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NOTES ON LESSON ENGINEERING PHYSICS
NOTES ON LESSON ENGINEERING PHYSICS

... Classical free electron theory. Quantum free electron theory Band theory Drawbacks of Classical Free Electron Theory: Contradiction occurs between classical and Quantum free electron theories on the energy absorption of free electrons. Wiedemann - Franz law (Lorentz Number) The ratio of thermal cond ...
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Physics 6B Hydrodynamics

... Example 3: A medical technician is trying to determine what percentage of a patient’s artery is blocked by plaque. To do this, she measures the blood pressure just before the region of blockage and finds that it is 12 kPa, while in the region of blockage it is 11.5 kPa. Furthermore, she knows that ...
11.2 Physics 6B Fluids - Hydrodynamics
11.2 Physics 6B Fluids - Hydrodynamics

... Example 3: A medical technician is trying to determine what percentage of a patient’s artery is blocked by plaque. To do this, she measures the blood pressure just before the region of blockage and finds that it is 12 kPa, while in the region of blockage it is 11.5 kPa. Furthermore, she knows that ...
Chapter 15 - College of Engineering WordPress
Chapter 15 - College of Engineering WordPress

... Adapted from Fig. 15.3, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 15.3 is from T.S. Carswell and J.K. Nason, 'Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Organic Plastics", Symposium on Plastics, ...
Chapter 5 Pressure Variation in Flowing Fluids
Chapter 5 Pressure Variation in Flowing Fluids

... For such devices the flowrate of liquid over the top of the weir plate is dependent on the weir height, Pw, the width of the channel, b, and the head, H, of the water above the top of the weir. Between points (1) and (2) the pressure and gravitational fields cause the fluid to accelerate from veloci ...
American Journal of Physics, Vol. 71, Nº 1, 46-48 (2003).
American Journal of Physics, Vol. 71, Nº 1, 46-48 (2003).

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CartesianTensors.pdf

... Although it is known that all matter at the microscopic scale is particulate and hence discontinuous, the size scale of the discontinuities is much smaller than the size scale at which much of the work in mechanics in engineering and science takes place. Continuum mechanics is a description of the m ...
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... uniaxial strain in the range of stress in which Hooke's Law holds. In solid mechanics, the slope of the stress-strain curve at any point is called the tangent modulus. The tangent modulus of the initial, linear portion of a stress-strain curve is called Young's modulus, also known as the tensile mod ...
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... Newton’s second law. • Each of these laws is expressed using a Lagrangian description of motion; they apply to a specified mass of the fluid. They are stated as follows: Mass: The mass of a system remains constant. Energy: The rate of heat transfer to a system minus the work rate done by a system eq ...
Tissue Fluid and Lymph
Tissue Fluid and Lymph

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Rheology

Rheology (/riːˈɒlədʒi/; from Greek ῥέω rhéō, ""flow"" and -λoγία, -logia, ""study of"") is the study of the flow of matter, primarily in a liquid state, but also as 'soft solids' or solids under conditions in which they respond with plastic flow rather than deforming elastically in response to an applied force.It applies to substances which have a complex microstructure, such as muds, sludges, suspensions, polymers and other glass formers (e.g., silicates), as well as many foods and additives, bodily fluids (e.g., blood) and other biological materials or other materials which belong to the class of soft matter.Newtonian fluids can be characterized by a single coefficient of viscosity for a specific temperature. Although this viscosity will change with temperature, it does not change with the strain rate. Only a small group of fluids exhibit such constant viscosity. The large class of fluids whose viscosity changes with the strain rate (the relative flow velocity) are called non-Newtonian fluids.Rheology generally accounts for the behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, by characterizing the minimum number of functions that are needed to relate stresses with rate of change of strain or strain rates. For example, ketchup can have its viscosity reduced by shaking (or other forms of mechanical agitation, where the relative movement of different layers in the material actually causes the reduction in viscosity) but water cannot. Ketchup is a shear thinning material, like yoghurt and emulsion paint (US terminology latex paint or acrylic paint), exhibiting thixotropy, where an increase in relative flow velocity will cause a reduction in viscosity, for example, by stirring. Some other non-Newtonian materials show the opposite behavior: viscosity going up with relative deformation, which are called shear thickening or dilatant materials. Since Sir Isaac Newton originated the concept of viscosity, the study of liquids with strain rate dependent viscosity is also often called Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics.The term rheology was coined by Eugene C. Bingham, a professor at Lafayette College, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner. The term was inspired by the aphorism of Simplicius (often attributed to Heraclitus), panta rhei, ""everything flows""The experimental characterization of a material's rheological behaviour is known as rheometry, although the term rheology is frequently used synonymously with rheometry, particularly by experimentalists. Theoretical aspects of rheology are the relation of the flow/deformation behaviour of material and its internal structure (e.g., the orientation and elongation of polymer molecules), and the flow/deformation behaviour of materials that cannot be described by classical fluid mechanics or elasticity.
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