Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... coregistered to the individual’s 24-slice structural MRI using a 12-parameter affine transformation. The images were then spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) template (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) by applying a 12-parameter affine transformation followed by a nonlinear w ...
... coregistered to the individual’s 24-slice structural MRI using a 12-parameter affine transformation. The images were then spatially normalized to the Montreal Neurologic Institute (MNI) template (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) by applying a 12-parameter affine transformation followed by a nonlinear w ...
Topography of Visual Cortex Connections with Frontal Eye Field in
... Neurosurgery, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland, and 3Cerveau et Vision, INSERM 371, 69500 Bron, France ...
... Neurosurgery, University Hospital, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland, and 3Cerveau et Vision, INSERM 371, 69500 Bron, France ...
Morshed, Trisha
... It is of interest that these phenomena are observed in diseases involving differing pathogenetic mechanisms. AD is believed to result from a cascade of events involving first the abnormal cortical deposition of amyloid‐β protein, followed by a series of inflammatory events, and resulting in the f ...
... It is of interest that these phenomena are observed in diseases involving differing pathogenetic mechanisms. AD is believed to result from a cascade of events involving first the abnormal cortical deposition of amyloid‐β protein, followed by a series of inflammatory events, and resulting in the f ...
Spinogenesis and pruning in the primary auditory
... the same as those from which data were sampled in our previous studies in visual and granular prefrontal cortex (Elston et al., 2009a,b), thus allowing direct comparisons among data. We selected these age groups for study specifically because 3 weeks of age correlates with the window of the critical ...
... the same as those from which data were sampled in our previous studies in visual and granular prefrontal cortex (Elston et al., 2009a,b), thus allowing direct comparisons among data. We selected these age groups for study specifically because 3 weeks of age correlates with the window of the critical ...
Noun and verb retrieval by normal subjects
... of the left temporal lobe is involved in word retrieval that is separable from the temporal regions engaged by acoustic, phonological and lexical processing of heard words; and to see whether there are any differences in regional activation between the retrieval of nouns and verbs. The last comparis ...
... of the left temporal lobe is involved in word retrieval that is separable from the temporal regions engaged by acoustic, phonological and lexical processing of heard words; and to see whether there are any differences in regional activation between the retrieval of nouns and verbs. The last comparis ...
Genardi Brodmann-Detail
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
Surface-view connectivity patterns of area 18 in cats
... posterior brain blocks reflect the approximate regions of caudal cortex depicted in the flattened views. On the left in each panel is the flattened cortex for each case, with relevant landmarks, injection sites, and corresponding surface-view patterns of retrogradely-labeled cells. The contours of t ...
... posterior brain blocks reflect the approximate regions of caudal cortex depicted in the flattened views. On the left in each panel is the flattened cortex for each case, with relevant landmarks, injection sites, and corresponding surface-view patterns of retrogradely-labeled cells. The contours of t ...
directory of functions - Stress Therapy Solutions
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
Brodmann-Detail
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
... movements (horizontal saccadic eye movements). It is very interesting to note the participation of SMA in motor learning, supported by several studies. Usually it is accepted that SMA participates in initiating, maintaining, coordinating and planning complex sequences of movements performed in a par ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... past, and planning the future [13,17]. Individuals with MDD are characterized by altered patterns of DMN activity during emotion processing tasks as well as at rest. Sheline and colleagues [18] reported increased activity in MDD within DMN regions (i.e., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cing ...
... past, and planning the future [13,17]. Individuals with MDD are characterized by altered patterns of DMN activity during emotion processing tasks as well as at rest. Sheline and colleagues [18] reported increased activity in MDD within DMN regions (i.e., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cing ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... of the brain were examined for the presence of retrogradely labeled fluorescent cells. These sections were mounted directly from 0.45% saline as the brain was cut, dried at 37”C, and stored without coverslips in light-tight boxes placed in plastic bags at 4°C. Tissue preservation was aided by desicc ...
... of the brain were examined for the presence of retrogradely labeled fluorescent cells. These sections were mounted directly from 0.45% saline as the brain was cut, dried at 37”C, and stored without coverslips in light-tight boxes placed in plastic bags at 4°C. Tissue preservation was aided by desicc ...
Schizophrenia is a multi-faceted disorder with highly complex p
... III.1. The functional network for associative memory with a focus on the hippocampus and its subregions. Associative learning relies on the consolidation and retrieval of associations between diverse memoranda, sensory inputs and streams of neural activity , particularly by hippocampal and medial te ...
... III.1. The functional network for associative memory with a focus on the hippocampus and its subregions. Associative learning relies on the consolidation and retrieval of associations between diverse memoranda, sensory inputs and streams of neural activity , particularly by hippocampal and medial te ...
Chapter 12: The Central Nervous System
... • Occur in parietal lobe, insular, temporal, and occipital lobes 1. Primary Somartosensory Cortex – • In post central gyrus of parietal lobe • Neurons receive info from general (somatic) sensory receptors in the skin and proprioceptors (position sense receptors) in skeletal muscle, joints and tendon ...
... • Occur in parietal lobe, insular, temporal, and occipital lobes 1. Primary Somartosensory Cortex – • In post central gyrus of parietal lobe • Neurons receive info from general (somatic) sensory receptors in the skin and proprioceptors (position sense receptors) in skeletal muscle, joints and tendon ...
Multiple Representation in Primate SI
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
... 3b leave Area 1 unresponsive, consistent with anatomy studies that show that Area 1 receives the bulk of its input from Area 3b. These findings suggest that direct thalamic inputs to Area 1 play either a weak or a modulatory role in cutaneous information processing (Garraghty et al., 1990). In compa ...
Demonstrating the Implicit Processing of Visually Presented Words
... have legitimate word forms with semantic and phonological representations; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate visual cortex and a left prefrontal area. Pseudowords have legitimate word forms from which phonological but not semantic associations can be computed; related act ...
... have legitimate word forms with semantic and phonological representations; related activity was detected in the left medial extrastriate visual cortex and a left prefrontal area. Pseudowords have legitimate word forms from which phonological but not semantic associations can be computed; related act ...
2-2
... • The network model postulates the memory and knowledge are represented by distributed, interactive, and overlapping networks of neurons in association cortex. Such networks are cognits. • They constitute the basic units of memory or knowledge. The association cortex of post-rolandic region contains ...
... • The network model postulates the memory and knowledge are represented by distributed, interactive, and overlapping networks of neurons in association cortex. Such networks are cognits. • They constitute the basic units of memory or knowledge. The association cortex of post-rolandic region contains ...
Words in the Brain - Rice University -
... • Knowledge of how words are represented in the brain provides – the key to understanding linguistic structure – sheds light on how the brain works in general • Surprisingly, neuroscientists can’t tell us how the brain processes information – To ask them is like asking an electronic engineer how a c ...
... • Knowledge of how words are represented in the brain provides – the key to understanding linguistic structure – sheds light on how the brain works in general • Surprisingly, neuroscientists can’t tell us how the brain processes information – To ask them is like asking an electronic engineer how a c ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... The pursuit of natural rewards such as food, drink, and sex is a major external influence on human behavior. Nevertheless, the issue of how rewards affect human behavior remains primarily unresolved. There are many factors that contribute to this gap in our knowledge; however, one roadblock has been ...
... The pursuit of natural rewards such as food, drink, and sex is a major external influence on human behavior. Nevertheless, the issue of how rewards affect human behavior remains primarily unresolved. There are many factors that contribute to this gap in our knowledge; however, one roadblock has been ...
to view: Introduction to the Structure and Function of the Central
... However, the inconsistent processes of naming and identifying structures have generated several exceptions to this general guideline. Thus, for example, a large and important group of gray-matter structures deep within the forebrain is collectively called the ...
... However, the inconsistent processes of naming and identifying structures have generated several exceptions to this general guideline. Thus, for example, a large and important group of gray-matter structures deep within the forebrain is collectively called the ...
Age-related Increase in Astrocytes in the Visual Area V2 of the Cat
... Minor adjustments in the fine focus were made when necessary in order to make the images as legible as possible. However, as only the processes distributed laterally on the soma can be identified from a cross section, the process number counted in this study is a rough estimation. But the result sho ...
... Minor adjustments in the fine focus were made when necessary in order to make the images as legible as possible. However, as only the processes distributed laterally on the soma can be identified from a cross section, the process number counted in this study is a rough estimation. But the result sho ...
Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex
... Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 ...
... Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 ...
Representations in the Human Prefrontal Cortex
... testing. Innovative imaging technologies have great potential; for example, simultaneous fMRI scanning of multiple subjects (termed ‘‘hyperscanning’’) allows real-time imaging of the neural correlates of social interactions. The elucidation of genetic influences on the HPFC is also an important rese ...
... testing. Innovative imaging technologies have great potential; for example, simultaneous fMRI scanning of multiple subjects (termed ‘‘hyperscanning’’) allows real-time imaging of the neural correlates of social interactions. The elucidation of genetic influences on the HPFC is also an important rese ...
Document
... There are two major visual projection pathways from the retina to the cerebral cortex in the cat: one of these is the geniculo-striate system, which conveys information to the primary visual cortex by way of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The other is the extrageniculo-extrastriate system, in which ...
... There are two major visual projection pathways from the retina to the cerebral cortex in the cat: one of these is the geniculo-striate system, which conveys information to the primary visual cortex by way of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The other is the extrageniculo-extrastriate system, in which ...
... Some years later, a German neurologist, Carl Wernicke (1848-1905), discovered an area in the temporal lobe, which, when injured, led to a sensory impairment of language. The patients with such lesions were unable to recognize spoken words, even when they han an intact audition. Wernicke postulated t ...
Corticobasal Syndrome Associated With the A9D Progranulin Mutation
... ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography studies revealed severe cerebral cortical atr ...
... ideational apraxia, asymmetric parkinsonism, and dystonia. Subsequently, he developed limb-kinetic apraxia, left-side hemineglect, memory loss, and executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography studies revealed severe cerebral cortical atr ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.