Math Primer - UMass Amherst
... The Universe: The nearest star is 4 light years away; The mass of a massive black hole is about 108 solar mass (1 solar mass is about 2*1030 Kg) The age of the Universe is about 14 billion years ...
... The Universe: The nearest star is 4 light years away; The mass of a massive black hole is about 108 solar mass (1 solar mass is about 2*1030 Kg) The age of the Universe is about 14 billion years ...
The Universe and Galactic Formation
... Galaxy: A collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity ...
... Galaxy: A collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity ...
Section 19.3
... implies the universe must have been smaller in the past than it is today. It implies that the universe must have had a beginning. Astronomers today believe the universe exploded outward from a single point. This idea is known as the Big Bang theory. ...
... implies the universe must have been smaller in the past than it is today. It implies that the universe must have had a beginning. Astronomers today believe the universe exploded outward from a single point. This idea is known as the Big Bang theory. ...
How many atoms make up the universe?
... • the Universe has about 5x1068 x 8x1010 = 4x1079 hydrogen atoms in the Universe But this is definately a lower limit calculation, and ignores many possible atom sources ...
... • the Universe has about 5x1068 x 8x1010 = 4x1079 hydrogen atoms in the Universe But this is definately a lower limit calculation, and ignores many possible atom sources ...
WEDNESDAY JULY 1
... Discuss: In what ways does the Sun interact with Earth? Think-Pair-Share: Sunspots appear dark because… A- they are not giving off light B- light is being absorbed in an outer layer of the Sun C- they are cooler than the surrounding regions D- the Sun’s light is being absorbed by magneti ...
... Discuss: In what ways does the Sun interact with Earth? Think-Pair-Share: Sunspots appear dark because… A- they are not giving off light B- light is being absorbed in an outer layer of the Sun C- they are cooler than the surrounding regions D- the Sun’s light is being absorbed by magneti ...
The cosmology of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler
... Science , Universe and Society (YR 1): Midterm assessment ...
... Science , Universe and Society (YR 1): Midterm assessment ...
chapter23 - Montgomery College
... according to the Big Bang theory? – As the universe cooled, particle production stopped, leaving matter instead of antimatter – Fusion turned remaining neutrons into helium – Radiation traveled freely after formation of atoms ...
... according to the Big Bang theory? – As the universe cooled, particle production stopped, leaving matter instead of antimatter – Fusion turned remaining neutrons into helium – Radiation traveled freely after formation of atoms ...
powerpoint
... observer) light source emits radiation with a wavelength (the green wave). If that same source is moving towards the observer, the waves get compressed and the wavelength is less than (the blue wave). If the source is moving away from the observer, the waves are stretched out and the wavelength ...
... observer) light source emits radiation with a wavelength (the green wave). If that same source is moving towards the observer, the waves get compressed and the wavelength is less than (the blue wave). If the source is moving away from the observer, the waves are stretched out and the wavelength ...
The Early Universe PowerPoint
... • Mass & energy formed during inflation • Most matter & antimatter annihilated each other • Neutrinos & helium are primordial fireball relics • Galaxies formed from early density variations • Grand Unified Theories unite all physical forces ...
... • Mass & energy formed during inflation • Most matter & antimatter annihilated each other • Neutrinos & helium are primordial fireball relics • Galaxies formed from early density variations • Grand Unified Theories unite all physical forces ...
0708 - Astronomy
... The marks drawn on the balloon also expand (they shouldn’t, as galaxies are held by gravity) The balloon may not expand uniformly (especially if not inflated ...
... The marks drawn on the balloon also expand (they shouldn’t, as galaxies are held by gravity) The balloon may not expand uniformly (especially if not inflated ...
Lecture 1
... On large scales, the universe is isotropic and homogeneous. Saying the universe is isotropic means that there are no preferred directions in the universe. Saying the universe is homogeneous means that there are no preferred locations in the universe. Note that homogeneity does not imply isotropy, an ...
... On large scales, the universe is isotropic and homogeneous. Saying the universe is isotropic means that there are no preferred directions in the universe. Saying the universe is homogeneous means that there are no preferred locations in the universe. Note that homogeneity does not imply isotropy, an ...
Image Credit - Northwestern University
... The Answer: From the Cosmic Microwave Background (WMAP), we can intuit the percentages of normal matter, dark matter and ...
... The Answer: From the Cosmic Microwave Background (WMAP), we can intuit the percentages of normal matter, dark matter and ...
![cosmology[1] - KarenConnerEnglishIV](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002375580_1-efbe19cf7c791439d3765f11461d68f5-300x300.png)
cosmology[1] - KarenConnerEnglishIV
... shining stars in the blackness of space. But is the space empty? In the 1950s a young American scientist discovered that stars in rotating spiral galaxies seem to be held together by an unseen force. Vera Rubin proposed the idea that the space between the stars was filled with invisible stuff she ca ...
... shining stars in the blackness of space. But is the space empty? In the 1950s a young American scientist discovered that stars in rotating spiral galaxies seem to be held together by an unseen force. Vera Rubin proposed the idea that the space between the stars was filled with invisible stuff she ca ...
Olbers` Paradox
... change position; there is no preferred position in the universe (translational invariance) • Isotropic -> no difference when we look at a different direction • Examples: Surface of uniform cylinder is homogeneous but not isotropic- what about the surface of a sphere – or chessboard ? • Cosmological ...
... change position; there is no preferred position in the universe (translational invariance) • Isotropic -> no difference when we look at a different direction • Examples: Surface of uniform cylinder is homogeneous but not isotropic- what about the surface of a sphere – or chessboard ? • Cosmological ...
History of the Universe and Solar System
... No, gravitational forces have slowed down the galaxies since the Big Bang. (Note: Recent observations suggest this was the case for the first 2/3 of the Universe’s history. The expansion rate now seems to have increased for the last 1/3 of the Universe’s history. This is explained by “dark phantom e ...
... No, gravitational forces have slowed down the galaxies since the Big Bang. (Note: Recent observations suggest this was the case for the first 2/3 of the Universe’s history. The expansion rate now seems to have increased for the last 1/3 of the Universe’s history. This is explained by “dark phantom e ...
AGN-Hubble
... slope of the line now. If it’s really constant, then the age of the Universe is just 1/H [since H=v/D=(d/t)/d]. That’s because if you know how fast we are expanding, you can run the movie backwards and see when everything crunches together. If the Universe is slowing its expansion, you get a younger ...
... slope of the line now. If it’s really constant, then the age of the Universe is just 1/H [since H=v/D=(d/t)/d]. That’s because if you know how fast we are expanding, you can run the movie backwards and see when everything crunches together. If the Universe is slowing its expansion, you get a younger ...
5.2.1 Doppler Hubble Toil and Trouble
... Once the background temperature of the Universe dropped below 3000K (about half the surface temperature of the Sun), electrons finally combined with nuclei to form the first atoms. As they did so, they released photons. It is this light (now red-shifted beyond what our eyes can see) that Penzias ...
... Once the background temperature of the Universe dropped below 3000K (about half the surface temperature of the Sun), electrons finally combined with nuclei to form the first atoms. As they did so, they released photons. It is this light (now red-shifted beyond what our eyes can see) that Penzias ...
Center of the Universe Card Sort
... The sun is the center of the universe. The planets orbit the sun in circular orbits. ...
... The sun is the center of the universe. The planets orbit the sun in circular orbits. ...
August 29 - Astronomy
... The struggle to avoid collapse When the hydrogen in the core runs out, the star starts to collapse again and becomes even hotter. If the star is massive enough it will become hot enough to fuse helium into carbon. ...
... The struggle to avoid collapse When the hydrogen in the core runs out, the star starts to collapse again and becomes even hotter. If the star is massive enough it will become hot enough to fuse helium into carbon. ...
The Cosmic Dawn : Physics of the First Luminous Objects
... stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and galaxies, shaped the early universe at the end of the cosmic dark ages. According to the modern theory of cosmological structure formation, the hierarchical assembly of dark matter (DM) halos provided the gravitational potential wells that allowed gas to form s ...
... stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and galaxies, shaped the early universe at the end of the cosmic dark ages. According to the modern theory of cosmological structure formation, the hierarchical assembly of dark matter (DM) halos provided the gravitational potential wells that allowed gas to form s ...
The Origin, Evolution, and Fate of the Universe
... the same temperature everywhere and in every direction. However, it also shows tiny fluctuations: these grew to form galaxies and clusters today. We see the `seeds of today s galaxies and clusters! ...
... the same temperature everywhere and in every direction. However, it also shows tiny fluctuations: these grew to form galaxies and clusters today. We see the `seeds of today s galaxies and clusters! ...
LAST YEAR`S EXAM
... critical density (i.e. determine !rad). Given that the current baryon density is !B=0.02h-2 , determine the ratio between between the number densities of photons and baryons. (8 marks) If the Universe is 4x1017 seconds old, determine the age of the Universe at the time of matter-radiation equality. ...
... critical density (i.e. determine !rad). Given that the current baryon density is !B=0.02h-2 , determine the ratio between between the number densities of photons and baryons. (8 marks) If the Universe is 4x1017 seconds old, determine the age of the Universe at the time of matter-radiation equality. ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.