Diffusion, Osmosis, and Movement across a Membrane
... In AP biology, we do NOT assume that the solution being described as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic is on the outside of the cell. It could be inside the cell as well! Therefore, we cannot always use the same memory tricks, so we have to remember the definitions given at the top of the page for ...
... In AP biology, we do NOT assume that the solution being described as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic is on the outside of the cell. It could be inside the cell as well! Therefore, we cannot always use the same memory tricks, so we have to remember the definitions given at the top of the page for ...
The origin of the endothelial cells
... Fig. 1. Relationships between the circulatory system and the coelomic epithelium. (A) Hemal space (H) between the endodermal epithelium of the gut (EN) and a layer of myoepithelial cells (ME) in an oligochaete annelid. Note the presence of amoebocytes (arrows) adhered to the basement membranes of bo ...
... Fig. 1. Relationships between the circulatory system and the coelomic epithelium. (A) Hemal space (H) between the endodermal epithelium of the gut (EN) and a layer of myoepithelial cells (ME) in an oligochaete annelid. Note the presence of amoebocytes (arrows) adhered to the basement membranes of bo ...
The Cell Cycle
... Much of the work leading to the discovery and clarification of by numerous landmark achievements in tissue culturing, ultracen these processes was completed in simple, eukaryotic organisms, like trifugation, X-ray crystallography, protein electrophoresis, mono budding or fission yeast. Extrapolation ...
... Much of the work leading to the discovery and clarification of by numerous landmark achievements in tissue culturing, ultracen these processes was completed in simple, eukaryotic organisms, like trifugation, X-ray crystallography, protein electrophoresis, mono budding or fission yeast. Extrapolation ...
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish - MPI
... KEY WORDS: Enveloping layer, Epiboly, Organizer, Organogenesis, Kupffer’s vesicle, Left-right asymmetry, Zebrafish ...
... KEY WORDS: Enveloping layer, Epiboly, Organizer, Organogenesis, Kupffer’s vesicle, Left-right asymmetry, Zebrafish ...
The Localization and Secretion of a Proteolytic
... I '0; ZnSO,. 7H,O, 0.007; and either casein or casein hydrolysate, 20: the latter acted as both carbon and nitrogen source. Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, was present at 0.05 M. Assay fur pruteulytic activity. The method used was that of Anson (1938) as modified by Kunitz (1947). The reaction mixture con ...
... I '0; ZnSO,. 7H,O, 0.007; and either casein or casein hydrolysate, 20: the latter acted as both carbon and nitrogen source. Phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, was present at 0.05 M. Assay fur pruteulytic activity. The method used was that of Anson (1938) as modified by Kunitz (1947). The reaction mixture con ...
Potentiometric measurement of intracellular redox activity.
... of menadione to menadiol. (B) Hypothetical menadione reaction cycle. Menadione (M) diffuses into a cell, where it is reduced to menadiol (MH2). Menadiol (MH2) then diffuses out of the cell and reacts with ferricyanide, labeled for simplicity Fe(III), converting it into ferrocyanide, labeled Fe(II), ...
... of menadione to menadiol. (B) Hypothetical menadione reaction cycle. Menadione (M) diffuses into a cell, where it is reduced to menadiol (MH2). Menadiol (MH2) then diffuses out of the cell and reacts with ferricyanide, labeled for simplicity Fe(III), converting it into ferrocyanide, labeled Fe(II), ...
The use of isotope-coded affinity tags (ICAT)
... (tandem MS) and Edman degradation (see [3] for a review of MS in proteomics). Of these, 30 lumenal proteins were identified, as well as 32 proteins that are associated with the thylakoid membrane on the stromal side. Also, 12 proteins that were of unknown location were identified, as well as six non ...
... (tandem MS) and Edman degradation (see [3] for a review of MS in proteomics). Of these, 30 lumenal proteins were identified, as well as 32 proteins that are associated with the thylakoid membrane on the stromal side. Also, 12 proteins that were of unknown location were identified, as well as six non ...
1 • The esophagus is a tubular organ that conveys food from the
... • The parietal cells, secreting hydrochloric acid, whose cytoplasm stains deeply red with eosin, are large spherical or pyramidal in shape and occupy a peripheral position with their tapering apical ends. Sometimes they bulge on the outer surface of the glands. Each of them contains a single large r ...
... • The parietal cells, secreting hydrochloric acid, whose cytoplasm stains deeply red with eosin, are large spherical or pyramidal in shape and occupy a peripheral position with their tapering apical ends. Sometimes they bulge on the outer surface of the glands. Each of them contains a single large r ...
Conference Matrices
... • The solution depends on the curl resolution: • A is circulant and symmetric matrix in the top left corner (excluding the two borders), • the right square G=[C D; D* C] is based on the two flipinversed (or shifted) sequences, • D* is a circulant cell shifted a few times. • The poor structures use o ...
... • The solution depends on the curl resolution: • A is circulant and symmetric matrix in the top left corner (excluding the two borders), • the right square G=[C D; D* C] is based on the two flipinversed (or shifted) sequences, • D* is a circulant cell shifted a few times. • The poor structures use o ...
Developmental roles of Rhomboid proteases
... Rhomboid proteins have emerged as one of the most tantalizing and diverse families of proteases. Gene duplication events and structural alterations have sculpted the varied roles of this protein family, maintaining a conserved structural core throughout the bacterial, plant and animal kingdoms. Unre ...
... Rhomboid proteins have emerged as one of the most tantalizing and diverse families of proteases. Gene duplication events and structural alterations have sculpted the varied roles of this protein family, maintaining a conserved structural core throughout the bacterial, plant and animal kingdoms. Unre ...
Targets of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors: Key for
... ERK (MAPK), p38, and JNK (SAPK) are translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus where they phosphorylate and activate many substrates including such transcriptional factors as Elk1, Ets1*, Ets2*, Jun*, ATF2, Tcf, etc. This causes activation of other transcription factors. For example, formation ...
... ERK (MAPK), p38, and JNK (SAPK) are translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus where they phosphorylate and activate many substrates including such transcriptional factors as Elk1, Ets1*, Ets2*, Jun*, ATF2, Tcf, etc. This causes activation of other transcription factors. For example, formation ...
Bone Remodeling, Particle Disease and Individual Susceptibility to
... 2005). Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, their precursors and other present cells are engaged in cell-cell interactions via a variety of mechanisms including secretion of long-range (hormones) and short-range signalling molecules (BMP-2, Wnt, M-CSF, RANKL, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ), and direct cell-cell conta ...
... 2005). Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, their precursors and other present cells are engaged in cell-cell interactions via a variety of mechanisms including secretion of long-range (hormones) and short-range signalling molecules (BMP-2, Wnt, M-CSF, RANKL, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ), and direct cell-cell conta ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
... the need for both cell cycle types for successful RKN reproduction (de Almeida Engler et al., 2012). Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 1 ...
... the need for both cell cycle types for successful RKN reproduction (de Almeida Engler et al., 2012). Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 1 ...
npgrj_nmeth_1134 1..3
... For analysis of Rab11A we generated a that endogenous TgMyoA is downregulated post-translationally. It dominant negative version of TgRab11A (N126I), which inactivates thus appears that ectopic overexpression of TgMyoA results in the GTPase domain. Upon stable transfection of ddFKBPcompetition for i ...
... For analysis of Rab11A we generated a that endogenous TgMyoA is downregulated post-translationally. It dominant negative version of TgRab11A (N126I), which inactivates thus appears that ectopic overexpression of TgMyoA results in the GTPase domain. Upon stable transfection of ddFKBPcompetition for i ...
The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic
... two layers of the bilayer have different compositions of these. Moreover the transmembrane proteins have definite orientations within the bilayer, and the portions protruding on either side have different amino acid compositions and tertiary structures. Other proteins are also associated with membra ...
... two layers of the bilayer have different compositions of these. Moreover the transmembrane proteins have definite orientations within the bilayer, and the portions protruding on either side have different amino acid compositions and tertiary structures. Other proteins are also associated with membra ...
Document
... They may make their own growth factor They may convey a growth factor’s signal without the presence of the growth factor ...
... They may make their own growth factor They may convey a growth factor’s signal without the presence of the growth factor ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... process of DC “reticulation” dramatically increases cell surface area and spatial reach, thus enhancing the likelihood of their contact with Ag-specific T cells and other DC. Importantly, the ability of DC to reticulate in response to CD40L is imprinted during maturation by exposure to type 1 inflam ...
... process of DC “reticulation” dramatically increases cell surface area and spatial reach, thus enhancing the likelihood of their contact with Ag-specific T cells and other DC. Importantly, the ability of DC to reticulate in response to CD40L is imprinted during maturation by exposure to type 1 inflam ...
Two Distinct Sources of Elicited Reactive Oxygen
... cell suspension cultures. Very rapid responses (within minutes) have been termed phase I (Baker and Orlandi, 1995) and have been shown to be specifically inhibited by DPI, calcium influx inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Although phase I pro ...
... cell suspension cultures. Very rapid responses (within minutes) have been termed phase I (Baker and Orlandi, 1995) and have been shown to be specifically inhibited by DPI, calcium influx inhibitors, and kinase inhibitors (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Hammond-Kosack and Jones, 1996). Although phase I pro ...
1 Cell polarity and asymmetric cell division: the C. elegans early
... Anna Noatynska and Monica Gotta1 Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland ...
... Anna Noatynska and Monica Gotta1 Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland ...
Chapter 1, Introduction to Human Anatomy/physiology
... ANABOLISM: Phase of metabolism that uses the energy from CATABOLISM to build up the BODY'S STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS. It is also ...
... ANABOLISM: Phase of metabolism that uses the energy from CATABOLISM to build up the BODY'S STRUCTURAL and FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS. It is also ...
PDF
... distributions of cytoplasmic constituents have been described in the early development of many species (reviewed in Davidson 1986; Wilson 1925). It is postulated that these cytoplasmic rearrangements localize fate-determining substances (determinants) to specific regions within a fertilized egg that ...
... distributions of cytoplasmic constituents have been described in the early development of many species (reviewed in Davidson 1986; Wilson 1925). It is postulated that these cytoplasmic rearrangements localize fate-determining substances (determinants) to specific regions within a fertilized egg that ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).