emboj2011361-sup
... collected through the same objective lens and passed through a dichroic and bandpass filter (560DRLP & 595AF60 for rhodamine or 505DRLP & 535AF45 for GFP; Omega Optical, Brattleboro, VT, USA) to be imaged onto an intensified CCD camera (PTI IC-300, PTI Inc., Ford, West Sussex, UK). Spatial calibrati ...
... collected through the same objective lens and passed through a dichroic and bandpass filter (560DRLP & 595AF60 for rhodamine or 505DRLP & 535AF45 for GFP; Omega Optical, Brattleboro, VT, USA) to be imaged onto an intensified CCD camera (PTI IC-300, PTI Inc., Ford, West Sussex, UK). Spatial calibrati ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
... Cilia and flagella are the motile appendages of eukaryotic cells • Cilia: appear in large numbers on surfaces and are shorter than flagella (2‐10 µm) • Flagella: appear usually as a single cell appendage and are longer than cilia (10‐200 µm) • Cilia can either move a unicellular eukaryote forward ( ...
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom, and it
... process is a balance between ECM synthesis and degradation. The degradation of collagens and other ECM components is accomplished by a family of MMPs, which are dependent on zinc ions for their activity. MMPs include interstitial collagenases, which cleave fibrillar collagen (MMP-1,-2 and -3); gelat ...
... process is a balance between ECM synthesis and degradation. The degradation of collagens and other ECM components is accomplished by a family of MMPs, which are dependent on zinc ions for their activity. MMPs include interstitial collagenases, which cleave fibrillar collagen (MMP-1,-2 and -3); gelat ...
REVIEW Use and Application of Stem Cells in Toxicology
... CYP2D6 is expressed at 16% of that found in a normal human liver. The observation of mature hepatic functions in PDSCderived hepatocytes suggests that these cells could be useful in any process where adult human hepatocytes are currently utilized, including toxicology and drug metabolism studies and ...
... CYP2D6 is expressed at 16% of that found in a normal human liver. The observation of mature hepatic functions in PDSCderived hepatocytes suggests that these cells could be useful in any process where adult human hepatocytes are currently utilized, including toxicology and drug metabolism studies and ...
7-2 cell parts
... The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement within the cell. The cytoskeleton is made up of: ...
... The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement within the cell. The cytoskeleton is made up of: ...
High Expression of the Tonoplast Aquaporin
... through xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes that have no real membrane barriers to such transport. In contrast, water and solutes that enter these principal conduits pass through living tissues and may encounter membrane barriers when they follow the transcellular path. Cell-to-cell flow can be a m ...
... through xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes that have no real membrane barriers to such transport. In contrast, water and solutes that enter these principal conduits pass through living tissues and may encounter membrane barriers when they follow the transcellular path. Cell-to-cell flow can be a m ...
Cannibalism and fratricide: mechanisms and raisons d`être
... are small (20–40 amino acids) post-translationally modified peptides that contain unusual amino acids such as lanthionine, whereas class II bacteriocins consist of unmodified peptides or small proteins with molecular masses below 10 kDa. Common mechanisms of action for the peptide bacteriocins are t ...
... are small (20–40 amino acids) post-translationally modified peptides that contain unusual amino acids such as lanthionine, whereas class II bacteriocins consist of unmodified peptides or small proteins with molecular masses below 10 kDa. Common mechanisms of action for the peptide bacteriocins are t ...
A scanning electron microscope study of the early
... Scanning electron microscope studies, supported by transmission electron microscope and light microscope observations, have been made of the wing-bud apex in the region of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) in both normal and talpid3 mutant embryos. In normal embryos: the ectoderm consists of two lay ...
... Scanning electron microscope studies, supported by transmission electron microscope and light microscope observations, have been made of the wing-bud apex in the region of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) in both normal and talpid3 mutant embryos. In normal embryos: the ectoderm consists of two lay ...
... Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments responsible for the red, purple or blue color of the flowers, seeds, fruits and leaves of plants [1]. Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoids and are glycosides of anthocyanidin, i.e. they consist of an anthocyanidin molecule which is joins to a sugar m ...
Microtubule and F-actin dynamics at the division site in living
... either Rh-phalloidin or carboxyfluorescein-labelled tubulin. An issue that needs to be addressed at the outset is whether these experimental manipulations affect the course of cell development. Two types of evidence indicate that the images we have obtained depict cytoskeletal arrangements similar t ...
... either Rh-phalloidin or carboxyfluorescein-labelled tubulin. An issue that needs to be addressed at the outset is whether these experimental manipulations affect the course of cell development. Two types of evidence indicate that the images we have obtained depict cytoskeletal arrangements similar t ...
Drosophila asymmetric division, polarity and cancer - e
... first, more basally later, and until shortly before mitosis, it slows down near the basal cortex, recruits PCM and organizes the second mitotic aster. Thus, the two centrosomes of an NB are very different structurally and functionally. They are also unequal in fate as the apical centrosome remains in ...
... first, more basally later, and until shortly before mitosis, it slows down near the basal cortex, recruits PCM and organizes the second mitotic aster. Thus, the two centrosomes of an NB are very different structurally and functionally. They are also unequal in fate as the apical centrosome remains in ...
physiological and chemical architecture of a lobster ganglion with
... At the outset our problem was to find the efferent neurons among all the cells in the ganglion (Fig. 3) and to determine the function of each. Efferent excitatory cells were found relatively easily because a visible muscle contraction usually appeared when they were stimulated intracellularly with a ...
... At the outset our problem was to find the efferent neurons among all the cells in the ganglion (Fig. 3) and to determine the function of each. Efferent excitatory cells were found relatively easily because a visible muscle contraction usually appeared when they were stimulated intracellularly with a ...
Sensing of Osmotic Pressure Changes in Tomato Cells
... enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis. This array of stress symptoms is well known from cultured plant cells treated with microbial elicitors. Compared with elicitor treatment, induction of responses by hyperosmotic shock was slow and occurred only after increases of approximately 200,000 Pa in osmotic pr ...
... enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis. This array of stress symptoms is well known from cultured plant cells treated with microbial elicitors. Compared with elicitor treatment, induction of responses by hyperosmotic shock was slow and occurred only after increases of approximately 200,000 Pa in osmotic pr ...
Structural development and bioactive content of red bulb plant
... bioactive compounds in plants is influenced by 3 main factors: heredity (genetic make up), ontogeny (developmental stages) and environment. The hereditary factor causes quantitative and qualitative changes, while the other two factors cause mainly quantitative change. Synthesis of secondary metaboli ...
... bioactive compounds in plants is influenced by 3 main factors: heredity (genetic make up), ontogeny (developmental stages) and environment. The hereditary factor causes quantitative and qualitative changes, while the other two factors cause mainly quantitative change. Synthesis of secondary metaboli ...
Chapter 2 The Microsporangium and the Pollen Grain
... still present beneath it. Similar microtnbules have also been reported (at this stage) in Olea and Helleborus. The microtubules are normally concurrent with the orientation of cellulose fibrils during early stages of pollen-wall formation or its subsequent modification, owing to differential thicken ...
... still present beneath it. Similar microtnbules have also been reported (at this stage) in Olea and Helleborus. The microtubules are normally concurrent with the orientation of cellulose fibrils during early stages of pollen-wall formation or its subsequent modification, owing to differential thicken ...
TI-VAMP/VAMP7 and VAMP3/cellubrevin: two v
... between autophagy and MVBs at the molecular level (for a review, see Fader and Colombo and Rusten and Simonsen [32,33]). Protein trafficking in the endocytic and secretory pathway requires a series of events including cargo selection and vesicle budding at the donor organelle, followed by transport, ...
... between autophagy and MVBs at the molecular level (for a review, see Fader and Colombo and Rusten and Simonsen [32,33]). Protein trafficking in the endocytic and secretory pathway requires a series of events including cargo selection and vesicle budding at the donor organelle, followed by transport, ...
Characterization of the Mineral Phosphate-Solubilizing
... solubilization of inorganic P occurred just after the glucose stopped being consumed and/or oxidized into GA, and (c) a positive correlation between P solubilization and culture growth (= biomass production) was observed, both in the presence of Ca3(PO4)2 and RP (see below), suggesting a solubilizat ...
... solubilization of inorganic P occurred just after the glucose stopped being consumed and/or oxidized into GA, and (c) a positive correlation between P solubilization and culture growth (= biomass production) was observed, both in the presence of Ca3(PO4)2 and RP (see below), suggesting a solubilizat ...
The blood-air barrier is formed by
... Fortunately, synthesis of surfactant can be induced by administration of glucocorticoids, a medication used in cases of respiratory distress syndrome. Recently, surfactant has also been suggested to have a bactericidal effect, aiding in the removal of potentially dangerous bacteria that reach the al ...
... Fortunately, synthesis of surfactant can be induced by administration of glucocorticoids, a medication used in cases of respiratory distress syndrome. Recently, surfactant has also been suggested to have a bactericidal effect, aiding in the removal of potentially dangerous bacteria that reach the al ...
Document
... i. Intracellular fluid – fluid that’s inside the cells ii. Extracellular fluid - on the outside of the cells (can be divided into 2 further compartments that are separated by the capillary endothelium) 1. Inside the capillaries are blood plasma, the RBC’s, and leukocytes. 2. You also have the inters ...
... i. Intracellular fluid – fluid that’s inside the cells ii. Extracellular fluid - on the outside of the cells (can be divided into 2 further compartments that are separated by the capillary endothelium) 1. Inside the capillaries are blood plasma, the RBC’s, and leukocytes. 2. You also have the inters ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... by the activity of the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role in cytokinesis in plants. From the onset of phragmoplast initiation to the maturation of the cell plate, delivery of secretory vesicles is necessary to sustain successful daughter cell separation. Tethering of secretory vesicles at the plasm ...
... by the activity of the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role in cytokinesis in plants. From the onset of phragmoplast initiation to the maturation of the cell plate, delivery of secretory vesicles is necessary to sustain successful daughter cell separation. Tethering of secretory vesicles at the plasm ...
mrsa
... wall synthesis. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cells cannot maintain their shape in changing osmotic conditions. This puts significant selective pressure on the microbes to evolve, as they cannot survive the osmotic stress. Any microbe that can resist these drugs will survive and reproduce more, ...
... wall synthesis. Without a cell wall, the bacterial cells cannot maintain their shape in changing osmotic conditions. This puts significant selective pressure on the microbes to evolve, as they cannot survive the osmotic stress. Any microbe that can resist these drugs will survive and reproduce more, ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).