Two Distinct Sources of Elicited Reactive Oxygen
... cell suspension cultures. Very rapid responses (within minutes) have been termed phase I (Baker and Orlandi, 1995) and have been shown to be specifically inhibited by DPI, calcium influx inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Although phase I pro ...
... cell suspension cultures. Very rapid responses (within minutes) have been termed phase I (Baker and Orlandi, 1995) and have been shown to be specifically inhibited by DPI, calcium influx inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Although phase I pro ...
Isolation of Monocyte/Macrophage Populations
... 3. Resuspend pellet at 1.0-1.5 × 107 cells/ml in serum/azide solution containing 10 µg/ml monocyte-specific MAb. Incubate 20 min at 4°C. If the MAb reacts with surface determinants on other cells, the purity of the sorted cells will be reduced. Leu M3 and Leu M5 are monocyte-specific and have low cr ...
... 3. Resuspend pellet at 1.0-1.5 × 107 cells/ml in serum/azide solution containing 10 µg/ml monocyte-specific MAb. Incubate 20 min at 4°C. If the MAb reacts with surface determinants on other cells, the purity of the sorted cells will be reduced. Leu M3 and Leu M5 are monocyte-specific and have low cr ...
Asymmetric Behavior in Stem Cells
... lineage of the cell membrane also showed that this earlier dividing, SEP-inheriting cell contributes preferentially to the embryonic part of the mouse blastocyst (Fig. 2). Another environmental cue that appears to play a role in polarity of the blastocyst is the polar body of the second meiotic divi ...
... lineage of the cell membrane also showed that this earlier dividing, SEP-inheriting cell contributes preferentially to the embryonic part of the mouse blastocyst (Fig. 2). Another environmental cue that appears to play a role in polarity of the blastocyst is the polar body of the second meiotic divi ...
Eur J - HAL
... 44 amino acid residues are ultimately removed from the amino terminus, yielding an active intermediate 48 kDa single-chain molecule. This main proteolytic activation event most likely depends on the action of cysteine lysosomal and/or aspartic proteases [10-12]. Depending on the cell type, cath-D ma ...
... 44 amino acid residues are ultimately removed from the amino terminus, yielding an active intermediate 48 kDa single-chain molecule. This main proteolytic activation event most likely depends on the action of cysteine lysosomal and/or aspartic proteases [10-12]. Depending on the cell type, cath-D ma ...
High-throughput screens for fluorescent dye discovery
... target proteins. Antibodies have other disadvantages, including intricate staining protocols, inability to penetrate cell membranes and generally high costs. Labeling proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an alternative approach that has the important advantage of being compatible with li ...
... target proteins. Antibodies have other disadvantages, including intricate staining protocols, inability to penetrate cell membranes and generally high costs. Labeling proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an alternative approach that has the important advantage of being compatible with li ...
Potential effect of spliceosome inhibition in small cell lung
... therapeutic vulnerability in MYC-driven breast cancers, we evaluated the efficacy of a spliceosome inhibitor in SCLC cell lines and analyzed the correlation with MYC status. Among 23 SCLC cell lines examined, eight showed high MYC protein expression (> 80% positive cells) by immunohistochemistry (IH ...
... therapeutic vulnerability in MYC-driven breast cancers, we evaluated the efficacy of a spliceosome inhibitor in SCLC cell lines and analyzed the correlation with MYC status. Among 23 SCLC cell lines examined, eight showed high MYC protein expression (> 80% positive cells) by immunohistochemistry (IH ...
9) Senescence and programmed cell death (PCD)
... Hypothesis „die now“ – signal „die now“ is continuously present – cells, tissues, organs respond to it in the moment when their individual program gives the command. Signal „die now“ of particular cells can induce senescence in other cells. ...
... Hypothesis „die now“ – signal „die now“ is continuously present – cells, tissues, organs respond to it in the moment when their individual program gives the command. Signal „die now“ of particular cells can induce senescence in other cells. ...
Thinking about Bacillus subtilis as a multicellular organism
... Yet exactly what nutritional signals are the key for matrix production remain unknown. However, genetic studies have yielded clues about how the synthesis of SinI is regulated. The central regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, acts as an activator of sinI transcription [28]. Not surprisingly, spo0A mutan ...
... Yet exactly what nutritional signals are the key for matrix production remain unknown. However, genetic studies have yielded clues about how the synthesis of SinI is regulated. The central regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, acts as an activator of sinI transcription [28]. Not surprisingly, spo0A mutan ...
Oxidative Stress: Antagonistic Signaling for
... Straus et al., 2010). However, at some point, the spread of lesions is contained and the signaling changes to produce a response that pushes the cell into defense mode. This raises the threshold beyond which cell death can occur and instead triggers resistance or acclimation. This signaling is assoc ...
... Straus et al., 2010). However, at some point, the spread of lesions is contained and the signaling changes to produce a response that pushes the cell into defense mode. This raises the threshold beyond which cell death can occur and instead triggers resistance or acclimation. This signaling is assoc ...
The Tumor Microenvironment Contribution to
... effectively control cancer, we need to consider tumorigenesis and tumor progression not as a cell autonomous, cancer cell-centered condition, but rather as a disease involving complex heterotypic multicellular interactions within a newly formed tissue, the cancerous tissue. In fact a solid tumor is ...
... effectively control cancer, we need to consider tumorigenesis and tumor progression not as a cell autonomous, cancer cell-centered condition, but rather as a disease involving complex heterotypic multicellular interactions within a newly formed tissue, the cancerous tissue. In fact a solid tumor is ...
Designing cell lines for viral vaccine production: where do we stand?
... and veterinary vaccines. Insect cell lines that are typically used for recombinant protein production or VLPs are not in the scope of this review. Throughout, new options that become available with such designed cell lines are highlighted. 2 Established cell lines used for vaccine production Many of ...
... and veterinary vaccines. Insect cell lines that are typically used for recombinant protein production or VLPs are not in the scope of this review. Throughout, new options that become available with such designed cell lines are highlighted. 2 Established cell lines used for vaccine production Many of ...
Multicellular life cycle of magnetotactic prokaryotes
... magnetic moment of another cell in the opposite side of the organism. In contrast, the components of the magnetic moments parallel to the polar axis point in the same direction. Thus, the net magnetic moment of the whole organism would be generated by the sum of the individual cell magnetic moment p ...
... magnetic moment of another cell in the opposite side of the organism. In contrast, the components of the magnetic moments parallel to the polar axis point in the same direction. Thus, the net magnetic moment of the whole organism would be generated by the sum of the individual cell magnetic moment p ...
PDF
... with traditional phylogenies in uniting the various annelid taxa with arthropods within Protostomia to the exclusion of vertebrates. Thus, if the urbilaterian was segmented, and assuming uniform average rates of divergence, it might be predicted that segmentation processes in annelids and arthropods ...
... with traditional phylogenies in uniting the various annelid taxa with arthropods within Protostomia to the exclusion of vertebrates. Thus, if the urbilaterian was segmented, and assuming uniform average rates of divergence, it might be predicted that segmentation processes in annelids and arthropods ...
Morphological Aspect of the Midgut of Anopheles aquasalis
... substances through the membrane (Hecker et al.; Houk, 1977); some electron dense vesicles in the cytoplasm, Anopheles sp. has a large number of apical vesicles in the epithelial cells before blood feeding (Staubli et al.; Hecker), the content of these vesicles could represent precursors of the perit ...
... substances through the membrane (Hecker et al.; Houk, 1977); some electron dense vesicles in the cytoplasm, Anopheles sp. has a large number of apical vesicles in the epithelial cells before blood feeding (Staubli et al.; Hecker), the content of these vesicles could represent precursors of the perit ...
Cue-Signal-Response Analysis of TNF-Induced
... events represent one source of information on death and survival signals. Similarly, measurement of protein abundance captures important information on both intracellular signaling proteins and cytokine receptors. Finally, measurement of the cleavage states of caspases, the biochemical executors of ...
... events represent one source of information on death and survival signals. Similarly, measurement of protein abundance captures important information on both intracellular signaling proteins and cytokine receptors. Finally, measurement of the cleavage states of caspases, the biochemical executors of ...
Cellular Computing
... – There is evidence for abstract structure in the genetic program A hierarchy of structure in complex organisms An ability to mutuate one structure at a time Divergent implementations of the same structure – Gene expression is the means of execution ...
... – There is evidence for abstract structure in the genetic program A hierarchy of structure in complex organisms An ability to mutuate one structure at a time Divergent implementations of the same structure – Gene expression is the means of execution ...
Cell types
... Cell types Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
... Cell types Trichomes Trichomes can appear as singular "hairs" or they can be branched as seen in these two stellate trichomes. Trichome shape is indicative of a particular plant species and has been used in taxonomy to identify plants. ...
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers
... Background Flowers have a species-specific, limited life span with an irreversible programme of senescence, which is largely independent of environmental factors, unlike leaf senescence, which is much more closely linked with external stimuli. Timing Life span of the whole flower is regulated fo ...
... Background Flowers have a species-specific, limited life span with an irreversible programme of senescence, which is largely independent of environmental factors, unlike leaf senescence, which is much more closely linked with external stimuli. Timing Life span of the whole flower is regulated fo ...
Gene expression analysis uncovers similarity and differences
... forms has been suggested.1,14,15 At genetics, BL molecular hallmark is the ectopic expression of the MYC oncogene, because of reciprocal chromosomal translocations, juxtaposing MYC to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH@) locus [(t(8;14)(q24;q32)] or the or light chain loci [(t(2;8)(p12;q24) and ...
... forms has been suggested.1,14,15 At genetics, BL molecular hallmark is the ectopic expression of the MYC oncogene, because of reciprocal chromosomal translocations, juxtaposing MYC to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH@) locus [(t(8;14)(q24;q32)] or the or light chain loci [(t(2;8)(p12;q24) and ...
Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its b
... degradation while autophagy permits the elimination of large protein complexes and entire organelles or microorganisms, allowing the turnover of all cellular components (Nakatogawa et al., 2009; Ravid and Hochstrasser, 2008). Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles ca ...
... degradation while autophagy permits the elimination of large protein complexes and entire organelles or microorganisms, allowing the turnover of all cellular components (Nakatogawa et al., 2009; Ravid and Hochstrasser, 2008). Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles ca ...
emboj2011361-sup
... collected through the same objective lens and passed through a dichroic and bandpass filter (560DRLP & 595AF60 for rhodamine or 505DRLP & 535AF45 for GFP; Omega Optical, Brattleboro, VT, USA) to be imaged onto an intensified CCD camera (PTI IC-300, PTI Inc., Ford, West Sussex, UK). Spatial calibrati ...
... collected through the same objective lens and passed through a dichroic and bandpass filter (560DRLP & 595AF60 for rhodamine or 505DRLP & 535AF45 for GFP; Omega Optical, Brattleboro, VT, USA) to be imaged onto an intensified CCD camera (PTI IC-300, PTI Inc., Ford, West Sussex, UK). Spatial calibrati ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).