Lecture 21-Hot Big Bang
... was initially very hot as well as very dense. 2) In the Hot Big Bang model, hydrogen was initially ionized and opaque. 3) The Cosmic Microwave Background is a relic of the hot early universe. ...
... was initially very hot as well as very dense. 2) In the Hot Big Bang model, hydrogen was initially ionized and opaque. 3) The Cosmic Microwave Background is a relic of the hot early universe. ...
Document
... Fate of the universe! “Most abundant and weirdest stuff in the universe” Is this mysterious dark energy Einstein’s original cosmological constant ? ...
... Fate of the universe! “Most abundant and weirdest stuff in the universe” Is this mysterious dark energy Einstein’s original cosmological constant ? ...
The Evolution of the Universe and the formation of Black Holes
... Evolution implies a gradual transition from one state to another, from the simple towards the complex, from the lower towards the higher and vice versa. In the universe, that would presume the transfer of mass into energy and the other way around. Such a process takes place when all forms of energy ...
... Evolution implies a gradual transition from one state to another, from the simple towards the complex, from the lower towards the higher and vice versa. In the universe, that would presume the transfer of mass into energy and the other way around. Such a process takes place when all forms of energy ...
Document
... Philosophy • Understand the process of scientific investigation. • Learn some astronomy. The details are not so important, the fact that we have been able to learn so much about the Universe is a more important point. ...
... Philosophy • Understand the process of scientific investigation. • Learn some astronomy. The details are not so important, the fact that we have been able to learn so much about the Universe is a more important point. ...
Cosmology Fact Sheet
... how bright it is, then you have the beginning of a “standard candle”. If you can recognize this same type of star, only much further away (using chemical composition found by spectral lines, or some other method), then simply by measuring the brightness of the star and knowing the rate at which e-m ...
... how bright it is, then you have the beginning of a “standard candle”. If you can recognize this same type of star, only much further away (using chemical composition found by spectral lines, or some other method), then simply by measuring the brightness of the star and knowing the rate at which e-m ...
lecture1
... – Galileo’s observations of sun spots proved that the heavens are not time-invariant – Hubble’s measurement of galaxy redshifts showed that the Universe is not static – High speed motions of stars in galaxies show that either we do not understand gravity or that there is a large amount of “dark matt ...
... – Galileo’s observations of sun spots proved that the heavens are not time-invariant – Hubble’s measurement of galaxy redshifts showed that the Universe is not static – High speed motions of stars in galaxies show that either we do not understand gravity or that there is a large amount of “dark matt ...
The Expanding Universe
... The universe started with a sudden appearance of energy which consequently became matter and is now everything around us. There were two theories regarding the universe The Steady State Universe: where the universe had always been and would always continue to be in existence. The Created Universe: w ...
... The universe started with a sudden appearance of energy which consequently became matter and is now everything around us. There were two theories regarding the universe The Steady State Universe: where the universe had always been and would always continue to be in existence. The Created Universe: w ...
Lecture #2 - University of Maryland Department of Astronomy
... Explain harmony of music through harmony of numbers Harmonious 3:2 ratio perfect fifth; discord e.g. 15:37 Not all notes are allowed Only certain notes can be played on a string of fixed length; most are excluded ...
... Explain harmony of music through harmony of numbers Harmonious 3:2 ratio perfect fifth; discord e.g. 15:37 Not all notes are allowed Only certain notes can be played on a string of fixed length; most are excluded ...
2.5.4 astronomical distances Parallax and Distances to Stars
... Another shell, at 2r, has the same density of stars, so has 4 times as many star in the shell but we receive ¼ of the light from each star due to the inverse square law. Therefore, we receive the same intensity of light from each shell. This means that we receive starlight from all directions at all ...
... Another shell, at 2r, has the same density of stars, so has 4 times as many star in the shell but we receive ¼ of the light from each star due to the inverse square law. Therefore, we receive the same intensity of light from each shell. This means that we receive starlight from all directions at all ...
Distant galaxies and quasars The ages of things Light
... • Quasars (the most luminous Active Galactic Nuclei, or AGN) have evolved dramatically over cosmic time • Because they are easy to see to large distances, this (unlike galaxy evolution) has been clearly known for several decades • In the past they were both much more numerous and substantially more ...
... • Quasars (the most luminous Active Galactic Nuclei, or AGN) have evolved dramatically over cosmic time • Because they are easy to see to large distances, this (unlike galaxy evolution) has been clearly known for several decades • In the past they were both much more numerous and substantially more ...
Theory of the Infinite Universe
... the universe is lopsided; dark energy is pushing the universe apart; time is slowing down; and black holes are portals to other universes. ...
... the universe is lopsided; dark energy is pushing the universe apart; time is slowing down; and black holes are portals to other universes. ...
Presentation - Science in the News
... intensely energetic expansion and has since been expanding outward, cooling off. Eventually, protons and electrons combined to form hydrogen and some helium and minute traces of heavier “metals.” – Observational evidence that the early universe was much hotter and denser – Most of what we see is hyd ...
... intensely energetic expansion and has since been expanding outward, cooling off. Eventually, protons and electrons combined to form hydrogen and some helium and minute traces of heavier “metals.” – Observational evidence that the early universe was much hotter and denser – Most of what we see is hyd ...
Introduction to the Earth
... New Insights into the Big Bang Recent mapping of microwave and temperature variations suggest that the Universe may be flat – not spherical! ...
... New Insights into the Big Bang Recent mapping of microwave and temperature variations suggest that the Universe may be flat – not spherical! ...
Earth science big bang study guide Students will
... Earth science big bang study guide Students will know the following: ...
... Earth science big bang study guide Students will know the following: ...
Outline of the Course - UH Institute for Astronomy
... The objective of this course is to help you develop a basic knowledge of the universe we live in. However, learning the ‘facts’ should not be the sole purpose of this course. The scientific methods we employed to develop our vision of the universe is also an important subject. It is important to kee ...
... The objective of this course is to help you develop a basic knowledge of the universe we live in. However, learning the ‘facts’ should not be the sole purpose of this course. The scientific methods we employed to develop our vision of the universe is also an important subject. It is important to kee ...
Gamma-Ray Bursts
... Ranking second only behind the Big Bang, Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions known to occur in our Universe. These milliseconds to minutes lasting flashes of gamma-ray photons, the most energetic form of light, release as much energy in their short duration as our Sun will in it ...
... Ranking second only behind the Big Bang, Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions known to occur in our Universe. These milliseconds to minutes lasting flashes of gamma-ray photons, the most energetic form of light, release as much energy in their short duration as our Sun will in it ...
Lecture 24 Early Universe - University of Maryland
... – This was a big problem with old cosmological models that didn’t include dark energy: • e.g age of the universe in M =1, k =0, =0 model is 9 billion years • But there are globular star clusters whose estimated ages are 12-14 billion years! • This was troubling since universe must be at least as ...
... – This was a big problem with old cosmological models that didn’t include dark energy: • e.g age of the universe in M =1, k =0, =0 model is 9 billion years • But there are globular star clusters whose estimated ages are 12-14 billion years! • This was troubling since universe must be at least as ...
Universe and Galaxy Short Study Guide
... Match each item with the correct statement below. a. inflationary universe e. steady-state theory b. cosmology f. Hubble constant c. Big Bang theory g. active galactic nucleus d. cosmic background radiation h. superclusters ____ 7. Core of a galaxy in which highly energetic objects or activities are ...
... Match each item with the correct statement below. a. inflationary universe e. steady-state theory b. cosmology f. Hubble constant c. Big Bang theory g. active galactic nucleus d. cosmic background radiation h. superclusters ____ 7. Core of a galaxy in which highly energetic objects or activities are ...
The Universe - The Ohio State University
... up quark to form a neutron. Protons and neutrons are referred to as nucleons. Baryons also refer to protons and neutrons. Particles were at random motions at relativistic speeds and particle-antiparticle pairs of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions. The process cont ...
... up quark to form a neutron. Protons and neutrons are referred to as nucleons. Baryons also refer to protons and neutrons. Particles were at random motions at relativistic speeds and particle-antiparticle pairs of all kinds were being continuously created and destroyed in collisions. The process cont ...
Our Place In the Universe
... How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was like in the past? Can we see the entire universe? ...
... How did we come to be? How can we know what the universe was like in the past? Can we see the entire universe? ...
Physics116_L42
... (“Should be” represents the case where the Hubble expansion is linear, or unaccelerated. That is, redshift is strictly proportional to distance.) ...
... (“Should be” represents the case where the Hubble expansion is linear, or unaccelerated. That is, redshift is strictly proportional to distance.) ...
Chap 18 Cosmology v2
... which time superclusters and smaller clumps of matter formed. Today it is dark-energy-dominated. Dark energy of some sort supplies a repulsive gravitational force that causes superclusters to accelerate away from each other. Astronomers think that during the first 379,000 years of the universe, matt ...
... which time superclusters and smaller clumps of matter formed. Today it is dark-energy-dominated. Dark energy of some sort supplies a repulsive gravitational force that causes superclusters to accelerate away from each other. Astronomers think that during the first 379,000 years of the universe, matt ...
HST Observations of the
... knowing how bright they appeared and relating them to other Cepheid stars which were used as standard candles, we can estimate the distance to the galaxies. calculated estimates have the nearest galaxies within the HDF approximately ...
... knowing how bright they appeared and relating them to other Cepheid stars which were used as standard candles, we can estimate the distance to the galaxies. calculated estimates have the nearest galaxies within the HDF approximately ...
Take Home #1 Complete the following on your own paper. Do not
... A. Scientists usually work in direct competition with each other. B. Scientists often build upon the evidence gathered by other scientists. C. Scientists work individually and do not usually interact with each other. D. Scientists each have jobs where they study completely different areas of science ...
... A. Scientists usually work in direct competition with each other. B. Scientists often build upon the evidence gathered by other scientists. C. Scientists work individually and do not usually interact with each other. D. Scientists each have jobs where they study completely different areas of science ...
Take Home #1 Complete the following on your own paper. Do not
... A. Scientists usually work in direct competition with each other. B. Scientists often build upon the evidence gathered by other scientists. C. Scientists work individually and do not usually interact with each other. D. Scientists each have jobs where they study completely different areas of science ...
... A. Scientists usually work in direct competition with each other. B. Scientists often build upon the evidence gathered by other scientists. C. Scientists work individually and do not usually interact with each other. D. Scientists each have jobs where they study completely different areas of science ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.