Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... 500-600 pm in macaque) surrounding unlabeled central lacunae. Within the lattice walls there are regularly arranged punctate loci of particularly dense HRP label, appearing as isolated patches as the lattice wall labeling thins further from the injection site. Aperiodic organization has also been de ...
... 500-600 pm in macaque) surrounding unlabeled central lacunae. Within the lattice walls there are regularly arranged punctate loci of particularly dense HRP label, appearing as isolated patches as the lattice wall labeling thins further from the injection site. Aperiodic organization has also been de ...
Continuous transformation learning of translation
... local lateral inhibition within a layer to implement competition, and then some form of associative learning. We show by simulation how CT learning can be used to build translation invariant representations in a hierarchical network model (VisNet) of cortical processing in the ventral visual system, ...
... local lateral inhibition within a layer to implement competition, and then some form of associative learning. We show by simulation how CT learning can be used to build translation invariant representations in a hierarchical network model (VisNet) of cortical processing in the ventral visual system, ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This review article gives an overview of the structure and funct ...
... according to Brodmann or the functional subdivision into primary motor, supplementary motor, and lateral premotor cortex has changed in recent years. Instead, this cortical region is now regarded as a complex mosaic of different areas. This review article gives an overview of the structure and funct ...
Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections
... correlated with the cognitive control network and the DMN; the SFGdl was correlated with the cognitive execution network and the DMN; and the SFGp was correlated with the sensorimotor-related brain regions. The SFGam and SFGdl were further parcellated into three and two subclusters that are well cor ...
... correlated with the cognitive control network and the DMN; the SFGdl was correlated with the cognitive execution network and the DMN; and the SFGp was correlated with the sensorimotor-related brain regions. The SFGam and SFGdl were further parcellated into three and two subclusters that are well cor ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
The pattern of ocular dominance columns in macaque visual cortex
... -fell directly on the pale bands. Moreover, the electrode had not passed over any pale bands without a lesion being placed. It was concluded that the dark bands do correspond to single ocular dominance columns and the pale bands to the boundaries between columns. The banding appearance i s due to a ...
... -fell directly on the pale bands. Moreover, the electrode had not passed over any pale bands without a lesion being placed. It was concluded that the dark bands do correspond to single ocular dominance columns and the pale bands to the boundaries between columns. The banding appearance i s due to a ...
Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... particular response property in the cortex cannot be taken as conclusive evidence for input from 1 channel. Physiological approaches based on response latency (Maunsell and Schiller, 1984; Berson, 1985; Petersen et al., 1988) are similarly limited in that they can only provide conclusive evidence fo ...
... particular response property in the cortex cannot be taken as conclusive evidence for input from 1 channel. Physiological approaches based on response latency (Maunsell and Schiller, 1984; Berson, 1985; Petersen et al., 1988) are similarly limited in that they can only provide conclusive evidence fo ...
The Role of Temporal Structure in Human Vision
... another, nearby location. If the two events occur within 20 msec or so of one another, will they appear as a single event, namely, two stimuli occurring simultaneously at two locations? The answer is no—one readily experiences compelling apparent motion, with a unitary stimulus seen to move from the ...
... another, nearby location. If the two events occur within 20 msec or so of one another, will they appear as a single event, namely, two stimuli occurring simultaneously at two locations? The answer is no—one readily experiences compelling apparent motion, with a unitary stimulus seen to move from the ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
... An alternative reason that cuts are not perceptually salient stems from the nature of continuity editing. The purpose of continuity editing is to tell a story by creating a spatially and temporally coherent sequence of events and actions (Bordwell, 1985; Bordwell & Thompson, 2006) with the end resul ...
Neurophysiologic markers in laryngeal muscles indicate functional
... identification using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) would facilitate surgical planning and intraoperative mapping. The primary motor cortex (M1) for laryngeal muscles has a role in execution and motor speech control, while the posterior inferior frontal gyrus, namely Broca’s area, ...
... identification using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) would facilitate surgical planning and intraoperative mapping. The primary motor cortex (M1) for laryngeal muscles has a role in execution and motor speech control, while the posterior inferior frontal gyrus, namely Broca’s area, ...
Reading therapy strengthens top–down
... word taken from the preceding training block that was paired with a spoken word. In half of the testing trials the written and spoken words matched, and in the other half they were different. The patient was required to make a same/different response by button press. The advantage of the same/differ ...
... word taken from the preceding training block that was paired with a spoken word. In half of the testing trials the written and spoken words matched, and in the other half they were different. The patient was required to make a same/different response by button press. The advantage of the same/differ ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior screening of a large set of stimuli of the type known to activate differe ...
... the parafoveal objects’ edges were close to the edge of an object simultaneously presented at the fovea. This condition is termed the ‘close’ condition, because the objects were closely spaced. The stimuli were chosen in prior screening of a large set of stimuli of the type known to activate differe ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
... local brain activity. The most direct, but also invasive, way of studying brain activity in the living brain is direct single cell recording, i.e. an electrode is inserted directly into the brain. This technique is restricted to animal studies because of the invasiveness. This technique gives detail ...
... local brain activity. The most direct, but also invasive, way of studying brain activity in the living brain is direct single cell recording, i.e. an electrode is inserted directly into the brain. This technique is restricted to animal studies because of the invasiveness. This technique gives detail ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... with an evolutionarily ancient fronto-parietal network for objectdirected grasping (Rizzolatti and Fadiga, 1998) but human tool-use networks are undoubtedly more complex than macaque object-grasping networks. It has been proposed that use of “complex” tools (those that alter the functional propertie ...
... with an evolutionarily ancient fronto-parietal network for objectdirected grasping (Rizzolatti and Fadiga, 1998) but human tool-use networks are undoubtedly more complex than macaque object-grasping networks. It has been proposed that use of “complex” tools (those that alter the functional propertie ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
... of the MGE, whereas more medicoventrally located domains may generate PV ⫹ interneurons (Flames et al., 2007). These advances, however, have only explained a small fraction of the diversity that is known to be present among mature cortical interneurons. In addition to transcription factors, a number ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... hemi®eld is represented in V6. Both the central part of the visual ®eld and the periphery, up to ~ 80 ° of eccentricity, are well represented. There is a prevailing representation of the lower visual ®eld with respect to the upper one. The reasons for the under-representation of the upper visual ®el ...
... hemi®eld is represented in V6. Both the central part of the visual ®eld and the periphery, up to ~ 80 ° of eccentricity, are well represented. There is a prevailing representation of the lower visual ®eld with respect to the upper one. The reasons for the under-representation of the upper visual ®el ...
the premotor cortex of the monkey
... (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these animals. However, all of the conclusions and obse ...
... (Macaca mulatta), 7 and 9 kg, were used in the present experiments. Although the motor tasks for the two monkeys were somewhat different, the basic behavioral patterns were comparable. The description of methods and results will focus on one of these animals. However, all of the conclusions and obse ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... Present results show that area V6 is reciprocally and retinotopically interconnected with the striate cortex as well as with several extrastriate areas of the `dorsal visual stream'. All together, these cortical areas represent an occipito-parietal network able to encode and elaborate visual informa ...
... Present results show that area V6 is reciprocally and retinotopically interconnected with the striate cortex as well as with several extrastriate areas of the `dorsal visual stream'. All together, these cortical areas represent an occipito-parietal network able to encode and elaborate visual informa ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
Cholinergic Deafferentation of the Entorhinal Cortex in Rats
... 2003). Consistent with this, blockade of cholinergic receptors impairs encoding of visual stimuli for subsequent recognition performance (Aigner and Mishkin, 1986; Aigner et al., 1991; Sherman et al., 2003), and this impairment occurs selectively with local infusion of scopolamine in the perirhinal ...
... 2003). Consistent with this, blockade of cholinergic receptors impairs encoding of visual stimuli for subsequent recognition performance (Aigner and Mishkin, 1986; Aigner et al., 1991; Sherman et al., 2003), and this impairment occurs selectively with local infusion of scopolamine in the perirhinal ...
Smell, Taste, Texture, and Temperature
... responded more in a visual discrimination task to the visual stimulus that signified sweet fruit juice than to that which signified saline, or responded to sweet taste and in an olfactory discrimination task to fruit odor. The different types of neurons (unimodal in different modalities and multimodal ...
... responded more in a visual discrimination task to the visual stimulus that signified sweet fruit juice than to that which signified saline, or responded to sweet taste and in an olfactory discrimination task to fruit odor. The different types of neurons (unimodal in different modalities and multimodal ...
Race modulates neural activity during imitation
... evaluation) and the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (all typically more active when inhibiting stereotypes or prejudice against other-race individuals, e.g., Cunningham et al., 2004). Here we have included both an action observation and a faceviewing ...
... evaluation) and the anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (all typically more active when inhibiting stereotypes or prejudice against other-race individuals, e.g., Cunningham et al., 2004). Here we have included both an action observation and a faceviewing ...
A Comprehensive Protocol for Manual Segmentation of the Medial
... most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, includ ...
... most other tracing protocols available, typically focusing on certain MTL areas (e.g., amygdala and/or hippocampus), the integrative perspective adopted by the present tracing guidelines allows for clear localization of all MTL subregions. By integrating information from a variety of sources, includ ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsychology
... hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear) – Abducens (the eye muscles) ...
... hearing and equilibrium in the inner ear) – Abducens (the eye muscles) ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.