FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 5 Coordinating Lead Authors
... The topics covered in this chapter follow the outline for sectoral chapters approved by the IPCC. An Executive Summary summarizes the key messages with a line of sight to the supporting sections in the chapter. This chapter comprises six sections with this first section dealing with progress in know ...
... The topics covered in this chapter follow the outline for sectoral chapters approved by the IPCC. An Executive Summary summarizes the key messages with a line of sight to the supporting sections in the chapter. This chapter comprises six sections with this first section dealing with progress in know ...
Harmful Algal Blooms and Climate Change
... them to elevated temperature. Species potentially most responsive to warming are those adapted to lower temperatures at or near 150C, and frequently occur latitudinally in coastal waters delineated by the 150C isotherm centered at about 450N and 450S. Prominent members of this “cold-water” flora, wh ...
... them to elevated temperature. Species potentially most responsive to warming are those adapted to lower temperatures at or near 150C, and frequently occur latitudinally in coastal waters delineated by the 150C isotherm centered at about 450N and 450S. Prominent members of this “cold-water” flora, wh ...
Estimating natural and anthropogenic responses of the water cycle
... variability. Ultimately, these approaches are applied across dierent models to reduce the risk that a single model lacks a crucial process. When thoroughly validated against observations and reconstructions, these models can be used to project future climate change, based on an expected evolution o ...
... variability. Ultimately, these approaches are applied across dierent models to reduce the risk that a single model lacks a crucial process. When thoroughly validated against observations and reconstructions, these models can be used to project future climate change, based on an expected evolution o ...
Report of the IOC Executive Secretary, Rule of Procedure No. 49
... reviews commissioned by the IOC Assembly and Executive Secretary, and in accordance with the instructions from the 21st Session of the IOC Assembly. The group of experts reviewing the Ocean Science Section reviewed the framework of the existing programmes in light of new developments and requirement ...
... reviews commissioned by the IOC Assembly and Executive Secretary, and in accordance with the instructions from the 21st Session of the IOC Assembly. The group of experts reviewing the Ocean Science Section reviewed the framework of the existing programmes in light of new developments and requirement ...
How does climate change influence arctic mercury?
... (Harris et al., 2007). Permafrost soils slumping into lakes as a consequence of thaw may also provide a pathway to increase Hg methylation in affected lakes. A widespread desiccation of small Arctic ponds has been observed (Smith et al., 2005b; Riordan et al., 2006; Smol and Douglas, 2007b), and wit ...
... (Harris et al., 2007). Permafrost soils slumping into lakes as a consequence of thaw may also provide a pathway to increase Hg methylation in affected lakes. A widespread desiccation of small Arctic ponds has been observed (Smith et al., 2005b; Riordan et al., 2006; Smol and Douglas, 2007b), and wit ...
Report on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity of the North
... commercial industries in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are heavily dependent on natural resources. For example, approximately half of the total U.S. fisheries catch is removed from waters off the coast of Alaska (Anon. 1993). Many studies have shown a strong connection between climatic variables ...
... commercial industries in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska are heavily dependent on natural resources. For example, approximately half of the total U.S. fisheries catch is removed from waters off the coast of Alaska (Anon. 1993). Many studies have shown a strong connection between climatic variables ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.