-activated cell sorting to enrich genetic material of interest from complex environmental samples. Keywords: multiple displacement amplification, in situ PCR, fluorescent hybridization, flow cytometry ...
... in complex microbial communities. We envision that the method could be optimized for fluorescence-activated cell sorting to enrich genetic material of interest from complex environmental samples. Keywords: multiple displacement amplification, in situ PCR, fluorescent hybridization, flow cytometry ...
gamete interaction in flowering plants
... gamete recognition and fusion. In vivo imaging of double fertilization and the recent discovery of numerous female-gametophyte-specific expressed genes encoding small secreted proteins, some of whom were found to be essential for the fertilization process, support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, recen ...
... gamete recognition and fusion. In vivo imaging of double fertilization and the recent discovery of numerous female-gametophyte-specific expressed genes encoding small secreted proteins, some of whom were found to be essential for the fertilization process, support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, recen ...
New Tools for Gene Manipulation in Chicken Embryos
... COLOR PLATE 1. Electroporation is an efficient method of DNA delivery in vivo. (A) Through a window in the eggshell, a solution containing the DNA is injected into the chicken embryo at the selected stage. As an example, an injection into the neural tube is shown. Trypan blue is added to the DNA sol ...
... COLOR PLATE 1. Electroporation is an efficient method of DNA delivery in vivo. (A) Through a window in the eggshell, a solution containing the DNA is injected into the chicken embryo at the selected stage. As an example, an injection into the neural tube is shown. Trypan blue is added to the DNA sol ...
Probing the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in a 3D
... be released to invade vacant areas and where their spatial motility and proliferation can be analyzed to compare the invasion potentials quantitatively. Our experiments do not involve flow but rather use three-dimensional microstructures of very high aspect ratios that provide an approach for the st ...
... be released to invade vacant areas and where their spatial motility and proliferation can be analyzed to compare the invasion potentials quantitatively. Our experiments do not involve flow but rather use three-dimensional microstructures of very high aspect ratios that provide an approach for the st ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.