24.1 The Study of Light
... As the dough rises, raisins that were farther apart travel a greater distance in the same time as those that were closer together. Like galaxies in an expanding universe, the distant raisins move away from one another more rapidly than those that are near one another. ...
... As the dough rises, raisins that were farther apart travel a greater distance in the same time as those that were closer together. Like galaxies in an expanding universe, the distant raisins move away from one another more rapidly than those that are near one another. ...
- Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
... Photons in CMBR come from surface of last scattering – where they stop interacting with matter and travel freely through space CMBR photons emanate from a cosmic photosphere – like the surface of the Sun – except that we inside it looking out The cosmic photosphere has a temperature which characteri ...
... Photons in CMBR come from surface of last scattering – where they stop interacting with matter and travel freely through space CMBR photons emanate from a cosmic photosphere – like the surface of the Sun – except that we inside it looking out The cosmic photosphere has a temperature which characteri ...
Name: Video Listening Guide – “Michio Kaku: The Universe in a
... 7. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion different from Aristotle’s view because Aristotle thought objects quick moving because ____________________________________________________. 8. Michael Faraday worked in the field of ________________________________________. 9. ______________________ is an electromagnet ...
... 7. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion different from Aristotle’s view because Aristotle thought objects quick moving because ____________________________________________________. 8. Michael Faraday worked in the field of ________________________________________. 9. ______________________ is an electromagnet ...
Hypothesis vs. Theory ~The Big Bang
... Most of us have some awareness that we are part of a system of planets encircling a star we call the Sun, and that we are part of a galaxy called the Milky Way, but beyond that our knowledge is often sketchy, cloudy, or even just plain wrong. ...
... Most of us have some awareness that we are part of a system of planets encircling a star we call the Sun, and that we are part of a galaxy called the Milky Way, but beyond that our knowledge is often sketchy, cloudy, or even just plain wrong. ...
Lecture 1
... Observational astronomers refer to any massive component too dim to be detected (stellar remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes) as dark matter. A more stringent definition is any massive component of the universe which doesn’t emit, absorb, or scatter light at all. The usual ...
... Observational astronomers refer to any massive component too dim to be detected (stellar remnants such as white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes) as dark matter. A more stringent definition is any massive component of the universe which doesn’t emit, absorb, or scatter light at all. The usual ...
CDFS Lecture
... The sun is our nearest example. Two nuclei of Deuterium fuse to form a Helium nucleus. Mass is lost and energy released, according to E = mc2 ...
... The sun is our nearest example. Two nuclei of Deuterium fuse to form a Helium nucleus. Mass is lost and energy released, according to E = mc2 ...
Cosmology ppt. - University of Dayton
... What is the cosmological redshift? Photons from distant galaxies are all redshifted. This is a color shift in the radiation spectrum of galaxies. The further away the galaxy the greater its redshift. This redshift is caused by the expansion of the universe - further evidence for a Big Bang. All gal ...
... What is the cosmological redshift? Photons from distant galaxies are all redshifted. This is a color shift in the radiation spectrum of galaxies. The further away the galaxy the greater its redshift. This redshift is caused by the expansion of the universe - further evidence for a Big Bang. All gal ...
Sample Writing Topics in Cosmology, Astro, and Particle Physics
... Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos in Super-K - the first deviation from the incredibly accurate Standard Theory Reactor Neutrinos - disappearing on their way out SNAP, the supernova acceleration project: is dark energy accelerating the expansion of the universe? The search for extra-dimensions at ...
... Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos in Super-K - the first deviation from the incredibly accurate Standard Theory Reactor Neutrinos - disappearing on their way out SNAP, the supernova acceleration project: is dark energy accelerating the expansion of the universe? The search for extra-dimensions at ...
AS 60 - Astronomy of the Americas
... a. As you watch it over the course of a year, an approaching galaxy will appear to grow larger in angular size on the sky b. Spectral lines of elements will be observed in the galaxy’s spectrum at greater wavelengths than those for the same elements in the lab if a galaxy is receding from us c. Spec ...
... a. As you watch it over the course of a year, an approaching galaxy will appear to grow larger in angular size on the sky b. Spectral lines of elements will be observed in the galaxy’s spectrum at greater wavelengths than those for the same elements in the lab if a galaxy is receding from us c. Spec ...
Homework 2 key: Radiation processes, Larmor formula
... (d) Assume a mean density 1012 elec/cm3 and a thickness 0.1Rsun starting at the base at the solar photosphere. What is the total radiated power? Compare with the ...
... (d) Assume a mean density 1012 elec/cm3 and a thickness 0.1Rsun starting at the base at the solar photosphere. What is the total radiated power? Compare with the ...
Solutions to HW 1-2
... encouraged. However, when you sit down to answer the questions in the homework assignment, you must submit your own answers. Please copy this word file and enter your responses below each question. Be concise but complete. Your completed homework assignments must be uploaded on Canvas by the specifi ...
... encouraged. However, when you sit down to answer the questions in the homework assignment, you must submit your own answers. Please copy this word file and enter your responses below each question. Be concise but complete. Your completed homework assignments must be uploaded on Canvas by the specifi ...
5.2.1 Doppler Hubble Toil and Trouble
... Once the first stars ignited, the Universe was no longer the same temperature throughout – we had dense regions (nebulae that gave birth to stars) heating up to thousands or millions of Kelvin, and less dense regions that continued to cool (CMB is 2.7K today) Ions, and plasma, were back. Yeah! A ...
... Once the first stars ignited, the Universe was no longer the same temperature throughout – we had dense regions (nebulae that gave birth to stars) heating up to thousands or millions of Kelvin, and less dense regions that continued to cool (CMB is 2.7K today) Ions, and plasma, were back. Yeah! A ...
The Big Bang Theory
... • 1) Many other galaxies exist (not just the milky way). • 2) All galaxies are getting farther apart from each other (2 evidences support this theory). This means that the universe is expanding and this was most likely caused by the big bang. ...
... • 1) Many other galaxies exist (not just the milky way). • 2) All galaxies are getting farther apart from each other (2 evidences support this theory). This means that the universe is expanding and this was most likely caused by the big bang. ...
Big Bang
... – Total mass+energy has critical density • Ordinary matter ~ 4.4% of total • Total matter is ~ 27% of total – Dark matter is ~ 23% of total – Dark energy is ~ 73% of total • Age of 13.7 billion years In excellent agreement with observations of present-day universe and models involving inflation and ...
... – Total mass+energy has critical density • Ordinary matter ~ 4.4% of total • Total matter is ~ 27% of total – Dark matter is ~ 23% of total – Dark energy is ~ 73% of total • Age of 13.7 billion years In excellent agreement with observations of present-day universe and models involving inflation and ...
Document
... galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance (the redshift). The big bang was initially suggested because it explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. The theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiatio ...
... galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance (the redshift). The big bang was initially suggested because it explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. The theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiatio ...
The Big Bang Theory
... Red shift - as light from distant galaxies approach earth there is an increase of space between earth and the galaxy, which leads to wavelengths being stretched In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, discovered a noise of extraterrestrial origin that came from all directions at once radiation left ...
... Red shift - as light from distant galaxies approach earth there is an increase of space between earth and the galaxy, which leads to wavelengths being stretched In 1964, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, discovered a noise of extraterrestrial origin that came from all directions at once radiation left ...
Galaxy map hints at fractal universe
... But according to their paper, Sylos Labini's team says the Bull's-eye effect is only relevant on very small scales, about 16 million light years and below, and has no influence on the clumpiness at the large scales in question. Melott disagrees, saying it should magnify clumpiness at any scale. But ...
... But according to their paper, Sylos Labini's team says the Bull's-eye effect is only relevant on very small scales, about 16 million light years and below, and has no influence on the clumpiness at the large scales in question. Melott disagrees, saying it should magnify clumpiness at any scale. But ...
Document
... galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance (the redshift). The big bang was initially suggested because it explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. The theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiatio ...
... galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance (the redshift). The big bang was initially suggested because it explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. The theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiatio ...
wdm_shanghai_Mayinzhe
... • Standard CDM model can fit most of the large scale observations quite well, but on small scales it cannot provide a good match of the ...
... • Standard CDM model can fit most of the large scale observations quite well, but on small scales it cannot provide a good match of the ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.