physics
... 5. How does the diffraction limit the resolving power of an optical instrument? 6. What is a wavefront? What is the geometrical shape of the wavefront of light emerging out of a convex lens, when a point source is placed at its focus? 7. A ray of light is incident on the surface of a spherical glass ...
... 5. How does the diffraction limit the resolving power of an optical instrument? 6. What is a wavefront? What is the geometrical shape of the wavefront of light emerging out of a convex lens, when a point source is placed at its focus? 7. A ray of light is incident on the surface of a spherical glass ...
Optimization of axial resolution in a confocal microscope with
... with D-shaped apertures exhibits a poorer axial resolution than in the conventional confocal microscope with circular apertures, the behavior is different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of ...
... with D-shaped apertures exhibits a poorer axial resolution than in the conventional confocal microscope with circular apertures, the behavior is different with a finite-sized detector. It is of practical significance that for a given finite-sized detector there is an optimum configuration (value of ...
Optical Coherence Tomography
... Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive morphological technique based on optical interferometry [1] involving the employment of a beam of light with a limited coherence length. It provides a micro-scale spatial resolution in both lateral and axial direction, while maintaining a longer s ...
... Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive morphological technique based on optical interferometry [1] involving the employment of a beam of light with a limited coherence length. It provides a micro-scale spatial resolution in both lateral and axial direction, while maintaining a longer s ...
Electro-Optic Ceramics
... Neutral filters are filters that transmit equally across a broad bandwidth, and appear brown or grey. Polarizers are used to filter out photons of a given polarization or orientation. Color filters are used to transmit selectively light of certain frequency or bandwidth with a minimum of attenuati ...
... Neutral filters are filters that transmit equally across a broad bandwidth, and appear brown or grey. Polarizers are used to filter out photons of a given polarization or orientation. Color filters are used to transmit selectively light of certain frequency or bandwidth with a minimum of attenuati ...
Introduction to Optical Engineering and Design ENSC 376
... interaction with materials is discussed beginning with reflection, refraction, and scattering. Then it will look at basic reflection (mirror) optical elements, followed by refractive optics (wedges, lenses). The human eye is considered as an optical system. Then we look optical systems created by mu ...
... interaction with materials is discussed beginning with reflection, refraction, and scattering. Then it will look at basic reflection (mirror) optical elements, followed by refractive optics (wedges, lenses). The human eye is considered as an optical system. Then we look optical systems created by mu ...
Resolution scaling in STED microscopy
... dark and bright states, to achieve such resolutions have since been demonstrated [8-13]. At the same time, STED has been applied to a multitude of imaging tasks [14-17] mainly in biology and more recently, STED microscopes have become commercially available. The resolution achieved by such a far-fie ...
... dark and bright states, to achieve such resolutions have since been demonstrated [8-13]. At the same time, STED has been applied to a multitude of imaging tasks [14-17] mainly in biology and more recently, STED microscopes have become commercially available. The resolution achieved by such a far-fie ...
Light Rays
... “Is light a wave or a particle?” The particle model of light (Newton’s Particle Model): - Light was considered to be a stream of particles. - Newton held that particles were emitted from a light source &they stimulated the sight sense upon entering the eye. - Reflection and refraction can be explai ...
... “Is light a wave or a particle?” The particle model of light (Newton’s Particle Model): - Light was considered to be a stream of particles. - Newton held that particles were emitted from a light source &they stimulated the sight sense upon entering the eye. - Reflection and refraction can be explai ...
5.2 Optical Instruments Optical systems Camera Limitations of Lens
... • For refracting optics there are problems of chromatic and spherical aberration. • Problems in precision in constructing the refracting and reflecting surfaces. • Diffraction – A basic problems having to do with the wave nature of light (discussed next) ...
... • For refracting optics there are problems of chromatic and spherical aberration. • Problems in precision in constructing the refracting and reflecting surfaces. • Diffraction – A basic problems having to do with the wave nature of light (discussed next) ...
Quantitative Analysis Spectroscope #CQ$ 42581
... But the electromagnetic spectrum doesn’t stop there! It continues beyond the visible into higher energies with ultra violet, x-rays, and gamma rays. It also extends below red into lower energies with infra red, and radio waves. ...
... But the electromagnetic spectrum doesn’t stop there! It continues beyond the visible into higher energies with ultra violet, x-rays, and gamma rays. It also extends below red into lower energies with infra red, and radio waves. ...
10-SNC2D-ConcaveContinued-10
... and the mirror, the image will always be located somewhere on the opposite side of the mirror. - The image is upright. - The image is larger. - The image is virtual. This is because the rays diverge and our brain extrapolates the rays backwards to where they appear to originate. ...
... and the mirror, the image will always be located somewhere on the opposite side of the mirror. - The image is upright. - The image is larger. - The image is virtual. This is because the rays diverge and our brain extrapolates the rays backwards to where they appear to originate. ...
Frequency Domain capture of light fields using Heterodyning
... called aliasing and this usually leads to visually obtrusive artifacts like ghosting. In our camera, when the bandlimit assumption is not valid in the spatial dimension, the energy in the higher spatial frequencies of the light field masquerade as energy in the lower angular dimensions. No purely sp ...
... called aliasing and this usually leads to visually obtrusive artifacts like ghosting. In our camera, when the bandlimit assumption is not valid in the spatial dimension, the energy in the higher spatial frequencies of the light field masquerade as energy in the lower angular dimensions. No purely sp ...
Telescopes
... • Clouds, rain, and snow don’t interfere • Observations at an entirely different frequency; get totally different information ...
... • Clouds, rain, and snow don’t interfere • Observations at an entirely different frequency; get totally different information ...
Minimized speckle noise in lens-less holographic projection by pixel
... persistent difficulties with laser eye-safety and strong image flickering. On the other hand the holographic projection provides stable images formed by strongly divergent wavefronts, which ensures a completely safe operation. From the point of view of energetic efficiency, the utilization of 8-bit ...
... persistent difficulties with laser eye-safety and strong image flickering. On the other hand the holographic projection provides stable images formed by strongly divergent wavefronts, which ensures a completely safe operation. From the point of view of energetic efficiency, the utilization of 8-bit ...
Atomic_spectra
... brought to the slit of the spectrophotometer. The light passing through the slit is reflected off of a collimating mirror and sent to the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating disperses the parallel beams of light into their component wavelengths. Each different wavelength comes off of the gr ...
... brought to the slit of the spectrophotometer. The light passing through the slit is reflected off of a collimating mirror and sent to the diffraction grating. The diffraction grating disperses the parallel beams of light into their component wavelengths. Each different wavelength comes off of the gr ...
Detection of Bacteriochlorophyll-containing Micro
... a Zeiss slider which fits into the microscope tube above the objectives. It was held in place in the slider with a snap ring to prevent edge diffraction. The film was loaded in a Nikon camera (Nikon, New York, U.S.A.) and exposures of 10 to 15 min were used to record the fluorescence image. When des ...
... a Zeiss slider which fits into the microscope tube above the objectives. It was held in place in the slider with a snap ring to prevent edge diffraction. The film was loaded in a Nikon camera (Nikon, New York, U.S.A.) and exposures of 10 to 15 min were used to record the fluorescence image. When des ...
Interferometric back focal plane microellipsometry
... from the interferograms. In Eq. ~13!, In is the measured intensity at each pixel in the nth frame. Two sets of interferogram data are recorded per d measurement: The first has input polarization orthogonal to that of the second. The difference in the two resulting phase maps is calculated to obtain ...
... from the interferograms. In Eq. ~13!, In is the measured intensity at each pixel in the nth frame. Two sets of interferogram data are recorded per d measurement: The first has input polarization orthogonal to that of the second. The difference in the two resulting phase maps is calculated to obtain ...
Chapter 25
... The cornea and lens do not have sufficient focusing power to bring nearby objects into focus on the retina Condition can be corrected with converging lenses ...
... The cornea and lens do not have sufficient focusing power to bring nearby objects into focus on the retina Condition can be corrected with converging lenses ...
MEMS-based handheld confocal microscope for in
... confocal configurations provide increased axial resolution over single axis counterparts, but suffer from decreased collection efficiency due to low NA collection optics [16][17]. High NA objective lenses for endoscopic confocal microscopes have been developed [18][19], but they are designed for us ...
... confocal configurations provide increased axial resolution over single axis counterparts, but suffer from decreased collection efficiency due to low NA collection optics [16][17]. High NA objective lenses for endoscopic confocal microscopes have been developed [18][19], but they are designed for us ...
startest
... experience, and the visual examination of a point image should be a dynamic process. The observer probes through focus and across the field to determine the type, direction, and magnitude of aberrations present. For ease of carrying out the test, the magnifying power should be such that the smallest ...
... experience, and the visual examination of a point image should be a dynamic process. The observer probes through focus and across the field to determine the type, direction, and magnitude of aberrations present. For ease of carrying out the test, the magnifying power should be such that the smallest ...
Near-perfect hologram reconstruction with a spatial light modulator
... the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the desired holographic image (optionally superposed with a parabolic phase term to control the imaging distance) onto an incoming wave. However, in practice the “imprinting process” is difficult. One reason for this is that the twodimensional Fourier transfo ...
... the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the desired holographic image (optionally superposed with a parabolic phase term to control the imaging distance) onto an incoming wave. However, in practice the “imprinting process” is difficult. One reason for this is that the twodimensional Fourier transfo ...
Microscope Basics
... for each eyepiece lens) which give the 3-D effect. On compound microscope objectives, there is printed the following information on each one – power, DIN tube length, N.A., cover slip thickness, universal color ring. Tube length of the objectives usually have a DIN (interchangeable) of 185mm or 195m ...
... for each eyepiece lens) which give the 3-D effect. On compound microscope objectives, there is printed the following information on each one – power, DIN tube length, N.A., cover slip thickness, universal color ring. Tube length of the objectives usually have a DIN (interchangeable) of 185mm or 195m ...
Precision High Numerical Aperture Scanning System for
... These results can be applied to the development of custom contact lenses, or customizing the refractive corrections in Intraocular lenses (IOLs). Recently, a design methodology has been demonstrated for writing lateral gradient index microlenses into hydrogels [2]. The writing process is due to accu ...
... These results can be applied to the development of custom contact lenses, or customizing the refractive corrections in Intraocular lenses (IOLs). Recently, a design methodology has been demonstrated for writing lateral gradient index microlenses into hydrogels [2]. The writing process is due to accu ...
Improving fluorescence detection in lab on chip devices
... detection platforms, fluorescence is the workhorse—the most inexpensive and the most widely used. Fluorescence detection has many advantages. It uses small, well-characterized and generally non-perturbative labels that are amenable to conventional linking chemistries and available in a wide range of ...
... detection platforms, fluorescence is the workhorse—the most inexpensive and the most widely used. Fluorescence detection has many advantages. It uses small, well-characterized and generally non-perturbative labels that are amenable to conventional linking chemistries and available in a wide range of ...
The orbital angular momentum of plasmons caught on video
... The researchers found that two plasmons with different wavelengths could be excited — one propagated on top of the gold surface, while the other was located at the interface between the gold and the silicon substrate. ...
... The researchers found that two plasmons with different wavelengths could be excited — one propagated on top of the gold surface, while the other was located at the interface between the gold and the silicon substrate. ...
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.