ASTR100 Class 01 - University of Maryland Astronomy
... Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favour fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice ...
... Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favour fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice ...
Chapter 14 Origins
... This question may involve a small amount of research on your part. It has taken some time to discover all of the quarks shown in table 14.2, because they do not all have the same mass. In fact, some have much more mass than others, and these were the difficult ones to discover. Find out which was th ...
... This question may involve a small amount of research on your part. It has taken some time to discover all of the quarks shown in table 14.2, because they do not all have the same mass. In fact, some have much more mass than others, and these were the difficult ones to discover. Find out which was th ...
P1 - Foundation
... The theory states that about 13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the Universe began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion, and it is still expanding today. Evidence for the Big Bang includes: • all the galaxies are moving away from us (red shift) • the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is ...
... The theory states that about 13.7 billion years ago all the matter in the Universe began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion, and it is still expanding today. Evidence for the Big Bang includes: • all the galaxies are moving away from us (red shift) • the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is ...
Questions
... B. Not enough MACHOs, and conflict with CMB measurements C. Evidence was found for WIMPs and axions D. We did not consider them carefully enough ...
... B. Not enough MACHOs, and conflict with CMB measurements C. Evidence was found for WIMPs and axions D. We did not consider them carefully enough ...
Big Bang Quiz
... a) The temperature of space in the universe is 0 Kelvin. b) A tiny amount of heat left over from the Big Bang is spread around the universe. c) Galaxies and the space between them are the same temperature. d) There is no evidence for the Big Bang beyond the expanding universe. ...
... a) The temperature of space in the universe is 0 Kelvin. b) A tiny amount of heat left over from the Big Bang is spread around the universe. c) Galaxies and the space between them are the same temperature. d) There is no evidence for the Big Bang beyond the expanding universe. ...
Rachel Henning
... Kelvin. After 1 second, the Universe becomes transparent to neutrinos, which from now on hardly interact further with matter. ...
... Kelvin. After 1 second, the Universe becomes transparent to neutrinos, which from now on hardly interact further with matter. ...
Why Study Cosmic Near Infrared Background? (1-4um)
... Doppler effect is example of “secondary anisotropy” in CMB ...
... Doppler effect is example of “secondary anisotropy” in CMB ...
Word - Sam Davyson
... between the stars and us. This idea can be mimicked in the laboratory with a light box, a lux meter and a measuring rule. Taking measurements and plotting them reveals a linear relationship between light intensity and the reciprocal of the distance squared. It turns out that they are in fact proport ...
... between the stars and us. This idea can be mimicked in the laboratory with a light box, a lux meter and a measuring rule. Taking measurements and plotting them reveals a linear relationship between light intensity and the reciprocal of the distance squared. It turns out that they are in fact proport ...
GE: Friday morning *Cosmology and general relativity: the evolution
... Visual and Causal Horizons Uncertainty Principles ...
... Visual and Causal Horizons Uncertainty Principles ...
God and Cosmology - Evidence for Christianity
... “If one does not believe in providential design, but still thinks the fine-tuning needs some explanation, there is another perspective – a highly speculative one, so I should reiterate my health warning at this stage. It is the one I much prefer, however, even though in our present state of knowledg ...
... “If one does not believe in providential design, but still thinks the fine-tuning needs some explanation, there is another perspective – a highly speculative one, so I should reiterate my health warning at this stage. It is the one I much prefer, however, even though in our present state of knowledg ...
A time travel of 14 billion years
... •Since that moment the Universe expanded and cooled down. Ordered structures were formed: nuclei, atoms, galaxies, planets…and human beings. ...
... •Since that moment the Universe expanded and cooled down. Ordered structures were formed: nuclei, atoms, galaxies, planets…and human beings. ...
Our Incredible Universe
... forces that created the universe. These forces actually created space and time along with all that we see around us today. During a tiny fraction of the first second, the universe went through a short period of rapidly accelerating faster-than-light expansion called “inflation.” This initial expansi ...
... forces that created the universe. These forces actually created space and time along with all that we see around us today. During a tiny fraction of the first second, the universe went through a short period of rapidly accelerating faster-than-light expansion called “inflation.” This initial expansi ...
The Cosmic Dawn : Physics of the First Luminous Objects
... One of the paramount problems in modern cosmology is to elucidate how the first generation of luminous objects, stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and galaxies, shaped the early universe at the end of the cosmic dark ages. According to the modern theory of cosmological structure formation, the hiera ...
... One of the paramount problems in modern cosmology is to elucidate how the first generation of luminous objects, stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and galaxies, shaped the early universe at the end of the cosmic dark ages. According to the modern theory of cosmological structure formation, the hiera ...
The Origins of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, or Big Bang is the
... when hydrogen and helium nuclei were created. After 380 thousand years the expanding Universe cooled down sufficiently for getting electrons attached to atomic nuclei; thus neutral atoms of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium and boron were stable for the first time. After 200 million years first g ...
... when hydrogen and helium nuclei were created. After 380 thousand years the expanding Universe cooled down sufficiently for getting electrons attached to atomic nuclei; thus neutral atoms of hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium and boron were stable for the first time. After 200 million years first g ...
THE BIG BANG
... Edwin Hubble, who started out as a lazy, rich kid, became one of the most important of all astronomers. ...
... Edwin Hubble, who started out as a lazy, rich kid, became one of the most important of all astronomers. ...
Redshift takes us from 2-D to 3-D
... – Matter and antimatter should be created in exactly equal amounts, but they weren’t (by a tiny bit). • The Creation Problem – How did spacetime suddenly spring into being, with lots of mass and energy, and violently expand? ...
... – Matter and antimatter should be created in exactly equal amounts, but they weren’t (by a tiny bit). • The Creation Problem – How did spacetime suddenly spring into being, with lots of mass and energy, and violently expand? ...
Lesson 01 - Big Bang Theory
... if all runners start the race at the same point, then the faster runner would always be ahead of the slower runner. If runners started at different points (ie. a slower runner having a head start) then a slower runner could be ahead of a faster one ...
... if all runners start the race at the same point, then the faster runner would always be ahead of the slower runner. If runners started at different points (ie. a slower runner having a head start) then a slower runner could be ahead of a faster one ...
Presentation - Science in the News
... After a while , the universe was cool enough for the electrons to the atoms for the first time, releasing light Billions of years later they've reached us as a uniform distribution on the sky. This is a map of that radiation. ...
... After a while , the universe was cool enough for the electrons to the atoms for the first time, releasing light Billions of years later they've reached us as a uniform distribution on the sky. This is a map of that radiation. ...
Powerpoint
... B. The Steady State Theory - The belief that the universe doesn’t change with time but more matter is added to the universe as it expands. • Popular during the 1950s and 1960s • The universe had no beginning and has no end (no big bang) C. Inflationary Theory - predicts that there was a sudden e ...
... B. The Steady State Theory - The belief that the universe doesn’t change with time but more matter is added to the universe as it expands. • Popular during the 1950s and 1960s • The universe had no beginning and has no end (no big bang) C. Inflationary Theory - predicts that there was a sudden e ...
Astro Review - Blank - Mayfield City Schools
... 3. ___d_ apparent shift toward shorter wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves toward the Viewer 5. ___a_ sum of all space, matter and energy 6. ___g_ matter not visible through current methods, but observable through gravitational interactions between galaxies 7. ___b_ apparent shift towa ...
... 3. ___d_ apparent shift toward shorter wavelengths of light when a luminous object moves toward the Viewer 5. ___a_ sum of all space, matter and energy 6. ___g_ matter not visible through current methods, but observable through gravitational interactions between galaxies 7. ___b_ apparent shift towa ...
How the universe began
... • Blow up a balloon with spots all over it – all the spots get further away from each other ...
... • Blow up a balloon with spots all over it – all the spots get further away from each other ...
3OriginoftheUniverseandSS
... Inflationary Theory - predicts that there was a sudden expansion when the universe was very young, more extreme than predicted by the big bang theory! • Considered to be a “revised” Big Bang theory • The universe expanded and cooled until about 10-35 second after the big bang when it became so cool ...
... Inflationary Theory - predicts that there was a sudden expansion when the universe was very young, more extreme than predicted by the big bang theory! • Considered to be a “revised” Big Bang theory • The universe expanded and cooled until about 10-35 second after the big bang when it became so cool ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.