The Role of Endocytosis in the Creation of the Cortical Division Zone
... when the cells enter prometaphase. However, some positional information, or positional memory, is retained in the cell cortex/plasma membrane where the PPB of MTs was located, and the cell plate edge grows towards and fuses with this predetermined division site. Thus, how MTs demarcate the future di ...
... when the cells enter prometaphase. However, some positional information, or positional memory, is retained in the cell cortex/plasma membrane where the PPB of MTs was located, and the cell plate edge grows towards and fuses with this predetermined division site. Thus, how MTs demarcate the future di ...
Direct conversion of root primordium into shoot meristem relies on
... callus-inducing medium (CIM) characterized by a high auxin/ cytokinin ratio. After a few days, the resulting calli can be transferred on a root-inducing medium (RIM) that only contains auxin or on a shoot-inducing medium (SIM) with a high cytokinin/ auxin ratio, with founder cells then initiating th ...
... callus-inducing medium (CIM) characterized by a high auxin/ cytokinin ratio. After a few days, the resulting calli can be transferred on a root-inducing medium (RIM) that only contains auxin or on a shoot-inducing medium (SIM) with a high cytokinin/ auxin ratio, with founder cells then initiating th ...
Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Conditions Support Distinct States
... participate in development and generate all cell types of the embryo including the germ cells (Beddington and Robertson, 1989; Gossler et al., 1986; Lallemand and Brulet, 1990; Robertson et al., 1986; Suemori et al., 1990). They are therefore said to be pluripotent. Although the first ESCs were deri ...
... participate in development and generate all cell types of the embryo including the germ cells (Beddington and Robertson, 1989; Gossler et al., 1986; Lallemand and Brulet, 1990; Robertson et al., 1986; Suemori et al., 1990). They are therefore said to be pluripotent. Although the first ESCs were deri ...
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels
... A papilla, a local apposition of a multi-layered wall structure, contains callose, structural proteins, and lignin [44]. All of these components are produced as a result of the plant cell’s sensing mechanism triggered by invading pathogens and are necessary to form a first line of defense against th ...
... A papilla, a local apposition of a multi-layered wall structure, contains callose, structural proteins, and lignin [44]. All of these components are produced as a result of the plant cell’s sensing mechanism triggered by invading pathogens and are necessary to form a first line of defense against th ...
Untitled - University of Guelph
... conveys the fact that, during development, one region of a cell grows differently from another, but it raises the question of how preferences for localized growth can be created within a cell. Furthermore, what molecular hierarchy might operate between cellular components for differential growth to ...
... conveys the fact that, during development, one region of a cell grows differently from another, but it raises the question of how preferences for localized growth can be created within a cell. Furthermore, what molecular hierarchy might operate between cellular components for differential growth to ...
TCR After Rapid Identification of Pathogenic Vaccines Autoimmune
... experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAC), it is difficult to establish autoantigen-reactive disease-inducing T cell lines and clones. Like EAE, EAC is inducible in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin (7, 8) or adoptive transfer of sensitized T cells activated in vitro with Con A (9). The ...
... experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAC), it is difficult to establish autoantigen-reactive disease-inducing T cell lines and clones. Like EAE, EAC is inducible in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin (7, 8) or adoptive transfer of sensitized T cells activated in vitro with Con A (9). The ...
PDF
... distributions of cytoplasmic constituents have been described in the early development of many species (reviewed in Davidson 1986; Wilson 1925). It is postulated that these cytoplasmic rearrangements localize fate-determining substances (determinants) to specific regions within a fertilized egg that ...
... distributions of cytoplasmic constituents have been described in the early development of many species (reviewed in Davidson 1986; Wilson 1925). It is postulated that these cytoplasmic rearrangements localize fate-determining substances (determinants) to specific regions within a fertilized egg that ...
Measuring the mechanical properties of plant cells by combining
... quantities at a cellular level. Turgor pressure and the bulk elastic modulus of a plant cell can be measured with a pressure probe (Tomos and Leigh, 1999). This device is made from a microcapillary that is attached to a pressure transducer. While the probe is inserted into a cell, turgor is found as ...
... quantities at a cellular level. Turgor pressure and the bulk elastic modulus of a plant cell can be measured with a pressure probe (Tomos and Leigh, 1999). This device is made from a microcapillary that is attached to a pressure transducer. While the probe is inserted into a cell, turgor is found as ...
Autophagy in Tobacco BY-2 Cells Cultured under
... level in plants on a number of occasions. These include autophagy relating to the biogenesis of lytic vacuoles in vegetative tissues, protein storage vacuoles in developing seed tissues and the transformation of protein storage vacuoles to lytic vacuoles during seed germination (Robinson and Hinz 19 ...
... level in plants on a number of occasions. These include autophagy relating to the biogenesis of lytic vacuoles in vegetative tissues, protein storage vacuoles in developing seed tissues and the transformation of protein storage vacuoles to lytic vacuoles during seed germination (Robinson and Hinz 19 ...
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
... newly synthesized proteins to other locations in the cell or outside the cell. This is achieved through a process called budding, wherein the small vesicles, which contain proteins, are ...
... newly synthesized proteins to other locations in the cell or outside the cell. This is achieved through a process called budding, wherein the small vesicles, which contain proteins, are ...
Assembly and function of AP-3 complexes in cells expressing
... We first investigated whether the constructs were capable of assembling into AP-3 complexes by immunoprecipitating cell extracts with an antibody against the subunit, then probing Western blots of the immunoprecipitates with antibodies against the other three subunits. Fig. 5 b shows that in the n ...
... We first investigated whether the constructs were capable of assembling into AP-3 complexes by immunoprecipitating cell extracts with an antibody against the subunit, then probing Western blots of the immunoprecipitates with antibodies against the other three subunits. Fig. 5 b shows that in the n ...
Insane in the Membrane
... What about the membrane proteins? Scientists have shown that the proteins float in that bilayer. Some of them are found on the inside of the cell and some on the outside. Other proteins cross the bilayer with one end outside of the cell and one end inside. Those proteins that cross the layer are ver ...
... What about the membrane proteins? Scientists have shown that the proteins float in that bilayer. Some of them are found on the inside of the cell and some on the outside. Other proteins cross the bilayer with one end outside of the cell and one end inside. Those proteins that cross the layer are ver ...
Contents - Hodder Education
... Cells are the basic units of life. Nothing smaller than a cell can lead an independent life and show all the characteristics of a living thing. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show examples of plant cells viewed under the microscope. Some of a plant cell’s parts can be clearly seen when the cell is mounted in ...
... Cells are the basic units of life. Nothing smaller than a cell can lead an independent life and show all the characteristics of a living thing. Figures 1.1 and 1.2 show examples of plant cells viewed under the microscope. Some of a plant cell’s parts can be clearly seen when the cell is mounted in ...
Integrins and cell differentiation
... Altogether, these results lead to a model in which integrinmediated adhesion plays a role in regulating tendon cell differentiation by modulating the activity of the Egfr pathway at the level of its ligand Vein. ...
... Altogether, these results lead to a model in which integrinmediated adhesion plays a role in regulating tendon cell differentiation by modulating the activity of the Egfr pathway at the level of its ligand Vein. ...
Theory notes task worksheets etc answers
... A worksheet is a single sheet of rows and columns in a workbook. It consists of all of the cells on that single sheet 1b. Give an example of the use of worksheets within a business context Any suitable example e.g. a different worksheet for each month of the year to keep track of expenses; a differe ...
... A worksheet is a single sheet of rows and columns in a workbook. It consists of all of the cells on that single sheet 1b. Give an example of the use of worksheets within a business context Any suitable example e.g. a different worksheet for each month of the year to keep track of expenses; a differe ...
Division Cycle in Yeast
... (3). First, there may be a direct causal of events in the cell cycle taken two at connection between one event and the a time. It is quite possible that the cell next. In this case, it would be neces- cycle is controlled by a combination of sary for the earlier event in the cycle the two models, wit ...
... (3). First, there may be a direct causal of events in the cell cycle taken two at connection between one event and the a time. It is quite possible that the cell next. In this case, it would be neces- cycle is controlled by a combination of sary for the earlier event in the cycle the two models, wit ...
in Thymocytes and Mature T Cells Transduction Pathways to Induce
... lucocorticoids (GCs)3 are a class of steroid hormones that exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antineoplastic activities, including the ability to induce apoptosis in T and B lymphocytes (1). This property of GCs is widely exploited to treat neoplastic disorders such as l ...
... lucocorticoids (GCs)3 are a class of steroid hormones that exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antineoplastic activities, including the ability to induce apoptosis in T and B lymphocytes (1). This property of GCs is widely exploited to treat neoplastic disorders such as l ...
Reactivity of murine cytokine fusion toxin, diphtheria toxin390-murine
... there are IL-3R expressed on primitive progenitor cells.’”’ It is known that IL-3 supports the proliferation and terminal differentiation of multipotential and committed myeloid progenitors’* and the activation of a variety of mature myeloid IL-3 also has proliferative effects on CD10+ progenitor B ...
... there are IL-3R expressed on primitive progenitor cells.’”’ It is known that IL-3 supports the proliferation and terminal differentiation of multipotential and committed myeloid progenitors’* and the activation of a variety of mature myeloid IL-3 also has proliferative effects on CD10+ progenitor B ...
LESSON 1: PLANT CELLS
... 1) Plants use this source of energy for photosynthesis 2) When plant cells divide in half it is called __________. 3) Humans can’t make their own sugar; we have to ___. 4) Glucose is a type of _____. 5) This is produced by plants during photosynthesis. It is also used by plants during respiration. 6 ...
... 1) Plants use this source of energy for photosynthesis 2) When plant cells divide in half it is called __________. 3) Humans can’t make their own sugar; we have to ___. 4) Glucose is a type of _____. 5) This is produced by plants during photosynthesis. It is also used by plants during respiration. 6 ...
Resistance of cell membranes to different detergents - MPI
... All detergents solubilized a substantial fraction of the biotinylated plasma membrane protein. However, the different DRMs contained very different amounts of protein. For instance, Tween 20, Brij 58, and Lubrol WX produced DRMs containing ⬎10-fold more protein than DRMs prepared with Triton and CHA ...
... All detergents solubilized a substantial fraction of the biotinylated plasma membrane protein. However, the different DRMs contained very different amounts of protein. For instance, Tween 20, Brij 58, and Lubrol WX produced DRMs containing ⬎10-fold more protein than DRMs prepared with Triton and CHA ...
Production of Bacteriolytic Enzymes and Degradation
... with faster growth at the higher pH. In the second type of bacterial degradation, which we have termed bacteriolysis, the cells became thinner or distorted in shape, the walls deteriorated, and the cells gradually disintegrated into debris. This process was usually associated with more rapid growth ...
... with faster growth at the higher pH. In the second type of bacterial degradation, which we have termed bacteriolysis, the cells became thinner or distorted in shape, the walls deteriorated, and the cells gradually disintegrated into debris. This process was usually associated with more rapid growth ...
Back to the Future: Molecular Biology Meets Metabolism
... As biological scientists we aspire to understand how organisms, organs and cells work. Whenever it is possible to hone things down in a reductionist manner to a single metabolite, protein, RNA, or gene, the chances for simplicity and clarity are enhanced. This “reductionist” approach has been wildly ...
... As biological scientists we aspire to understand how organisms, organs and cells work. Whenever it is possible to hone things down in a reductionist manner to a single metabolite, protein, RNA, or gene, the chances for simplicity and clarity are enhanced. This “reductionist” approach has been wildly ...
Membrane traffic in cytokinesis - Biochemical Society Transactions
... machinery localize to the centre of the mid-body and play important roles in cytokinesis. For example, Low et al. [25] have shown that two members of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) membrane fusion machinery, syntaxin 2 and endobrevin/VAMP 8 ...
... machinery localize to the centre of the mid-body and play important roles in cytokinesis. For example, Low et al. [25] have shown that two members of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor) membrane fusion machinery, syntaxin 2 and endobrevin/VAMP 8 ...
Perifosine, an oral bioactive novel alkylphospholipid
... Figure 1. Perifosine inhibits Akt phosphorylation and induces cytotoxicity in MM cells. (A) Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and ERK in MM cell lines and tumor cells from MM patients assessed by Western blotting. Lane 1 indicates MM.1S; 2, MM.1R; 3, U266; 4, INA-6; 5, RPMI8226; 6, LR5; 7, Dox ...
... Figure 1. Perifosine inhibits Akt phosphorylation and induces cytotoxicity in MM cells. (A) Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and ERK in MM cell lines and tumor cells from MM patients assessed by Western blotting. Lane 1 indicates MM.1S; 2, MM.1R; 3, U266; 4, INA-6; 5, RPMI8226; 6, LR5; 7, Dox ...
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation isa cell changes from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type, such as during cell growth. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types. Differentiation continues in adulthood as adult stem cells divide and create fully differentiated daughter cells during tissue repair and during normal cell turnover. Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics. With a few exceptions, cellular differentiation almost never involves a change in the DNA sequence itself. Thus, different cells can have very different physical characteristics despite having the same genome.A cell that can differentiate into all cell types of the adult organism is known as pluripotent. Such cells are called embryonic stem cells in animals and meristematic cells in higher plants. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types, including the placental tissue, is known as totipotent. In mammals, only the zygote and subsequent blastomeres are totipotent, while in plants many differentiated cells can become totipotent with simple laboratory techniques. In cytopathology, the level of cellular differentiation is used as a measure of cancer progression. ""Grade"" is a marker of how differentiated a cell in a tumor is.